US3861750A - Tunnel driving apparatus - Google Patents

Tunnel driving apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3861750A
US3861750A US377986A US37798673A US3861750A US 3861750 A US3861750 A US 3861750A US 377986 A US377986 A US 377986A US 37798673 A US37798673 A US 37798673A US 3861750 A US3861750 A US 3861750A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
shield
cutting head
supporting
supporting means
guide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US377986A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Gunter Follert
Albert Beyer
Alfons Robatzek
Eberhard Unger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH
Original Assignee
Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19722234965 external-priority patent/DE2234965C3/de
Priority claimed from DE2262388A external-priority patent/DE2262388C3/de
Application filed by Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH filed Critical Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3861750A publication Critical patent/US3861750A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1093—Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/06—Equipment for positioning the whole machine in relation to its sub-structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
    • E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A tunnel driving apparatus with a cylindrical shield in tach material from a working face to effect driving of the tunnel.
  • the cutting head is driven by a shaft which extends through a thrust ring to which a circular'array of hydraulic rams concentric with the axis of the shield is connected.
  • This thrust ring which supports the cutting head, is connected through universal joint assemblies to guide members which slidably locate in guideways extending longitudinally of the shield.
  • the present invention relates to a tunnel driving apparatus or machine.
  • a tunnel driving apparatus is known, particularly for driving tunnels in loose materials,.in which a hollow shield supporting the wall of the tunnel has a cutting head mounted thereon. This cutting head serves to detach material from a working face in front of the shield.
  • the cutting head It is generally desirable to mount the cutting head so that it can be displaced longitudinally of the shield, i.e., in the driving direction, and in addition so that the head can be tilted transversely of the longitudinal axis of the shield. This enables the position of the head to be controlled to cope with various types of material encountered at the face as well as to effect driving of the tunnel along a curved path.
  • a general object of this invention is to provide an improved construction for the apparatus.
  • a tunnel driving apparatus comprising a cylindrical shield, a cutting head, means for supporting the cutting head at least partly within the shield, means for guiding the supporting means for movement along the shield and for permitting positional angular displacement of the supporting means and the cutting head in vertical and horizontal senses and means for moving the supporting means and the cutting head longitudinally of the shield and for effecting said angular displacement.
  • the supporting means may conveniently take the form off a thrust ring through which extends a drive shaft for driving the cutting head.
  • the guiding means is preferably constructed by guideways or tracks extending longitudinally of the shield and attached to the inner surface thereof, with guide members, such as bushes or blocks slidably located in these guideways and coupled to the supporting means.
  • the means connecting or coupling each of the guide members to the supporting means is preferably adapted to enable the latter to move about two mutually perpendicular axes.
  • the coupling means preferably takes the form of universal joint assemblies linked to brackets or arms on the supporting means. In this way the supporting means and hence the cutting head can be moved into various angular positions. It is desirable to locate these universal joint assemblies adjacent or in the guideways to ensure satisfactory control and guideance.
  • the angular adjustability of the support means and hence of the cutting head is advantageous in enabling the efficient detachment of various materials at the working face by the cutting head in the driving of the tunnel.
  • An apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention enables the adjustability of the cutting head to be advanced in a simple yet reliable manner.
  • the support means is formed with brackets pivotably connected with first pivot pins-extending laterally of the shield to mounting blocks, each mounting block being connected to a further pivot pin extending radially of the shield with its pivotal axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of the associated first pivot pin, each further pivot pin being in turn located in one of the guide members.
  • the guide members can-be in the form of flanged bushes receiving the further pivot pins. It is desirable to provide each of these bushes with an outwardly projecting arm which slidably locates in a further guideway and serves to limit angular displacement of the bush about the longitudinal axis of the shield.
  • the support means has arms with end portions received by slots in spigots and coupled thereto with pivot pins extending laterally of the shield, each spigot being rotatably received in an aperture in one of the guide members.
  • Preferably gaps are provided. between the confronting faces of the end portion of each arm and the inside of the aperture in the associated guide member, said gaps extending laterally of the shield.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional side viewof part of a tunnel driv.-
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional end view of part of the machine depicted in FIG. 1; the view being taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional side view of part of a further tunnel driving machine made in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional end view of part of the machine depicted in FIG. 3, the view being taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line V-V of FIG. 4.
  • a cutting head 13 is disposed at least partly I within the shield 10.
  • the cutting head 13 may be of known design and is in known manner equipped with cutting or boring tools which remove material from the working face.
  • the cutting head 13 is carried by a mounting plate 14 to which is connected a tubular shaft 15 disposed centrally of the shield 10. This shaft 15 serves to drive the cutting head 13.
  • drive means is coupled to the shaft 15 so as to rotate or oscillate the latter about its longitudinal axis.
  • the drive means takes the form of a series of double-acting hydraulic piston and cylinder units 16 pivotably connected to the shaft and operable to oscillate the shaft 15 and hence the cutting head 13.
  • the cutting head 13 with its mounting plate 14 is supported by support means in the form of a thrust ring 17 through which the shaft 15 extends. Bearings, incorporating axial stop members, are provided between the thrust ring' 17 and the shaft 15.
  • the ring 17 is provided on its exterior periphery with two brackets 18 arranged in diametrically opposing positions and in this case disposed in a vertical plane. These brackets 18 are connected through universal joint assemblies 19 described hereinafter to guide members 20 permitting the ring 17 to be displaced axially of the shield 10.
  • the provision of the universal joints 19 allows the ring 17 to be swivelled about mutually perpendicular axes to thereby permit the cutting head 13 to assume a variety of angular positional operating states.
  • Trough-shaped guideways or tracks 21 are provided on the inside of the shield 10. Theseguideways 21 extend over substantially the entire length of the shield 10 and have forward ends 22 which terminate adjacent the cutting edge 12.
  • the guide members 20 take the form of flanged-guide bushes (FIG. 2) which are slidably received in the guideways 21. These guide bushes 20 are in turn carried by swivel pins 23 disposed radially of the ring 17. Each pin 23 is attached to a mounting block 24 having a bore 25 therein through which a further pin 26 extends.
  • Each bracket 18 has two spaced apart walls 27 which locate the associated mounting block 24 therebetween and the pin 26 of the block 24 is mounted in these walls 27.
  • the pins 23, 26 constitute the aforesaid universal joints 19 connecting the thrust ring 17 to the guide bushes 20.
  • the mounting system 19, 20, 21 for ring 17 permits the cutting head 13 to be angularly adjusted in the vertical and horizontal senses. During horizontal adjustment the pin 23 may be displaced in the bores of the guide bushes 20.
  • the bushes 20 are also provided with arms 31 which locate in grooves of further guideways 32 provided on the inside of the shield 10. The arms 31 can slide freely along their guideways 32 but prevent excessive tilting of the bushes'20 which may otherwise cause the ring 17 to become jammed.
  • the thrust ring 17 is coupled through joints 29, conventionally ball and socket joints, to a series of double: acting hydraulic rams 28 which are preferably arranged on a circle concentric with the shaft 15. These rams 28 bear on abutments which are merely represented diagrammatically in FIG. 1.
  • the rams 28 are operable to advance the ring 17 and hence the cutting head 13 in the driving direction, arrow P, so that the bushes 20 slide along the guideways 21. It is also possible to retract the head 13 into the shield 10 with the aid of the rams 28.
  • the quantity of hydraulic fluid fed to the individual rams 28 can be controlled so that the thrust ring 17 assumes the desired position in relation to the joints 19. It can be appreciated that the length of the guideways 21 is greater than the maximum stroke of the rams 28.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 The apparatus depicted in FIGS. 3 to 5 is constructionally similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and accordingly like reference numerals are used to denote like parts.
  • the brackets provided at the exterior of the thrust ring 17 are replaced by analogous arms also designated 18 and again located in diametrically opposed positions. These arms 18 connect with the guide members 20 which again slidably engage in the guideways 21 extending longitudinally of the shield 10.
  • the guide members 20 are in the form of bodies of square cross-section (FIG. 5) shaped to fit snugly into the guideways 21.
  • Each body 20 has a central circular aperture 35 having enlarged portions 36 at the inner face of the body adjacent the thrust ring 17.
  • a spigot 38 is received for rotation within the aperture 35 of each body 20 and this spigot 38 has a shoulder 37 which seats on the enlarged portion 36 of the aperture 35.
  • the spigots 38 are each provided with a slot 39 which receives a tapered end portion 40 of the associated arm 18.
  • Pivot pins 42 extend through aligned bores in the arms 18 and the spigots 38.
  • the end portion 40 of each arm 18 has a rectangular cross-section.
  • This end portion 40 has a dimension taken laterally of the associated guideway 21 which corresponds to that of the slot 39 and a dimension taken longitudinally of the guideway 21 which is somewhat less than that of the slot 39 to thereby produce gaps 41 between the inner faces of the slots 39 and the matching exterior of the portion 40.
  • the spigots 38 are freely rotatable within the bodies 20 thereby enabling the thrust ring 17 to swing about a vertical-axis.
  • the rams 28 arranged in a circular array are used to advance the cutting head 13 via the ring 17 and to control the angular position of the ring 17 and hence of the cutting head 13.
  • a tunnel driving apparatus comprising:
  • variable positioning means comprising interengaging slidable guide means and universal joint means, said guide means and joint means being arranged to permit movement of said supporting means along the shield while restraining relative rotation between the shield and the supporting means and to permit positional angular displacement of said supporting means and cutting head relative to said shield;
  • An apparatus further comprising means for controlling said moving means to effect said angular displacement.
  • said guide means comprises a plurality of guideways extending longitudinally of the shield and guide members slidably located in the guideways.
  • the universal joint means comprises brackets pivotably connected with first pivot pins extending laterally of the shield to mounting blocks, each mounting block being connected to a further pivot pin extending radially of the shield with its pivotal axis substantially per- 5, pendicular to the axis of the associated first pivot pin, each further pivot pin being in turn located in one of the guide members.
  • guide members comprise flanged bushes receiving the further pivot pins and each having an outwardly projecting arm which is slidably located in a further guideway and serves to limit angular displacement of the bush about the longitudinal axis of the shield.
  • the universal joint means comprises arms with end portions received by slots in spigots and coupled thereto with pivot pins extending laterally of the shield, each spigot being rotatably received in an aperture in one of the guide members.
  • the moving means comprises a series of hydraulic rams coupled to the supporting means and disposed in a circular array concentric with the axis of the shield.
  • a tunnel driving apparatus comprising:
  • variable positioning means comprising interengaging guide means mounted on the shield for guiding movement of the supporting means and cutting head along a path parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shield, and means connecting the supporting means to said guide means to permit said supporting means and cutting head to be angularly displaced and re-positioned in relation to said guide means and shield about two mutually perpendicular planes; and
  • An apparatus further comprising means for controlling said moving means to effect said angular displacement.
  • said guide means includes guideways extending longitudinally of the shield and guide members slidably located in the guideways.
  • said advancing and controlling means comprises a series of hydraulic rams coupled to the supporting means and.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Exposure Control For Cameras (AREA)
US377986A 1972-07-15 1973-07-10 Tunnel driving apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3861750A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19722234965 DE2234965C3 (de) 1972-07-15 Schildvortriebsmaschine für den Tunnelbau u.dgl
DE2262388A DE2262388C3 (de) 1972-12-20 1972-12-20 Schildvortriebsmaschine für Tunnelbauten

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3861750A true US3861750A (en) 1975-01-21

Family

ID=25763568

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US377986A Expired - Lifetime US3861750A (en) 1972-07-15 1973-07-10 Tunnel driving apparatus

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3861750A (forum.php)
JP (1) JPS5620436B2 (forum.php)
AT (1) AT331841B (forum.php)
ES (1) ES416921A1 (forum.php)
FR (1) FR2193123B1 (forum.php)
GB (1) GB1427578A (forum.php)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4049317A (en) * 1975-02-03 1977-09-20 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Tunnel driving apparatus
US4778220A (en) * 1985-12-21 1988-10-18 Klaus Linde Tunnel driving apparatus
US20100284748A1 (en) * 2006-08-14 2010-11-11 Neil Deryck Bray Graham Underground mining apparatus
US10443761B2 (en) * 2013-12-23 2019-10-15 Herrenknecht Ag Method and device for trenchless pipe laying

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2586267A1 (fr) * 1985-08-14 1987-02-20 Bouygues Sa Tunnelier pleine face perfectionne
RU2344295C1 (ru) * 2007-04-27 2009-01-20 Оао "Московский Метрострой" Оборудование для проведения тоннеля переменного диаметра

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3561223A (en) * 1968-07-09 1971-02-09 John R Tabor Tunneling machine with concrete wall forming mechanism
US3598445A (en) * 1969-05-08 1971-08-10 Douglas F Winberg Tunnel-boring machine

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3561223A (en) * 1968-07-09 1971-02-09 John R Tabor Tunneling machine with concrete wall forming mechanism
US3598445A (en) * 1969-05-08 1971-08-10 Douglas F Winberg Tunnel-boring machine

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4049317A (en) * 1975-02-03 1977-09-20 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Tunnel driving apparatus
US4778220A (en) * 1985-12-21 1988-10-18 Klaus Linde Tunnel driving apparatus
AT396388B (de) * 1985-12-21 1993-08-25 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Vortriebseinrichtung mit einer in einem vortriebsschild gelagerten vollschnittmaschine
US20100284748A1 (en) * 2006-08-14 2010-11-11 Neil Deryck Bray Graham Underground mining apparatus
US8920074B2 (en) * 2006-08-14 2014-12-30 Z-Filter Pty Ltd. Underground mining apparatus
US10443761B2 (en) * 2013-12-23 2019-10-15 Herrenknecht Ag Method and device for trenchless pipe laying

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA263073A (de) 1975-12-15
JPS5620436B2 (forum.php) 1981-05-13
AT331841B (de) 1976-08-25
FR2193123A1 (forum.php) 1974-02-15
JPS4985831A (forum.php) 1974-08-16
FR2193123B1 (forum.php) 1982-07-30
ES416921A1 (es) 1976-03-16
GB1427578A (en) 1976-03-10

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