US3860522A - Synthetic lubricants resistant to shear and cold - Google Patents

Synthetic lubricants resistant to shear and cold Download PDF

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Publication number
US3860522A
US3860522A US131796A US13179671A US3860522A US 3860522 A US3860522 A US 3860522A US 131796 A US131796 A US 131796A US 13179671 A US13179671 A US 13179671A US 3860522 A US3860522 A US 3860522A
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United States
Prior art keywords
oils
shear
resistant
weight
viscosity
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Expired - Lifetime
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US131796A
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English (en)
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Diether Fischer
Paul Hornberger
Willy Wolf
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/10Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
    • C07C51/14Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in organic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026Butene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/282Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/34Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08Resistance to extreme temperature
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02Bearings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12Gas-turbines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12Gas-turbines
    • C10N2040/13Aircraft turbines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/135Steam engines or turbines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to shear-resistant and coldresistant synthetic lubricants.
  • the pour point may be lowered by the addition of pour point depressants, the viscosities in the range between the turbidity point and pour remain higher than anticipated for the liquid phase due to the precipitation of crystallizable paraffin components; distinct differences may be observed between the low-temperature viscosity calculated by extrapolation of viscosity measurements made at higher temperatures by the method described in German Standard Specification DIN 51563 and the lowtemperature viscosity as actually measured. This increased viscosity greatly restricts the range of application of these oils.
  • Lubricants based on dicarboxylates for example non-substituted or alkyl-substituted adipates and sebacates, have been known in the art for a number of years. The combined use of ester oils and mineral oils for lubricating purpose has also been known for many years.
  • liquid polymers of butenes or isobutylene are unduly volatile compared with mineral oils of the same viscosity and their flash point characteristic is unsatisfactory.
  • the said polymer oils have a viscosity/temperature characteristic which is approximately the same as that of mineral oils.
  • esters of branchedchain dicarboxylic acids of from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and aliphatic alcohols of less than 6 carbon atoms with polymers of butenes having a molecular weight of from 1,200 to 4,500, the ester portion being from 10 to 95% by weight and the polymer portion being from-90 to 5% by weight.
  • Esters which-may be used in the present invention are, in particular, esters of heptadecanodioic acid with propanol, n-butanol or isobutanol or mixtures of these butanols.
  • Other suitable esters are those of alkylsubstituted adipic or sebacic acids of from 16 to 22 carbon atoms, for example decyladipic acid, dodecyladipic acid, octylsebacic acid, dibutylsebacic acid and dihexylsebacic acid with ethanol, propanol or butanol as the alcohol component.
  • Polymers which may be used according to the invention in admixture with the said esters are those having a molecular weight of from 1,200 to 4,500 as measured by the Staudinger method. They are light to heavy oils having viscosity/temperature characteristics similar to those of minerallubricating oils.
  • the polymers are prepared by known methods and may, if desired, be hydrogenated before blending with the esters.
  • Particularly suitable mixtures for use in the present invention are those of from 45 to by weight of ester with from 55 to 20% by weight of a polymer having a molecular weight of from 2,500 to 4,000 and mixtures of from 20 to 50% by weight of ester with from 80 to 50% by weight of a polymer having a molecular weight of from 1,200 to 3,000.
  • the low-temperature viscosities are unfavorably influenced, i.e. raised, by the precipitation of paraffin from the mineral oil portion.
  • the measured viscosities do not satisfy the viscosity/temperature relationship given in German Standard Specification DIN 51563. This restricts the range of utility of the oils at low temperatures.
  • esters The stability of esters is impaired when they are blended with a mineral base oil. This is shown in stability tests using the test strip apparatus by Wolf..For example, a di-n-butyl heptadecanodicarboxylate achieves the high relating of 8.5 when tested in this apparatus without any additive, whilst the rating achieved by a conventional rn'ineral base oil without any additive is 5.0. A mixture of the ester with the same base oil (with no further additive) in a ratio of 1:1 also achieves a value of 5.0. The better stability of the ester oil is lost when the latter is mixed with a mineral base oil.
  • dicarboxylates with polymers of butenes according to the present invention multi-grade oils are provided which are completely stable to shear and which satisfy the V/T relationship given in German Standard Specification DIN 51 563 down to very low temperatures, e.g. 40C.
  • the mixtures of the invention show superior aging stability to comparable lubricants containing mineral oil.
  • the comparative oil B is also a 10W/30 multi-grade oil which canin tioivev riTn'iidditi on tothe 11mm lubricating oil, 23% of di-n-butyl heptadecanodicar-. boxylate as oil component.
  • the amount of V.I. improver added is 3% and that of the detergent/inhibitor combination is 6%.
  • the viscosity index is 134.
  • the oil of the invention as described in this Example also possesses absolute stability to shear. Testing of the shear resistance by the method of forcing the oil A stability test using the test strip apparatus gave the 0 following results:
  • the oil of the invention as described in Example 1 has the rating 8.5. This rating is excellent for an oil not containing any additives for improving the detergent/- dispersant characteristic.
  • the rating of commerical HD oils of the test strip apparatus is between 8.0 and 10.0, whilst mineral base oils achieve ratings of approximately 5. 1f the esters are not mixed with poly(isobutylene) as proposed by the invention but with a conventional mineral base oil, the rating achieved is much the same as that of the mineral base oil alone.
  • EXAMPLE 2 50 parts of di-n-butyl heptadecanodicarboxylate are mixed with 50 parts of poly(isobutylene) having a molecular weight of 3,200. The mixture has the properties of a 20W/50 multi-grade oil having excellent cold viscosities and shear resistance:
  • the comparative oil A tested under the same conditions, shows a distinct loss of viscosity and reduction of the viscosity index:
  • a comparable commercial 20W/50 oil prepared by mixing a mineral base oil with a V.1. improver and a detergent/inhibitor combination has the following data:
  • oils produced by mixing esters and polylisobutylene) as proposed by the invention may be used as such for lubricating purpose; or conventional lubricant additives may be added, such as those for improving the detergent characteristic, the attrition characteristic, the resistance to oxidation and the pressure resistance, to extend the range of application of the oils.
  • conventional lubricant additives may be added, such as those for improving the detergent characteristic, the attrition characteristic, the resistance to oxidation and the pressure resistance, to extend the range of application of the oils.
  • V.l. improvers is not necessary.
  • the lubricants of the invention may be advantageously used in a variety of lubricating applications.
  • oils may be used as engine oils, gear oils, and
  • Shear-resistant and cold-resistant synthetic lubri cants consisting essentially of a mixture of. esters of branched-chain dicarboxylic acids of from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and aliphatic alcohols of less than 6 carbon atoms with homopolymers of butenes having a molecular weight of 2,500 to 4,000, said esters being 45 to by weight of said mixture and said homopolymers being 55 to 20% by weight of said mixture.
  • Shear-resistant and cold-resistant synthetic lubricants consisting essentially of a mixture of esters of branched-chain dicarboxylic acids of from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and aliphatic alcohols of less than 6 carbon atoms with homopolymers of butenes having a molecular weight of 1,200 to 3,000, said esters being 20 to 50% by weight said mixture and said homopolymers being 80 to 50% by weight of said mixture.
  • ester component is the ester of heptadecanodioic acid with n-butanol, isobutanol or mixtures thereof.
  • ester component is the ester of heptadecanodioic acid with n-butanol, isobutanol or mixtures thereof.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US131796A 1970-04-14 1971-04-06 Synthetic lubricants resistant to shear and cold Expired - Lifetime US3860522A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702017744 DE2017744A1 (de) 1970-04-14 1970-04-14 Scher- und kältefeste synthetische Schmiermittel

Publications (1)

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US3860522A true US3860522A (en) 1975-01-14

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US131796A Expired - Lifetime US3860522A (en) 1970-04-14 1971-04-06 Synthetic lubricants resistant to shear and cold

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3860522A (enExample)
BE (1) BE765657A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2017744A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2086060B1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1333882A (enExample)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4175047A (en) * 1978-09-25 1979-11-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Synthetic ester and hydrogenated olefin oligomer lubricant and method of reducing fuel consumption therewith
US4175046A (en) * 1978-09-20 1979-11-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Synthetic lubricant
US4253981A (en) * 1979-07-05 1981-03-03 Morton-Norwich Products, Inc. Viscous lubricant composition comprising mixed esters and a silicone oil
US4601840A (en) * 1985-06-21 1986-07-22 National Distillers And Chemical Corp. Mist lubrication process
US4859352A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-08-22 Amoco Corporation Low temperature high performance grease
US4879054A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-11-07 Amoco Corporation Process for producing low temperature high performance grease
US5133888A (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-07-28 Amoco Corporation Cruise missile engine bearing grease
US5180865A (en) * 1991-12-06 1993-01-19 Pennzoil Products Company Base oil for shear stable multi-viscosity lubricants and lubricants therefrom
WO1994022990A1 (en) * 1993-04-01 1994-10-13 Ethyl Corporation Gear oil compositions
US5436379A (en) * 1994-01-14 1995-07-25 Pennzoil Products Company Base oil for shear stable multi-viscosity lubricants and lubricants therefrom
US5756430A (en) * 1996-03-18 1998-05-26 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Mist oil lubricant
US5854185A (en) * 1994-03-31 1998-12-29 Shell Oil Company Lubricant mixtures and grease compositions based thereon

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0453114B1 (en) * 1990-03-31 1995-05-24 Tonen Corporation Hydraulic fluids for automobile suspensions

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2610948A (en) * 1950-03-23 1952-09-16 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating compositions
US2746925A (en) * 1951-09-27 1956-05-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricants and additives therefor
US2891084A (en) * 1959-06-16 Method of preparing same
US3098042A (en) * 1957-01-17 1963-07-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricants containing polybutene-1
US3271311A (en) * 1963-10-08 1966-09-06 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricant
US3329613A (en) * 1962-09-29 1967-07-04 Basf Ag Lubricating-oil additive

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2891084A (en) * 1959-06-16 Method of preparing same
US2610948A (en) * 1950-03-23 1952-09-16 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating compositions
US2746925A (en) * 1951-09-27 1956-05-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricants and additives therefor
US3098042A (en) * 1957-01-17 1963-07-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricants containing polybutene-1
US3329613A (en) * 1962-09-29 1967-07-04 Basf Ag Lubricating-oil additive
US3271311A (en) * 1963-10-08 1966-09-06 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricant

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4175046A (en) * 1978-09-20 1979-11-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Synthetic lubricant
US4175047A (en) * 1978-09-25 1979-11-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Synthetic ester and hydrogenated olefin oligomer lubricant and method of reducing fuel consumption therewith
US4253981A (en) * 1979-07-05 1981-03-03 Morton-Norwich Products, Inc. Viscous lubricant composition comprising mixed esters and a silicone oil
US4601840A (en) * 1985-06-21 1986-07-22 National Distillers And Chemical Corp. Mist lubrication process
US4859352A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-08-22 Amoco Corporation Low temperature high performance grease
US4879054A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-11-07 Amoco Corporation Process for producing low temperature high performance grease
US5133888A (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-07-28 Amoco Corporation Cruise missile engine bearing grease
US5180865A (en) * 1991-12-06 1993-01-19 Pennzoil Products Company Base oil for shear stable multi-viscosity lubricants and lubricants therefrom
WO1994022990A1 (en) * 1993-04-01 1994-10-13 Ethyl Corporation Gear oil compositions
US5571445A (en) * 1993-04-01 1996-11-05 Ethyl Corporation Gear oil compositions
US5436379A (en) * 1994-01-14 1995-07-25 Pennzoil Products Company Base oil for shear stable multi-viscosity lubricants and lubricants therefrom
US5854185A (en) * 1994-03-31 1998-12-29 Shell Oil Company Lubricant mixtures and grease compositions based thereon
US5756430A (en) * 1996-03-18 1998-05-26 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Mist oil lubricant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2017744A1 (de) 1971-10-28
BE765657A (fr) 1971-10-13
FR2086060B1 (enExample) 1975-07-04
GB1333882A (en) 1973-10-17
FR2086060A1 (enExample) 1971-12-31

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