US3862501A - Documents verifiable as to their authenticity - Google Patents

Documents verifiable as to their authenticity Download PDF

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Publication number
US3862501A
US3862501A US368528A US36852873A US3862501A US 3862501 A US3862501 A US 3862501A US 368528 A US368528 A US 368528A US 36852873 A US36852873 A US 36852873A US 3862501 A US3862501 A US 3862501A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pattern
screen
surface elements
surface area
document
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US368528A
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English (en)
Inventor
Anton Wilhelm Jemseby
Erik Gustav Elinder
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S283/00—Printed matter
    • Y10S283/902—Anti-photocopy

Definitions

  • One object of the present invention is to attain great safety in making forgeries impossible and simultaneously to permit verification of the authenticity of documents in a simple and rapid manner for personnel transacting business over the counter, e.g., in banks, public offices etc. where the aforementioned types of documents are handled and the authenticity thereof must be ascertained.
  • a document according to the invention within at least two adjoining surface areas has two similar patterns of surface elements at least some of which are elongated, and the pattern of one surface area is displaced in relation to that of the other surface area.
  • the authenticity of the document is verified in a manner to be described hereinbelow with the aid of a verification screen which corresponds to or is the opposite of a screen film which has been used in the production of the surface elements of at least one pattern on said document.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically and on a highly enlarged scale shows a portion of a document having two different surface areas
  • FIG. 2 on a highly enlarged scale shows a portion of a screen for producing the surface areas in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 on a highly enlarged scale shows a portion of a camouflage screen for use with the screen in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 on a highly enlarged scale shows a portion of a document produced by means of the screens in FIGS. 2 and 3 in superposition;
  • FIG. 5 by way of example shows a driving licence having surface areas with various arrangements of surface elements
  • FIG. 6 on a very highly enlarged scale shows a small portion of a document in another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a screen used in producing the surface element patterns illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the portion on the document shown in FIG. 1 serves to illustrate the basic inventive principle.
  • the portion of the document shown in FIG. I has a surface area with a regular checkered pattern of horizontally elongated surface elements 1 which stand out in contrast to the background and which in the embodiment chosen are equally large.
  • the surface area having the surface elements 1 surrounds a surface area which is provided with a regular checkered pattern of vertically elongated surface elements 2 which stand out in contrast to the background and which in the embodiment chosen all are equally large as the surface elements 1.
  • the surface area having the surface elements 2 in the embodiment chosen is in the form of a crown.
  • the portion of the document shown in FIG. 1 has been produced in the manner described hereinbelow by means of the screen 3 shown in FIG. 2 and consisting of a film having elliptical transparent surface elements 4 on a non-transparent background.
  • the screen film 3 is placed in contact with the light-sensitive coat of a photographic film and atop the screen film there is placed a masking film which on a transparent background has a non-transparent area in the form of a crown.
  • the light-sensitive film is exposed through the screen film and the masking film.
  • the masking film is removed, the screen film 3 is displaced by turning it through another masking film which on a non-transparent background has a transparent area in the form of a crown is placed on the screen film, and a new exposure of the light-sensitive film is made.
  • the light-sensitive film is developed and has the appearance shown in FIG. 1. It can then be fastened to a suitable substrate in order itself to constitute the document, or it can be used for making a printing plate by which the document is printed on paper or other suitable document material.
  • the surface elements 4 on the screen film 3 should have a division within the range customary in letterpress printing; on studying the document portion shown in FIG. 1 with the naked eye the observer cannot discern that there is a surface area having the form of a crown in which the elongated surface elements 2 have a direction different from that of the elongated surface elements 1 in the surrounding surface area. If. on the other hand, a verification screen corresponding to the screen film 3 according to FIG. 2 or being the opposite thereof, that is, has non-transparent surface elements on a transparent background is placed on the portion according to FIG. 1, the crown is seen in strong contrast to the surrounding surface area. If the verification screen is placed on the portion according to FIG.
  • the crown is seen in heavy contrast to the environment as a surface area having a uniform degree of brightness that considerably deviates from the uniform degree of brightness of the environment. If the verification screen is placed on the portion according to FIG. 1 with the longitudinal direction of the surface elements of the verification screen at a certain oblique angle to the longitudinal directions of the surface elements 1 and 2 in FIG. 1, the crown and the environment display moire effects heavily contrasting with one other and having different patterns of moige bands.
  • the effects obtained by means of the verification screen are very sensitive to an exact agreement of the verification screen with the screen film 3 which has been used for producing the screen patterns on the document so that already so small faults in the pattern positions of the surface elements as will arise in a forgery made by photographing the screened surfaces of a genuine document by means ofa photographic camera are easily discerned upon verification of the forgery with the aid of a verification screen.
  • the surface elements I and 2 in FIG. I should suitably be at least twice as long as they are wide.
  • the forger To make a forgery that cannot be discovered by means of the verification screen the forger must have access to a screen film that exactly corresponds to the film 3 in FIG. 2, and he must know in which angular positions and in which positions of register the screen film is to be used in producing the document. To render the access to such screen films 3 difficult only the manufacturer of the documents should possess such films, and the division of the surface elements of the screen film and the shape of said surface elements should deviate from the commercially available screen divisions and surface element configurations. Moreover, the verification screens, which are distributed for verification purposes in great numbers to personnel transacting business over the counter, should have a surface considerably smaller than the entire surface of the documents that is provided with surface element patterns. It is impossible to produce a satisfactory screen film 3 by means of so small verification screen pieces.
  • the pattern of the surface elements 1 and/or /or 2 in FIG. 1 should preferably have superimposed upon it the pattern of camouflaging surface elements.
  • This can be realized by means of a screen film as shown in FIG. 3.
  • This screen film on a non-transparent background has transparent surface elements 6 which in the embodi ment chosen are circular and arranged in a regular checkered pattern and each of which preferably has a considerably smaller surface than one of the surface elements 4 in FIG. 3.
  • surface elements of the appearance shown in FIG. 4 are obtained.
  • the film 3 has been printed only in one position and no masking film has been used for obtaining an area in the form of a crown.
  • the superimposed pattern of camouflaging surface elements does not disturb the appearance of the document obtained with the use of the verification screen.
  • the camouflaging surface elements 6 of the screen film 5 can have a configuration other than the circular configuration shown, and it is preferable to arrange the surface elements 6 in an irregular or random pattern.
  • FIG. 5 shows a driving licence 7 which is embodied in accordance with the invention
  • a line 8 is an oblong surface area 9 which contains a pattern (not shown) offor instance vertically elongated surface elements of type 2 in FIG. 1.
  • a surface area 12 which is defined by boundary lines 10 and 11 and shows a picture (not indicated of the owner of the licence, is pro vided in the right-hand lower corner of the licence 7.
  • the picture is composed of surface elements 1 and 2 according to FIG. 1.
  • the vertically elongated surface elements 1 are contained within two surface areas indicated by dash lines 13 and 14 and being in the form of crowns, while the horizontally elongated surface elements 2 are contained within the remaining surface area of the picture area 12.
  • the surface elements I and 2 have, within the picture area 12, been caused to give the visual impression of a portrait in that the surface elements have been given varying sizes in the manner customary in letterpress printing, that is, at the exposure, described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 of a light-sensitive film, light of exposure has been directed not only through the screen film 3 and the masking film but also through a transparent continuous-tone portrait picture in which case the surface elements 4 of the screen 3 should be lenticular, for instance according to Swedish Pat. No. 215,904. To render forgeries difficult the surface area 14 lies partly inside and partly outside the picture area 12.
  • the driving licence 7 has an area lying within dash-and-dot lines 15 which is reserved for text and signature, and this area includes an annular surface area 16 the boundaries of which are indicated by dash line circles and which is provided with a pattern of vertically elongated surface elements of type 2 in FIG. 1.
  • the surface element patterns may have superimposed on them camouflaging surface elements in the manner described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, but no camouflaged surface elements need be arranged within the picture area 12.
  • a verification screen film piece is placed over the right-hand portion of the driving licence so as to cover the picture area 12 and the overlying part of the driving licence, and another verification screen piece is placed over the surface area 16 and the overlying part of the surface area 9. It is then possible rapidly to establish that these parts of the driving licence that have been selected for verification actually give the prescribed visual impression when verification is made.
  • one pattern of the document is displaced in parallel with respect to the other pattern a distance smaller than the distance measured in the direction of displacement between the centers of two successive surface elements of the pattern.
  • a document according to this embodiment has a section that is unique and identifying to the document and contains both patterns, for instance a picture of the owner of the document, such as is the case with driving licences, identity cards and passports, at least one pattern can be composed of regularly arranged and substantially identically conformed surface elements of the same or different sizes.
  • the portion illustrated in FIG. 6 of a document according to the invention has a surface area 17 in the form of a posthorn, an outer surface area 18 surrounding said posthorn, and an inner surface area 19 within the posthom loop.
  • the mutual boundaries of these surface areas are indicated in FIG. 6 by dash lines which do not exist in the actual document but have been inserted in FIG. 6 in order clearly to define the boundaries which would otherwise be difficult to perceive in spite of the high enlargement in which the portion of the document has been reproduced in FIG. 6.
  • the free surface areas in FIG. 6 are provided with similar patterns of surface elements which in the embodiment chosen by way of example are in the form of small black dots. These surface elements in a regular way present different shapes and sizes within different parts of FIG. 6. The majority of the surface elements in FIG.
  • the surface elements in the surface areas 18 and 19 belong to one and the same pattern.
  • the surface elements in the surface area 17 constitute a pattern which corresponds to that in the surface areas 16 and 19 but which is displaced in parallel horizontally with respect to the pattern in the surface areas 18 and I) a distance which is approximately half of the horizontal distance between the centers of two successive surface elements of the pattern.
  • the surface elements in the surface areas 17-19 in FIG. 6 have been produced in the following way by means of screens according to FIG. 7.
  • the screen illustrated in FIG. 7 has transparent oval (or rhombic) screen apertures on a non-transparent background.
  • the screen is regular inasmuch as the centers of the screen apertures lie at the crossings of two coordinate line systems the lines of which are at the same mutual distances, the lines of one system making oblique angles with those of the other system.
  • moire effects are perceived when one screen is turned with respect to the other screen.
  • a moire effect has been chosen which has alternately brighter and darker horizontal bands which are not, however, particularly pronounced in FIG. 6 because of the high enlargement.
  • a mask in the form of a transparent film having a non-transparent portion in the form of a posthorn is placed on a light-sensitive coat which is to be used for producing a printing plate for printing a document ac cording to FIG. 6, and two screens according to FIG, 7 are placed upon said mask, one screen being turned with respect to the other screen through such an angle that the desired moire effect is obtained.
  • the lightsensitive coat is then exposed with light that is caused to fall heavily obliquely from one side through the two screens and the mask. This will expose the surface elements in the surface areas 18 and 19 according to FIG. 6.
  • the described mask is removed and re placed with a mask which is the opposite of the earlier used mask, that is, it has a transparent posthorn portion but is otherwise opaque.
  • a new exposure of the lightsensitive coat is made with the screens in unaltered positions, but the new exposure is made with light which is caused to fall heavily obliquely from the direction opposite to the earlier one through the two screens and the new mask.
  • This will expose the surface elements in the surface area l7 in FIG. 6.
  • the exposure light in one exposure is incident for example obliquely from the left as viewed in FIG. 6, and in the other exposure obliquely from the right the surface elements in the surface area 17 in FIG. 6 will be displaced horizontally with respect to the surface elements in the surface areas 18 and 19.
  • the lightsensitive coat can be developed and used in a known manner for producing a printing plate for prine ing documents according to the invention.
  • the difficulty of making forgeries increases if on producing the moire surface elements in a document use is made of two screen films of different embodiments so that one screen film does not conform with the screen film pieces handed out for verification of the documents to personnel transacting business over the counter. It is practically impossible, on the basis of the moire patterns of the documents, to try and establish the parameters of the screens that have been used for the production of the patterns. A still greater safety in this respect is gained if the patterns in FIG. 6 are produced by color printing and at least one pattern is produced by iridiscent printing preferably in such a way that different parts of the pattern have complementary colors, for instance purple and bluish-green.
  • a particularly good safety towards forgeries being made is obtained when also at least one pattern in the manner earlier described has superimposed on it the pattern of camouflaging surface elements which have been produced by iridiscent printing and have in at least some part of the document a color other than that of the pattern, preferably a complementary color. It is advantageous to print the camouflaging surface elements with gloss ink and the pattern or patterns with a matte ink or vice versa.
  • a document verifiable as to its authenticity comprising a first surface area and a second surface area, adjoining said first surface area, a first pattern of sepa rate spaced apart image elements within said first surface area, and a second pattern of separate spaced apart image elements within said second surface area, said first and second patterns being similar and having the form of a moire pattern, the image elements of which correspond to moire elements formed by photographic printing of a plurality of superimposed and collectively printed screens which have transparent screen apertures on a non-transparent background and at least one of which has regularly arranged elongated screen apertures, and said first pattern being displaced in rela tion to said second pattern.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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US368528A 1972-06-16 1973-06-11 Documents verifiable as to their authenticity Expired - Lifetime US3862501A (en)

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SE7207948A SE379107B (enExample) 1972-06-16 1972-06-16

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990008046A1 (en) * 1989-01-18 1990-07-26 Wicker Ralph C Nonreplicable document and method for making same
US5193853A (en) * 1989-01-18 1993-03-16 Wicker Ralph C Nonreplicable document and method for making same
US5436974A (en) * 1993-10-12 1995-07-25 Innovator Corporation Method of encoding confidentiality markings
US5487567A (en) * 1992-04-24 1996-01-30 Francois-Charles Oberthur Group Printing method and copy-evident secure document
US5583950A (en) * 1992-09-16 1996-12-10 Mikos, Ltd. Method and apparatus for flash correlation
ES2109163A1 (es) * 1995-05-18 1998-01-01 Nacional Moneda Timbre Procedimiento de securizacion de productos impresos y elementos de seguridad obtenidos con dicho procedimiento.
US5735547A (en) * 1992-10-01 1998-04-07 Morelle; Fredric T. Anti-photographic/photocopy imaging process and product made by same
US6334206B1 (en) * 1998-03-12 2001-12-25 U.S. Philips Corporation Forgery prevention microcontroller circuit
DE102004007379B3 (de) * 2004-02-16 2005-09-01 Ovd Kinegram Ag Wertgegenstand mit Moiré-Muster
US20080164328A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Tamper detection of documents using encoded dots
US7906198B2 (en) 2003-05-29 2011-03-15 Wicker Thomas M Document containing security images

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2952080A (en) * 1957-09-12 1960-09-13 Teleregister Corp Cryptic grid scrambling and unscrambling method and apparatus
US2969531A (en) * 1959-10-23 1961-01-24 Space Electronics Corp Image reproducing apparatus
US3279095A (en) * 1961-10-24 1966-10-18 Ncr Co Information encoding and decoding method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2952080A (en) * 1957-09-12 1960-09-13 Teleregister Corp Cryptic grid scrambling and unscrambling method and apparatus
US2969531A (en) * 1959-10-23 1961-01-24 Space Electronics Corp Image reproducing apparatus
US3279095A (en) * 1961-10-24 1966-10-18 Ncr Co Information encoding and decoding method

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5018767A (en) * 1989-01-18 1991-05-28 Schmeiser, Morelle & Watts Counterfeit protected document
US5193853A (en) * 1989-01-18 1993-03-16 Wicker Ralph C Nonreplicable document and method for making same
WO1990008046A1 (en) * 1989-01-18 1990-07-26 Wicker Ralph C Nonreplicable document and method for making same
US5487567A (en) * 1992-04-24 1996-01-30 Francois-Charles Oberthur Group Printing method and copy-evident secure document
US5982932A (en) * 1992-09-16 1999-11-09 Mikos, Ltd. Method and apparatus for flash correlation
US5583950A (en) * 1992-09-16 1996-12-10 Mikos, Ltd. Method and apparatus for flash correlation
US5735547A (en) * 1992-10-01 1998-04-07 Morelle; Fredric T. Anti-photographic/photocopy imaging process and product made by same
US5436974A (en) * 1993-10-12 1995-07-25 Innovator Corporation Method of encoding confidentiality markings
ES2109163A1 (es) * 1995-05-18 1998-01-01 Nacional Moneda Timbre Procedimiento de securizacion de productos impresos y elementos de seguridad obtenidos con dicho procedimiento.
US6334206B1 (en) * 1998-03-12 2001-12-25 U.S. Philips Corporation Forgery prevention microcontroller circuit
US7906198B2 (en) 2003-05-29 2011-03-15 Wicker Thomas M Document containing security images
DE102004007379B3 (de) * 2004-02-16 2005-09-01 Ovd Kinegram Ag Wertgegenstand mit Moiré-Muster
US20070177131A1 (en) * 2004-02-16 2007-08-02 Achim Hansen Object of value comprising a moire patern
US7654579B2 (en) 2004-02-16 2010-02-02 Ovd Kinegram Ag Object of value comprising a moiré pattern
US20080164328A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Tamper detection of documents using encoded dots
US8038073B2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2011-10-18 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Tamper detection of documents using encoded dots

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