US3861080A - Method and apparatus for closing and opening - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for closing and opening Download PDF

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Publication number
US3861080A
US3861080A US126099A US12609971A US3861080A US 3861080 A US3861080 A US 3861080A US 126099 A US126099 A US 126099A US 12609971 A US12609971 A US 12609971A US 3861080 A US3861080 A US 3861080A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cover
aperture
pull rod
housing
closing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US126099A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Elmar Schibli
Constantin Kentsides
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buehler AG
Original Assignee
Buehler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH423370A external-priority patent/CH522440A/de
Priority claimed from CH1325970A external-priority patent/CH531896A/de
Application filed by Buehler AG filed Critical Buehler AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3861080A publication Critical patent/US3861080A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/12—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes against air pressure, explosion, or gas
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids

Definitions

  • the cover is maintained closed by exerting, between the cover and the housing, an elastic holding force which collapses abruptly to zero value on being overcome by explosive pressure within the housing.
  • the cover may be hinged to the housing and may be provided with detent means for releasably latching it in the closed position. Where the housing aperture is of substantial size, two such covers may be used.
  • This invention relates to a method for closing an aperture in a rigid housing enclosing a space, by utilizing a cover opening under explosive pressure and cooperating with the housing.
  • the problem underlying the invention is to provide housings of processing units, which foreseeably may possibly be seriously damaged by explosion-like detonations or by actual explosions occurring within the housing, with one or more explosion-relief apertures. These apertures are to be closed by explosion-relief covers in a manner such that each closure satisfies the following conditions.
  • the aperture in the machine housing is to be closed in such a way that, under normal material processing occurring inside the machine housing, both the machine housing having the aperture, on the one hand, and especially the cover fitted in the housing to close the aperture, on the other hand, act conjointly as one rigid machine housing.
  • the closure must provide the smoothest possible surface toward the inside of the machine housing, that is, toward the processing space enclosed by the housing.
  • the cover should be suspended in an articulated manner on the machine housing to avoid complete separation of the cover from the housing.
  • the sector in which the objective of the invention is important comprises processing plants which, with a very great probability, are imperiled by explosion-type detonations or by actual internal explosions, so that an additional condition, besides those mentioned above, must be fulfilled. Namely, there must be no need for maintenance over very long periods of time.
  • a method for solving this sphere of the problem is characterized in that the cover is held in the closed position by an elastic holding force exerted between the housing and the cover, this elastic holding force collapsing abruptly to zero value on being overcome by explosive pressure within the housing.
  • the elastic holding force can hold the cover in a stable position, and it is only upon being overcome by the explosive pressure that the holding force collapses to zero so that the cover can occupy an unstable position.
  • the invention is also directed to apparatus for performing the method, and this apparatus is characterized in that, between two structural parts, correlated, on the one hand, to the boundary of the aperture formed in the machine housing which encloses the space and, on the other hand, to the cover, there is installed an elastically releasable locking device.
  • This device is installed in such a manner that, responsive to an explosive pressure, an initial tension provided by the locking device is overcome, and the cover is moved suddenly from a stable closed position to a tension-free open position clearing the aperture in the housing.
  • the cover may be mounted pivotally on the machine housing for elastic connection with the housing.
  • the locking device may have two detent elements which are elastically displaceable relative to each other, one element being connected with the cover and a counter element being connected with the fixed boundary of the aperture closed by the cover.
  • the detent element and the counter element have mating convex and concave, or vice versa, interengaging surfaces.
  • Locking may be effected with the use of a combination of two detent elements, elastically displaceable relative to each other, of which one element is assigned to the damper or cover and the counter element to the boundary of the aperture closed by the damper, with the detent action being effected by cooperation of convex and concave mating surfaces.
  • At least one of the elements may be designed, depending on the correlation, to be adjustable to the tensioned closed position and to an unloaded or untensioned open position.
  • the correlation of the two interlocking elements can be effected either between the damper and the boundary of the aperture, or between two dampers, by suitable correlation.
  • a pull rod opposite the articulated suspension, a pull rod, also mounted in an articulated fashion, which receives, between the articulated suspension and its end, a guide sleeve connected with the damper.
  • a compression spring is interposed between this guide sleeve and the pull rod opposite the mounting of the pull rod.
  • the compression spring may be designed to have progressive spring action and, in the closed state of the damper, the spring is completely unloaded.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an improved method of closing an aperture in a rigid housing enclosing a space, by utilizing a cover opening under explosive pressure and cooperating with the housing.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide improved apparatus for closing an aperture in a rigid housing enclosing a space, by utilizing a cover opening under explosive pressure and cooperating with the housing.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide such a method and apparatus in which the cover is held in closed position by an elastic holding force exerted between the cover and the housing, the elastic holding force suddenly collapsing to zero upon being overcome by explosive pressure.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a method and apparatus in which the cover, responsive to explosive pressure, is moved from a stable position closing the aperture to an unstable position clearing the aperture.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through an embodiment of the invention illustrating the cover partially opened;
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating a cover locking system having two different adjustment possibilities
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a double damper closure embodying the invention.
  • an explosionrelief aperture 102 is provided in a fixed casing 101 enclosing a processing space 100.
  • a cover 103 which, along its periphery, has a packing strip 104 resting on casing or wall 101.
  • Cover 103 is articulatedly or hingedly mounted through straps or ribs 105 engaging hinge pins 106 in straps or ribs 107 secured to casing or wall 101.
  • the hinged suspension 105, 106, 107 of cover 103 there is mounted one of two elastically interlocking elements, of which the element 110 is composed as will now be described.
  • Element 110 includes a housing 111 fixedly connected with cover 103.
  • a displaceable detent element 112 is provided in housing 111, and has a convex detent head 113 and a stop 114 for engaging housing 111.
  • Housing 111 also encloses a compression spring 115, preferably formed by several plate springs.
  • the housing also has mounted therein a tensionadjusting device comprising a screw 121 having a head 122 and a lock nut 1 23 arranged thereon. together with a pressure plate 124.
  • Counter element 130 is formed, as an essential feature, with a concave detent recess 131 and, in certain cases, it is advantageous that the entry into this detent recess 131, as referred to the detent element 112, presents an inclination 132 so that closing of the cover and engagement of detent element 112 into detent recess 131 is effected more easily.
  • a pull rod is pivotally mounted in straps or ribs 141 on wall or casing 101 through the medium of a pivot pin 142 and a hinge strap 143.
  • a guide sleeve 146 embraces pull rod 150 and is rotatably or oscillatably mounted, through the medium of a bearing pin 147, in a bearing block 148 fixedly connected with damper or cover 103.
  • the free end of pull rod 150 is provided with a threaded pin 151 and an end plate 152 retained by a nut 153, and end plate 152 has an abutment face 154.
  • first compression spring 155 bears against an end face 158 of intermediate disk 156
  • second compression spring 157 bears against the opposite end face 159. It is characteristic of the spring arrangement that, up to a certain opening movement of cover 103, the spring arrangement rests entirely loosely on pull rod 150, as is clearly visible from FIG. 1, by the space between end plate 152 and the uppermost plate spring of the spring 157.
  • plate spring packet 115 is charged, in locking device 110, upon engagement of the convex end 113 of element 11 into the concave detent recess of counter element 130, by adjustment of screw 121, to an extent such that the stress on cover or damper 103, occurring during normal operation of the device closed within casing 101, will not overcome the holding force.
  • the interengaging locking is released by the pressure acting over the entire surface of cover 103.
  • cover or damper 103 At the beginning of the opening of cover or damper 103, element 112 is displaced, against the bias of compression spring 115, until convex head 113 moves over the edge of concave detent recess 131. Immediately thereupon, cover or damper 103 turns about pivot axis 105 at very great speed outwardly into the open position. With increasing opening movement of the cover away from a certain opening point, first compression spring 155 is compressed over a relatively long path. Thereby, the opening speed is decelerated for the first time. Following this compression of compression spring 155, the remaining deceleration of the opening a movement of cover 103 is provided by compression spring 157 until the movement of cover 103 is completely arrested. In certain cases, this now existing charging of the springs is sufficient to move the cover back toward the closed position.
  • a single cover 103' is mounted, by straps 105 in hinge pins 106, in bearing straps 107' which are connected with casing or wall 101'.
  • the limitation of the opening path of cover 103 is again effected, on the one hand, by the articulated suspension 141 143' for pull rod 150 and, on the other hand, guide sleeve 146' with bearing pin 147 engaged in bearing block 148 connected with cover 103'.
  • the springs which are used are not shown.
  • the locking device no longer acts between a counter element 130 at the fixed frame, through detent device 110, on cover bearings 105, 106, 107, but by twin arrangement, as will now be described, through a selfenclosed system.
  • a detent device 110 is firmly connected with wall or casing 101', and comprises a housing 111, a compression spring 115 arranged in the housing, and a screw 121 with a head 122', a lock nut 123' and a pressure plate 124 for the adjustment of spring 115'.
  • a detent ball 163 is used as the detent element. Directly aligned with the combination comprising screw 121, spring 115 and detent ball 163', and at a given spacing therefrom. there is a tension device 170 also connected with wall or casing 101'. To determine the spacing, an intermediate detent element 160 is fixedly connected with cover 103' and extends over the edge of the cover or damper into the zone of detent device 110' and device 170 aligned therewith. In the zone of devices 110' and 170, detent element 160 is provided, on opposite sides, with detent recesses 161, there being provided, in the instant design, a continuous bore 162 extending from one detent to the other, solely for manufacturing reasons
  • Tensioning device 170 comprises the housing 111" having a compression spring 115" arranged therein, and a detent ball 163".
  • a toggle lever tensioning system is provided for the purpose of tensioning spring 115" through detent ball 163" relative to detent recess 161 in element 160.
  • This toggle lever tensioning system comprises a mounting element 171, firmly connected with casing or wall 101, a tensioning lever 172 pivoted in mounting 171 by a bearing pin 173, a toggle joint pin 174 articulatedly connecting lever 172 with an intermediate strap 175, a strap pin 176 pivotally connecting strap 175 with the head 177 of a pressure bolt 178, a pressure plate 180 engaging compression spring 115', and a slide bearing 18] connected with support 171 for slidably mounting pressure pin 178.
  • Tensioning device 170 having the toggle lever system, permits, after completed opening of cover 103', a very simple reclosing in that tensioning device 170 can be released very simply by lifting tensioning lever 172 and hence by corresponding relief of compression spring which consists of a plate spring packet, to close the damper. It is only then that the locking force is again built up to the predetermined value, namely exactly the same as before, by pivoting tension lever 172 to its abutment against end stop 182. It is advantageous to use similar tensioning devices 170 on both sides of the intermediate detent element 160.
  • the opening path limiting device embodying the pull rod and the springs arranged therein, as shown in FIG. 1, can be used without change and, it is advantageous to arrange these limiting devices in pairs, one on each side of the cover.
  • FIG. 2 there is provided a solution where, for opening of the cover, no additional bearing friction forces originating from the locking device need be overcome during the opening process, which latter must occur very rapidly, in that these, as stated, are no longer present as reaction forces.
  • FIG. 3 The embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3 is substantially analogous to that shown in FIG. 2, and includes two cooperating covers 103 and 103" with respective packing strips 104" and 104'", for closing larger relief apertures.
  • the suspensions of the covers 103" and 103'" are effected, in the same manner as in FIGS. 1 and 2, through straps 105", 105'", hinge pins 106", 106" and bearing straps 107", 107".
  • tensioning device 170 is arranged double so that, through casing or wall 101", a closed force system is present. Consequently, two tensioning devices 170' and 170" are firmly connected with casing or wall 101" which contains the explosion-relief aperture to be closed by covers 103", 103", and in turn these tensioning devices consist of the same parts as in FIG. 2, including the toggle lever system.
  • the two devices are positioned on the same axis, and are so disposed that the detent recesses of intermediate detent element which is secured to the lower damper 103" and projects over the edge thereof, fit between the balls 163" and 163"" of the respective tensioning devices and 170".
  • two tensioning devices with toggle lever systems are used.
  • this opening path lmitation involves the same system as in FIGS. 1 and 2, with the difference that pull rod 150", which is articulated to covers 103 and 103", is no longer mounted on casing or wall 101" but is guided in parts secured on covers 103" and 103".
  • the essential feature for the invention is the safe closure in normal service and the rapid opening of the damper or cover when an explosion occurs. Because of the high opening speed, it is advantageous to use, in addition to the locking system, an elastic limitation for the opening path.
  • An apparatus for closing an aperture, in a rigid machine housing enclosing a space, by utilizing a cover opening under explosive pressure and cooperating with the machine housing comprising, in combination, respective structural parts correlated with the boundary of the aperture formed in the machine housing and with the cover; an elastically releasable locking device installed between such respective structural parts and constructed and arranged so that, responsive to an explosive pressure within the machine housing, the initial restraining force of the locking device is overcome and the cover is abruptly moved from a stable, closed position to a tension-free open position clearing the aperture in the machine housing; said locking device comprising two detent elements elastically displaceable relative to each other; one element being connected with the cover and the counter element being connected with that portion of the machine hous ing bounding the aperture; the cooperating ends of the two elements being respectively convex and concave for interengagement with each other; an articulated suspension mounting the cover on the machine housing; a guide sleeve pivotally mounted on the cover between the articulated suspension and the opposite edge
  • said pivot suspension comprises a pivotal guide sleeve displaceably embracing said pull rod; and a second compression spring embracing the pull rod between said last-named guide sleeve and said other end of said pull rod.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
US126099A 1970-03-20 1971-03-19 Method and apparatus for closing and opening Expired - Lifetime US3861080A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH423370A CH522440A (de) 1970-03-20 1970-03-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entlastung eines Raumes von einem darin schlagartig auftretenden Druck
CH1325970A CH531896A (de) 1970-09-07 1970-09-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entlastung eines Raumes von einem darin auftretenden Druck

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3861080A true US3861080A (en) 1975-01-21

Family

ID=25694982

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US126099A Expired - Lifetime US3861080A (en) 1970-03-20 1971-03-19 Method and apparatus for closing and opening

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3861080A (enExample)
BE (1) BE764550A (enExample)
ES (1) ES389328A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2084959A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1348718A (enExample)
NL (1) NL7103572A (enExample)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4327241A (en) * 1980-10-22 1982-04-27 Obenchain Richard F Explosion venting means for metallurgical furnace
US4462575A (en) * 1981-01-29 1984-07-31 Noranda Mines Limited Hood assembly for a metallurgical converter
US4703908A (en) * 1975-04-11 1987-11-03 Gilbert Correge et a. Safety device against a sudden decompression in the luggage compartment of an aircraft
US5118053A (en) * 1989-09-27 1992-06-02 The Boeing Company Pressure equalization systems
US20150252606A1 (en) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-10 Aaron M. MIZNER Gate closer
CN108868420A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-23 徐苏丞 一种电子式泄爆窗
CN114013780A (zh) * 2021-08-17 2022-02-08 宁波卓荣国际贸易有限公司 一种新型的储物盒

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2756726C2 (de) * 1977-12-20 1982-04-08 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Einrichtung zum Druckausgleich in einem Luft- oder Raumfahrzeug
CN114351888B (zh) * 2022-02-15 2023-05-26 河南理工大学 一种压板屈曲摩擦自复位阻尼器
CN118793819B (zh) * 2024-09-14 2024-11-29 沈阳三三牌阀门制造有限责任公司 一种具有防爆功能的安全阀组件

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1887484A (en) * 1929-09-21 1932-11-08 David Luptons Sons Co Explosion-release mechanism for windows
US2358143A (en) * 1942-06-11 1944-09-12 Fuller Label & Box Company Vented panel
US3453777A (en) * 1967-11-07 1969-07-08 American Cyanamid Co Pressure venting panel assembly

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1887484A (en) * 1929-09-21 1932-11-08 David Luptons Sons Co Explosion-release mechanism for windows
US2358143A (en) * 1942-06-11 1944-09-12 Fuller Label & Box Company Vented panel
US3453777A (en) * 1967-11-07 1969-07-08 American Cyanamid Co Pressure venting panel assembly

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4703908A (en) * 1975-04-11 1987-11-03 Gilbert Correge et a. Safety device against a sudden decompression in the luggage compartment of an aircraft
US4327241A (en) * 1980-10-22 1982-04-27 Obenchain Richard F Explosion venting means for metallurgical furnace
US4462575A (en) * 1981-01-29 1984-07-31 Noranda Mines Limited Hood assembly for a metallurgical converter
US5118053A (en) * 1989-09-27 1992-06-02 The Boeing Company Pressure equalization systems
US20150252606A1 (en) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-10 Aaron M. MIZNER Gate closer
US9290978B2 (en) * 2014-03-04 2016-03-22 Nationwide Industries, Inc Gate closer
CN108868420A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-23 徐苏丞 一种电子式泄爆窗
CN114013780A (zh) * 2021-08-17 2022-02-08 宁波卓荣国际贸易有限公司 一种新型的储物盒
CN114013780B (zh) * 2021-08-17 2024-05-28 宁波卓荣国际贸易有限公司 一种新型的储物盒

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1348718A (en) 1974-03-20
NL7103572A (enExample) 1971-09-22
BE764550A (fr) 1971-09-20
ES389328A1 (es) 1974-03-16
FR2084959A5 (enExample) 1971-12-17

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