US3274107A - Lubricant composition containing a sulfide - Google Patents
Lubricant composition containing a sulfide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3274107A US3274107A US277021A US27702163A US3274107A US 3274107 A US3274107 A US 3274107A US 277021 A US277021 A US 277021A US 27702163 A US27702163 A US 27702163A US 3274107 A US3274107 A US 3274107A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sulfide
- polyphenyl
- ether
- fluids
- bis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 229920013636 polyphenyl ether polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 65
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 61
- -1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 56
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 36
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- SDUQWTDEBSFSIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene Chemical class C=1C=CC=C(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 SDUQWTDEBSFSIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VLSAAACBQLMOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-stibane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Sb](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 VLSAAACBQLMOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYNGFCUGSYEOOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine sulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 VYNGFCUGSYEOOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KOKDSALTQSQPDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(3-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC(OC=2C=C(OC=3C=C(OC=4C=CC=CC=4)C=CC=3)C=CC=2)=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 KOKDSALTQSQPDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=[P] Chemical compound S=[P] VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940058905 antimony compound for treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- XZRUGUOJBDGYPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-methyl-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CP(Cl)(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 XZRUGUOJBDGYPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYSKNYFGWVBAOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(4-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC=2C=C(OC=3C=CC(OC=4C=CC=CC=4)=CC=3)C=CC=2)C=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 KYSKNYFGWVBAOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJUDDNWGFYFRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(4-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(OC=4C=CC=CC=4)=CC=3)=CC=2)C=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 QJUDDNWGFYFRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVOCXQKXUBYPNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diphenoxy-2-(3-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC(OC=2C(=CC=C(OC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=2)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 WVOCXQKXUBYPNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEUKNEYMDJIDAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-diphenoxyphenoxy)-2,3-diphenoxybenzene Chemical class C=1C=CC(OC=2C(=C(OC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 CEUKNEYMDJIDAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSUIICSNIGDRBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-phenoxyphenoxy)-2-(2-phenylphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 XSUIICSNIGDRBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDDDKTFZNYMIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2,3-diphenoxyphenoxy)phenoxy]-2,3-diphenoxybenzene Chemical class C=1C=CC(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)OC=2C(=C(OC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 NDDDKTFZNYMIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHSBGBACAWVJTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-diphenoxybenzene Chemical compound C1=C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 CHSBGBACAWVJTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKHCUKLDPPXGFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenoxy-2-(2-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene Chemical class C=1C=CC=C(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 QKHCUKLDPPXGFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKPKPIBLJRBFCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenoxy-2-(2-phenylphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 HKPKPIBLJRBFCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVCITNPWSJQCBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenoxy-3-(3-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC(OC=2C=C(OC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 MVCITNPWSJQCBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPFHJDPZBIEKSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenoxy-4-[4-[4-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)phenoxy]phenoxy]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(OC=4C=CC(OC=5C=CC=CC=5)=CC=4)=CC=3)=CC=2)C=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 BPFHJDPZBIEKSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMRIWCLJJFNYSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyl-2-(2-phenylphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GMRIWCLJJFNYSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUIIFQCDPWDDOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyl-2-[2-[2-(2-phenylphenoxy)phenoxy]phenoxy]benzene Chemical compound C1(=C(C=CC=C1)OC1=C(C=CC=C1)OC1=C(C=CC=C1)OC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GUIIFQCDPWDDOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTCQTDXDCNIKCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-4-[4-[4-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)phenoxy]phenoxy]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 NTCQTDXDCNIKCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQGBDFMKLXCNHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(decanoyloxymethyl)butyl decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC QQGBDFMKLXCNHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFWHTGSLDKKCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(octanoyloxymethyl)butyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC HFWHTGSLDKKCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJSNTQXNQNSZJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-nonanoyloxypropoxy)propyl nonanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)OCC(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC FJSNTQXNQNSZJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMMSZUQCCUWXRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethyl valeric acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCC(O)=O HMMSZUQCCUWXRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASOBQNRXRBFZBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cl[PH2]=S Chemical compound Cl[PH2]=S ASOBQNRXRBFZBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005643 Pelargonic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010752 Ullmann ether synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000240 adjuvant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MSOGXUTYESLHCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-yl-diphenyl-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)=S MSOGXUTYESLHCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940067597 azelate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HIEOGLNFUKBFCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3-methylbutyl) hexanedioate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCC(C)C HIEOGLNFUKBFCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWVMVHBQZQWKSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-diphenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=S)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 GWVMVHBQZQWKSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBGPKEQLRZIWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CP(C)(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 HBGPKEQLRZIWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sebacate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFBNAFBCBMDKNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-diphenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=S)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JFBNAFBCBMDKNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl alcohol Substances CC(C)(C)CO KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005483 neopentyl alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113115 polyethylene glycol 200 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZGJADVGJIVEEGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;phenoxide Chemical class [K+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ZGJADVGJIVEEGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSANLGASBHUYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfidophosphanium Chemical class S=[PH3] WSANLGASBHUYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCLWOWVVBCYSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-chloro-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(Cl)(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCLWOWVVBCYSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMEUUKUNSVFYAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinaphthalen-1-ylphosphane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(P(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=CC=CC2=C1 DMEUUKUNSVFYAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
- C07F9/53—Organo-phosphine oxides; Organo-phosphine thioxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/90—Antimony compounds
- C07F9/92—Aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/09—Metal enolates, i.e. keto-enol metal complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/11—Complex polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/11—Complex polyesters
- C10M2209/112—Complex polyesters having dihydric acid centres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
- C10M2211/042—Alcohols; Ethers; Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
- C10M2211/044—Acids; Salts or esters thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2213/02—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained from monomers containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2213/06—Perfluoro polymers
- C10M2213/062—Polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/062—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups bound to the aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/066—Arylene diamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/067—Polyaryl amine alkanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/068—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having amino groups bound to polycyclic aromatic ring systems, i.e. systems with three or more condensed rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
- C10M2215/082—Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/14—Containing carbon-to-nitrogen double bounds, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/061—Metal salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/02—Esters of silicic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. organo-silanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/08—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having metal-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2227/081—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having metal-to-carbon bonds with a metal carbon bond belonging to a ring, e.g. ferocene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/09—Complexes with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/043—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/044—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydrogen bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/045—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydroxyl bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/046—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-oxygen-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/047—Siloxanes with specific structure containing alkylene oxide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/048—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/10—Groups 5 or 15
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/14—Group 7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/32—Light or X-ray resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
- C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines
Definitions
- This invention relates to liquid fluids of high thermal stability, and more particularly, provides functional ⁇ fl'uids comprising polyphenyl ethers and certain aryl Group V element sulfides as additives therefor.
- Polyphenyl ethers have found wide application as functional fluids owing to their very good thermal stability, lubricity, and resistance to foam. For example, they have been found to be valuable as hydraulic fluids, as heat-exchange media, as atomic reactor coolants, as diffusion pump fluids, as lubricants in motor operation generally, and particularly as jet engine lubricants.
- petroleum lubricants in addition to the petroleum base stock, generally include additives which impart specific desired properties to the base stock, such as rust inhibitors, anti-oxidants, extreme pressure resisting agents, lubricity improvers, detersives and the like.
- the additives proposed heretofore have been designed to provide petroleum base compositions for lubrication in conventional equipment such as internal combustion engines of the automotive type, diesel engines and the like, in which the temperature of use is not excessive, not exceeding about 400 F.
- Advanced designs such as jet aircraft design have called for effective lubrication at higher temperatures, such as 500 F. and above, and for these designs, it was found that neither the petroleum base stock nor the conventional additives used therewith were practical.
- the temperatures of operation exceeded the boiling point of some lubricant composition components, and generally were in a range at which both lubricant and additives were thermally unstable and decomposed.
- the lubricity characteristics of a lubricant include its load-carrying abilities and its Wear properties. Compared to other syn- 3,274,107 Patented Sept. 20, 1966 ICC thetic high temperature lubricant fluids, the polyphenyl ethers rank high in lubricity characteristics.
- severe design requirements for applications such as aircraft engines include effective lubrication under high pressures as well as at high temperatures which the uncompounded polyphenyl ethers do not meet.
- polyphenyl ether base compositions having improved lubricity properties.
- polyphenyl ether base lubricants Another aspect requiring attention in utilization of the polyphenyl ether base lubricants is oxidation stability.
- the polyphenyl ethers possess extremely good thermal stability, at temperatures of, say, over 550 F, they tend to deteriorate, not because of a decomposition reaction, but because at the higher temperatures they become quite readily oxidizable.
- the lubricity of the polyhenyl ethers is thereby impaired, since the oxidation products do not possess lubricating properties; moreover, the change in viscosity which is a consequence of the oxidation not only makes for inefficiency, but also may clog up the moving parts of the mechanism which the lubricant was originally intended to protect.
- the effect of additives on the oxidation stability of the polyphenyl ethers can be important, particularly when the polyphenyl ethers are to be used at the higher temperatures under conditions requiring exposure to air, where it is necessary to inhibit oxidation phenomena which the higher temperatures favor.
- An object of the present invention is the provision of improved lubricant compositions employing polyphenyl ether fluids as base stocks.
- a particular object of the present invention is to provide poly-phenyl ether base compositions having improved lubricity properties.
- compositions consisting es sentially of an oxygenated carbonaceous base fluid comprising a polyphenyl ether and an additive amount of an aryl Group V element sulfide of the formula where Ar is an aryl radical, V is an element of Group V of the Periodic Table, X is a radical selected from the class consisting of aryl radicals and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, and Y is a radical selected from the class consisting of aryl radicals and chlorine radicals, have unusual ability to lubricate under ultra-high loads at high temperatures.
- a general improvement in lubricity characteristics is achieved by addition of a compound of the stated kind to the polyphenyl ether base fluids, including both a decrease in wear and an increase in load-carrying ability. Moreover, a composition as provided by this invention is less oxidatively unstable than the base fluid.
- the Group V compounds of the nature stated above are combined with a high temperature, oxygenated carbonaceous lubricant base fluid.
- This will be a base fluid of lubricating viscosity having a chemical structure made up of C, H and O, and characterized by thermal stability at temperatures up to at least about 500 F.
- the lubricant compositions of this invention will be designed for lubrication of the moving parts of mechanisms operating in temperature ranges of 400 F. to 700 F.
- a particularly advantageous base fluid for use under these conditions comprises the above-mentioned polyphenyl ethers.
- the polyphenyl ethers employed in the compositions of this invention have from 3 to 7 benzene rings and from 1 to 6 oxygen atoms, with the stated oxygen atoms joining the stated benzene rings in chains as ether linkages.
- One or more of the stated benzene rings in these polyphenyl ethers may be hydrocarbyl substituted.
- the hydrocarbyl substitutents for thermal stability, must be free of CH and aliphatic CH, so that preferred aliphatic substituents are lower saturated hydrocarbon radicals (l to 6 carbon atoms) like methyl and tert-butyl, and pre ferred aromatic substituents are aryl radicals like phenyl, t-olyl, t-butylphenyl, and a-cumyl.
- the benzene ring supplied in the hydrocarbyl substituent contributes to the total number of benzene rings in the molecule.
- Polyphenyl ethers consisting exclusively of chains of from 3 to 7 benzene rings with at least one oxygen atom joining the stated benzene rings in the chains as an ether linkage have particularly desirable thermal stability.
- polyphenyl ethers containing aliphatic carbon which are suitable for high temperature base fluids are 3-ring polyphenyl ethers like l-(p-methyL phenoxy) 4 phenoxybenzene and 2,4 diphenoxy 1- methylbenzene, 4-ring polyphenyl ethers like bis[p-(prnethylphenoxy)phenyl] ether and bis[p-(p-tert-butylphenoxy)phenyl] ether, and so forth.
- Polyphenyl ethers consisting exclusively of benzene rings and including ether oxygen atoms linking said rings are exemplified by the triphenoxy benzenes and arylsubstituted polyphenyl ethers such as biphenylyl phenoxyphenyl ether, biphenylyloxyphenyl phenoxyphenyl ether, biphenylyl ether, dibiphenylyloxybenzene, bis(biphenylyloxyphenyl) ether, and the like.
- a preferred class of the polyphenyl ethers are those consisting of benzene rings joined in a chain by oxygen atoms as ether linkages between each ring, of the formula C H O--(C H O) C l-I where n is an integer of from 1 to 5.
- polyphenyl ethers contemplated in this class are the bis(phenoxyphenyl) ethers (4 benzene rings joined in a chain by 3 oxygen atoms), illustrative of which is bis(m-phenoxyphenyl) ether.
- the bis (phenoxyphenoxy) benzenes are particularly valuable in the present connection. Illustrative of these are m-bis(rnphenoxyphenoxy)benzene, m bis(p phenoxyphenoxy) benzene, o-bis(o-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene, and so forth.
- polyphenyl ethers contemplated herein include the bis(phenoxyphenoxyphenyl) ethers such as bis[rn-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl] ether, bis[p-(p-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl] ether, and m-(m-phenoxyphenoxy) phenyl m-(o-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl ether and the bis(phenoxyphenoxyphenoxy)benzenes such as m-bis[m- 1 (m-phenoxyphenoxy)phenoxy] benzene, p bis[p (mphenoxyphenoxy)phenoxy] benzene and m :bis [m (pphenoxyphenoxy phenoxy] benzene.
- bis(phenoxyphenoxyphenyl) ethers such as bis[rn-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl] ether, bis[p-(p-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl] ether, and m-(m-phenoxyphenoxy) phenyl m-(o
- the preferred polyphenyl ethers are those having all their ether linkages in the meta-positions since the allmeta-linked ethers are particularly advantageous because of their wide liquid range and high thermal stability.
- mixtures of the polyphenyl ethers either isomeric mixtures or mixtures of homologous ethers, can also advantageously be used in some applications, especially Where particular properties such as lower solidification points are required.
- Mixtures of polyphenyl ethers in which the non-terminal phenylene rings are linked through oxygen atoms in the meta and para positions have been found to be particularly suitable to provide compositions with wide liquid ranges.
- a preferred polyphenyl ether mixture of this invention is the mixture of bis(phenoxyphenoxy)benzenes wherein the non-terminal phenylene rings are linked through oxygen atoms in the meta and para position, and composed by weight of about 65% m-bis(m-phenoxyphenoxy) benzene, 30% m-[ (m-phenoxyphenoxy) (p-phenoxyphenoxy) ]benzene and 5% m-bis(p-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene.
- Such a mixture solidifies at below room temperature (that is, below 70 F.) whereas the three components solidify individually at temperatures above normal room temperatures.
- polyphenyl ethers can be obtained by known procedures such as, for example, by the Ullmann ether synthesis, by a procedure involving reaction of alkali metal phenoxides such as sodium and potassium phenoxides with aromatic halides such as bromobenzene in the presence of a catalyst such as metallic copper, copper hydroxides or copper salts.
- alkali metal phenoxides such as sodium and potassium phenoxides
- aromatic halides such as bromobenzene
- a catalyst such as metallic copper, copper hydroxides or copper salts.
- the high temperature, oxygenated carbonaceous base fluids employed in the compositions of this invention may also comprise a synthetic ester base fluid.
- These are fluids of lubricating viscosity and thermally stable to at least about 400 R, which are esters of alcohols containing at least 4 carbon atoms and which generally contain more than one ester group. They may be esters of polyhydric alcohols, of polybasic acids, or both.
- Ester fluids with particularly advantageous low temperature viscosity properties, which flow readily at temperatures as low as 30 F are provided by the diesters of dibasic acids.
- Ester lubricants of the dibasic acid ester type are illustrated by diesters of long chain dicarboxylic acids like azelaic acid with long-chain branched primary alcohols of the C to C range.
- the synthetic ester lubricants also frequently include the esters of long chain m-onobasic acids such as pelargonic acid with glycols such as polyethylene glycols.
- Complex esters are also formed by linking dibasic acid half esters through a glycol such as dipropylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol of 200 molecular weight, and so forth.
- polyester type lubricant fluids have been reported to be valuable and also, it is common practice to achieve desired properties in the ultimate base fluid by blending different polyester products.
- Simple esters providing suitable fluids can be exemplified, for example, by bis(Z-methylbutyl) sebacate, bis(l methyl-4-ethyloctyl) sebacate, bis(2ethylhexyl) sebacate, dipropylene glycol dipelargonate, the diesters of acids such as sebacic, azelaic and adipic acid with complex C -C primary branched chain alcohols such as those produced by the 0x0 process, polyethylene glycol 200 bis(Z-ethylhexyl sebacate), diisoamyl adipate, 1,6- hexamethylene glycol di(2 ethylhexanoate), bis(dimethylamyl) azelate and so forth.
- Ester fluids with particularly good high temperature oxidation resistance are provided by neopentyl polyol esters.
- the alcohols from which these esters are derived have the carbon structure of neopentane, with a central carbon atom surrounded by 4 substituent carbon atoms.
- Included in the neopentyl polyols are neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.
- the base fluids comprising neopentyl polyol esters are the esters with monocarboxylic acids. Such esters are generally more oxidatively and thermally stable than the dibasic acid esters.
- the useful esters of the neopentyl polyols include, for example, the esters of trimethylol propane, neopentyl glycol and pentaerythritol with normal, branched chain and mixed acids having chain lengths varying from C to C
- an illustrative series of esters are trimethylolpropane tri-n-pelargonate, trimethylolpropane tricaprate, trimethylolpropane tricaprylate, the trimethylolpropane triester of mixed octanoates, and the like.
- ester fluids adapted for use as lubricant base stocks and useful in the provision of the blends of this invention, reference may be made, for example, to the discussion in Gunderson et al., Synthetic Lubricants (Reinhold, 1962).
- the base fluid in the present compositions may consist essentially of a polyphenyl ether base fluid alone, or a combination of the polyphenyl ether with a synthetic ester base fluid.
- the polyphenyl ethers are not generally miscible with other base fluids: they do not dissolve more than about 5% by weight mineral oil, for example. Attempts to blend silicones with the phenyl ether base fluids have shown that only a few of this class of fluids are miscible with the polyphenyl ethers, and then to a limited extent. However, it has been found that the polyphenyl ethers can be combined with other oxygenated carbonaceous base fluids to provide homogenous fluids having advantageous properties.
- the fluid range of these materials is unusually wide, encompassing the range from below 100 F. to above 800 F.
- the pour point of certain of these particularly stable fluids is above F., whereas for lubricant use, for example, ability to flow down to temperature climate winter temperatures such as 0 F. is desirable. It has been found that compositions comprising combinations of ester base fluids and the polyphenyl ethers can be provided which have the desired fluidity at low temperatures.
- the lubricant fluids which have been found to blend with the phenyl ethers of good thermal and oxidative stability include various esters. It is particularly desirable to provide blends having thermal and oxidative stability at least approaching the stability of the polyphenyl ethers.
- especially valuable base fluids have been found to be provided by combinations of a polyphenyl ether with a neopentyl alcohol ester. These compositions possess both fluidity at low temperature and stability at elevated temperatures.
- the preferred polyphenyl ethers for use in this connection are the bis(phenoxyphenoxy)benzenes, of the composition C H O-(C H O-) -C H where each C H is a phenyl and each C H is a phenylene radical.
- Those with the ether linkages between benzene rings in meta positions, partly or wholly, are especially preferred.
- the stated neopentyl esters are esters of neopentyl alcohols such as pentaerythritol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane and neopentyl glycol with straight chain, branched chain and mixed C C acids such as n-heptanoic and neoheptanoic acid.
- compositions of the stated valuable nature are pro vided by combining 2575 weight percent of the ester base fluids with 7525 weight percent of the polyphenyl ethers.
- aryl Group V element sulfides of the formula where Ar is an aryl radical, V is a Group V element, X is selected from aryl radicals and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, and Y is selected from aryl radicals and chlorine radicals.
- the Group V elements particularly contemplated in this connection are P and Sb.
- aryl is used here to designate radicals including a cyclic nucleus having the resonating bond system characteristic of the benzene nucleus and bonded by a ring carbon atom of said cyclic nucleus to the Group V element.
- the said radicals may be hydrocarbon or may include the elements 0, S and N as hetero atoms, as part of an aryl ring nucleus or, in the case of oxygen, as a linking ether group between aryl nuclei.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals in the stated compounds, for high temperature stability, must conform to the description stated above in connection with description of the alkyl polyphenyl ethers, that is, be free of CH and aliphatic CH.
- the aliphatic substituents on the Group V element or on the stated aryl radicals should be lower saturated hydrocarbon radicals (1 to 6 carbon atoms) like methyl and tertbutyl.
- triarylphosphine sulfide Illustrative of the triarylphosphine sulfide presently contemplated are (for nomenclature, see C & E News, 30 (1952) 4515) triphenylphosphine sulfide, tritolylphosphine sulfide, trinaphthylphosphine sulfide, anthracyldiphenylphosphine sulfide, tripyridylphosphine sulfide, tripicolinylphosphine sulfide, tripyridazinylphosphine sulfide, tribenzofurylphosphine sulfide, tribenzothienylphosphine sulfide, tri-p-biphenylylphosphine sulfide, tris(phenoxyphenyl)phosphine sulfide, and the like.
- the phosphine sulfides which contain mixed functions may be illustrated by dimethylphenylphosphine sulfide, methyldiphenylphosphine sulfide, t-butyldiphenylphosphine sulfide, bis(phenoxyphenyl)methylphosphine sulfide, methyldipyridylphosphine sulfide, diphenylphosphinothioic chloride, ditolylp'hosphinothioic chloride, phenylmethyh phosphinothioic chloride, phenyl-t-butylphosphinothioic chloride, methylnaphthylphosphinothioic chloride, methyl- (phenoxyphenyl) phosphinothioic chloride, methylpyridylphosphinot'hioic chloride, methylbiphenylylphosphinothioic chloride, t-
- additives are the corresponding compounds of antimony, includ ing, for example, (nomenclature paralleling above rules), triphenylstibine sulfide, tribiphenylylstibine sulfide, tris- (phenoxyphenyl)stibine sulfide, tripyridylstibine sulfide, tribenzofurylstibine sulfide, phenyldinaphthylstibine sulfide, methyldiphenylstibine sulfide, methyldibiphenylylstibine sulfide, t-butyldiphenylstibine sulfide, t-butyldibenzothienylstibine sulfide, phenylmethylstibinothioic chloride, t-butyltolylstibinothioic chloride, methylnaphthylstibinothioic chloride, methylbipheny
- the aryl phosphine sulfides are characterized particularly by wearreducing efiects which are most pronounced at higher temperatures, in the range where the polyphenyl ether base fluids are of particular value. This kind of compound also has unusually high solubility in the base fluid.
- the class of aryl phosphinothioic chlorides is especially characterized by beneficial effects on the general lubricity characteristics representing the combined effects of increase in load-carrying ability and decrease in Wear.
- the antimony compounds contemplated as additives herein have the unusual property of maintaining wear substantially constant at a low value throughout a broad temperature range, whereas the wear-reducing properties of active additives in the polyphenyl ether base fluids are generally temperature-dependent.
- the presently employed antimony compounds are the preferred class for reducing susceptibility of the base fluids to oxidative degradation, and in this connection also, they maintain viscosity increase due to high temperature oxidation at a constant value, independent of the presence or absence of metallic surfaces, which affects and changes the oxidation stability of the additive-free fluid.
- the aryl Group V element sulfide is combined with the polyphenyl ether base fluid to the extent of generally, between about 0.01% and 10% by weight of the fluid.
- Particular effective amounts depend on the nature of the individual additive and of the ether fluid. In most cases the ability of the agent with respect to extreme pressure lubrication improvement increases as the concentration is increased, whereas lowering the concentration sometimes enhances antioxidant effects.
- useful compositions may comprise up to about a 1:1 weight ratio of the additives of this invention and the polyphenyl ether base fluid.
- compositions of this invention in addition to the polyphenyl ether base fluid and the aryl Group V element sulfide may additionally include any of a Wide variety of further additives.
- these may include sludge inhibitors and detergents such as the oil-soluble petroleum sulfonates, to loosen and suspend products of decomposition and counteract their effect.
- Other agents such as viscosity index improvers, as exemplified by alkyl methacrylate polymers, pour point depressants, oiliness agents, and so fourth, may also be present in these compositions if desired.
- the antiwear and extreme pressure lubrication characteristics of the lubricant compositions are evaluated by means of the well known Shell 4-Ball Extreme Pressure Tester and the Shell 4-Ball Wear Machine, as described, for example, in the Lubrication Engineers Manual (US. Steel Corp., 1960).
- These testers include 4 balls of stainless steel arranged in the form of an equilateral tetrahedron.
- the three lower balls are held immovably clamped in a holder to form a cradle in which the fourth upper ball is caused to rotate at 1200-1800 r.p.m. about a vertical axis in contact with the three lower stationary balls.
- the contacting surfaces of the balls are immersed in the test fluid which is held in a cup surrounding the assembly.
- a modified cup and heater assembly is used to evaluate lubricants at elevated temperatures and provisions are made to permit high temperature testing under an inert atmosphere: see the The Study of Lubrication Using the 4-Ball Type Machine by R. G. Larsen, Lubrication Engineering, 1, 35-43, 59 (Aug. 1945).
- the upper ball is rotated while the load is gradually increased by increments of 10 kg. until the balls are welded together in a 1-minute test period.
- the upper ball is rotated under a load of 40 kg. for one hour at each of the temperatures for which wear scar diameters worn in the surface of the three lower stationary balls are reported.
- Example 1 This example illustrates the improvement in lubricity characteristics obtained with the polyphenyl ethers by addition of an aryl phosphine sulfide thereto.
- a lubricant composition is prepared by adding triphenylphosphine sulfide to a polyphenyl ether base fluid having the following composition:
- Example 3 This example further illustrates properties of the compositions of the invention comprising an aryl phosphinethioic chloride.
- the lubricant composition prepared by combining methylphenylphosphinothioic chloride with a polyphenyl ether base fluid as set forth in Example 2 is subjected to the Falex test, which is described above, whereby the combined effect of extreme pressure and antiwear properties is measured.
- the minimum test value on this machine is about 500, and the polyphenyl base fluid by itself usually gives values in the test of between 500 and 1000.
- the maximum possible reading on the machine is 4500.
- the readings obtained are about 4000.
- Example 5 This example provides an illustration of the improved oxidation stability of compositions of this invention as compared to the base fluid in the absence of additive.
- the composition including the antimony sulfide compound undergoes only about a 20% viscosity increase in the same length of time, and the presence or absence of the metals does not afiect its oxidation stability.
- Example 6 This example illustrates compositions including the present additives and base stocks consisting of blends of a polyphenyl ether base fluid and a polyester base fluid.
- a blended base stock having a pour point below F. is .prepared by combining a polyphenyl ether base stock consisting of the mixture of 'bis(phenoxyphenoxy)benzenes described in the above examples and a trimethylolpropane tri-n-heptanoate ester, in the ratio of 55% by weight of the polyphenyl ether to 45 of the ester base stock.
- This blend has a 100 F. viscosity of about 50 centistokes (cs.), which is approximately doubled by exposure to an air flow of one liter per hour for 24 hours at 500 F. in the presence of Al, Cu, Ag and Fe wires.
- a lubricant composition consisting essentially of a base fluid comprising a polyphenyl ether and an adjuvant amount of a lubricity improving compound, said polyphenyl ether containing from 3 to 7 benzene rings joined by oxygen as ether linkages and said compound being an aryl Group V element sulfide of the formula where Ar is an aryl radical, V' is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus and antimony, X is a radical selected from the class consisting of aryl and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, and Y is a radical selected from the class consisting of aryl hydrocarbon radicals and chlorine radicals.
- ester being selected from the class consisting of diesters of alkanoic acids of from 4 to 14 carbon atoms with alkanols of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms; diesters of alkanoic acids of from 4 to 14 carbon atoms with polyalkylene glycols of molecular weight up to 200 in which the alkylene group has from 2 to 3 carbon atoms; and esters of mopenty
- composition of claim 3 wherein said phosphorus sulfide is an aryl phosphine sulfide.
- composition of claim 4 wherein said aryl phosphine sulfide is triphenylphosphine sulfide.
- composition of claim 3 wherein said phosphorus sulfide is an aryl phosphinothioic chloride.
- composition of claim 6 wherein said aryl phosphinothioic chloride is methylphenylphosphinothioic chloride.
- composition of claim 8 wherein said antimony sulfide is an aryl stibine sulfide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,274,107 LUBRICANT CONWOSITION CONTAINING A SULFIDE Glenn R. Wilson, Cambridge, Mass., Kenneth L. McHugh, Kirkwood, Mo., and John 0. Smith, Swampscott, Mass., assignors to Monsanto Research Corporation, St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Apr. 30, 1963, Ser. No. 277,021
11 Claims. (Cl. 25246.4)
This invention relates to liquid fluids of high thermal stability, and more particularly, provides functional \fl'uids comprising polyphenyl ethers and certain aryl Group V element sulfides as additives therefor.
Polyphenyl ethers have found wide application as functional fluids owing to their very good thermal stability, lubricity, and resistance to foam. For example, they have been found to be valuable as hydraulic fluids, as heat-exchange media, as atomic reactor coolants, as diffusion pump fluids, as lubricants in motor operation generally, and particularly as jet engine lubricants.
As is known in the art, petroleum lubricants, in addition to the petroleum base stock, generally include additives which impart specific desired properties to the base stock, such as rust inhibitors, anti-oxidants, extreme pressure resisting agents, lubricity improvers, detersives and the like. The additives proposed heretofore have been designed to provide petroleum base compositions for lubrication in conventional equipment such as internal combustion engines of the automotive type, diesel engines and the like, in which the temperature of use is not excessive, not exceeding about 400 F. Advanced designs such as jet aircraft design have called for effective lubrication at higher temperatures, such as 500 F. and above, and for these designs, it was found that neither the petroleum base stock nor the conventional additives used therewith were practical. The temperatures of operation exceeded the boiling point of some lubricant composition components, and generally were in a range at which both lubricant and additives were thermally unstable and decomposed.
Development of synthetic base stocks like the polyphenyl ethers has provided lubricant fluids stable at temperatures above the useful range of the mineral oils. There is now a demand for compositions in which such functional fluids, with thermal stability superior to that of the mineral oils, are compounded with additives enhancing desirable properties thereof. Many materials known as useful mineral oil additives are, as stated, ex cluded from utility in this connection by volatility and lack of thermal stability at the temperatures of use of the polyphenyl ethers. Furthermore, it has been found that additives conventional in mineral oil lubricants do not perform predictably upon combination with synthetic base stocks. There are significant differences in chemical structure of the stocks which can affect the response to additives: for example, whereas the mineral oils consist of aliphatic hydrocarbons, the polyphenyl ethers are, by contrast, aromatic ethers. Indeed, base stocks chemically different from the mineral oils may actually suffer chemical attack by certain additives, with deleterious effects on their superior high temperature properties. Temperature of operation can also affect the performance of additives, and so forth. Thus an empirical approach has been required for the provision of improved lubricants including the polyphenyl ethers as base stocks.
One of the aspects in which the properties of the polyphenyl ether base stocks are considered deficient consists in their lubricity characteristics. The lubricity characteristics of a lubricant include its load-carrying abilities and its Wear properties. Compared to other syn- 3,274,107 Patented Sept. 20, 1966 ICC thetic high temperature lubricant fluids, the polyphenyl ethers rank high in lubricity characteristics. However, severe design requirements for applications such as aircraft engines include effective lubrication under high pressures as well as at high temperatures which the uncompounded polyphenyl ethers do not meet. Thus there is a demand for polyphenyl ether base compositions having improved lubricity properties.
Another aspect requiring attention in utilization of the polyphenyl ether base lubricants is oxidation stability. Although the polyphenyl ethers possess extremely good thermal stability, at temperatures of, say, over 550 F, they tend to deteriorate, not because of a decomposition reaction, but because at the higher temperatures they become quite readily oxidizable. The lubricity of the polyhenyl ethers is thereby impaired, since the oxidation products do not possess lubricating properties; moreover, the change in viscosity which is a consequence of the oxidation not only makes for inefficiency, but also may clog up the moving parts of the mechanism which the lubricant was originally intended to protect. Hence, the effect of additives on the oxidation stability of the polyphenyl ethers can be important, particularly when the polyphenyl ethers are to be used at the higher temperatures under conditions requiring exposure to air, where it is necessary to inhibit oxidation phenomena which the higher temperatures favor.
An object of the present invention is the provision of improved lubricant compositions employing polyphenyl ether fluids as base stocks.
A particular object of the present invention is to provide poly-phenyl ether base compositions having improved lubricity properties.
These and other objects will become evident upon consideration of the following specification and claims.
It has now been found that compositions consisting es sentially of an oxygenated carbonaceous base fluid comprising a polyphenyl ether and an additive amount of an aryl Group V element sulfide of the formula where Ar is an aryl radical, V is an element of Group V of the Periodic Table, X is a radical selected from the class consisting of aryl radicals and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, and Y is a radical selected from the class consisting of aryl radicals and chlorine radicals, have unusual ability to lubricate under ultra-high loads at high temperatures.
A general improvement in lubricity characteristics is achieved by addition of a compound of the stated kind to the polyphenyl ether base fluids, including both a decrease in wear and an increase in load-carrying ability. Moreover, a composition as provided by this invention is less oxidatively unstable than the base fluid.
To provide the lubricant compositions of this invention, the Group V compounds of the nature stated above are combined with a high temperature, oxygenated carbonaceous lubricant base fluid. This will be a base fluid of lubricating viscosity having a chemical structure made up of C, H and O, and characterized by thermal stability at temperatures up to at least about 500 F. In general, the lubricant compositions of this invention will be designed for lubrication of the moving parts of mechanisms operating in temperature ranges of 400 F. to 700 F. A particularly advantageous base fluid for use under these conditions comprises the above-mentioned polyphenyl ethers.
The polyphenyl ethers employed in the compositions of this invention have from 3 to 7 benzene rings and from 1 to 6 oxygen atoms, with the stated oxygen atoms joining the stated benzene rings in chains as ether linkages. One or more of the stated benzene rings in these polyphenyl ethers may be hydrocarbyl substituted. The hydrocarbyl substitutents, for thermal stability, must be free of CH and aliphatic CH, so that preferred aliphatic substituents are lower saturated hydrocarbon radicals (l to 6 carbon atoms) like methyl and tert-butyl, and pre ferred aromatic substituents are aryl radicals like phenyl, t-olyl, t-butylphenyl, and a-cumyl. In the latter case, the benzene ring supplied in the hydrocarbyl substituent contributes to the total number of benzene rings in the molecule. Polyphenyl ethers consisting exclusively of chains of from 3 to 7 benzene rings with at least one oxygen atom joining the stated benzene rings in the chains as an ether linkage have particularly desirable thermal stability.
Exemplary of the polyphenyl ethers containing aliphatic carbon which are suitable for high temperature base fluids are 3-ring polyphenyl ethers like l-(p-methyL phenoxy) 4 phenoxybenzene and 2,4 diphenoxy 1- methylbenzene, 4-ring polyphenyl ethers like bis[p-(prnethylphenoxy)phenyl] ether and bis[p-(p-tert-butylphenoxy)phenyl] ether, and so forth.
Polyphenyl ethers consisting exclusively of benzene rings and including ether oxygen atoms linking said rings are exemplified by the triphenoxy benzenes and arylsubstituted polyphenyl ethers such as biphenylyl phenoxyphenyl ether, biphenylyloxyphenyl phenoxyphenyl ether, biphenylyl ether, dibiphenylyloxybenzene, bis(biphenylyloxyphenyl) ether, and the like.
A preferred class of the polyphenyl ethers are those consisting of benzene rings joined in a chain by oxygen atoms as ether linkages between each ring, of the formula C H O--(C H O) C l-I where n is an integer of from 1 to 5.
Examples of the polyphenyl ethers contemplated in this class are the bis(phenoxyphenyl) ethers (4 benzene rings joined in a chain by 3 oxygen atoms), illustrative of which is bis(m-phenoxyphenyl) ether. The bis (phenoxyphenoxy) benzenes are particularly valuable in the present connection. Illustrative of these are m-bis(rnphenoxyphenoxy)benzene, m bis(p phenoxyphenoxy) benzene, o-bis(o-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene, and so forth. Further, the polyphenyl ethers contemplated herein include the bis(phenoxyphenoxyphenyl) ethers such as bis[rn-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl] ether, bis[p-(p-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl] ether, and m-(m-phenoxyphenoxy) phenyl m-(o-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl ether and the bis(phenoxyphenoxyphenoxy)benzenes such as m-bis[m- 1 (m-phenoxyphenoxy)phenoxy] benzene, p bis[p (mphenoxyphenoxy)phenoxy] benzene and m :bis [m (pphenoxyphenoxy phenoxy] benzene.
The preferred polyphenyl ethers are those having all their ether linkages in the meta-positions since the allmeta-linked ethers are particularly advantageous because of their wide liquid range and high thermal stability. However, mixtures of the polyphenyl ethers, either isomeric mixtures or mixtures of homologous ethers, can also advantageously be used in some applications, especially Where particular properties such as lower solidification points are required. Mixtures of polyphenyl ethers in which the non-terminal phenylene rings are linked through oxygen atoms in the meta and para positions have been found to be particularly suitable to provide compositions with wide liquid ranges. Of the mixtures having only meta and para linkages a preferred polyphenyl ether mixture of this invention is the mixture of bis(phenoxyphenoxy)benzenes wherein the non-terminal phenylene rings are linked through oxygen atoms in the meta and para position, and composed by weight of about 65% m-bis(m-phenoxyphenoxy) benzene, 30% m-[ (m-phenoxyphenoxy) (p-phenoxyphenoxy) ]benzene and 5% m-bis(p-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene. Such a mixture solidifies at below room temperature (that is, below 70 F.) whereas the three components solidify individually at temperatures above normal room temperatures.
The aforesaid polyphenyl ethers can be obtained by known procedures such as, for example, by the Ullmann ether synthesis, by a procedure involving reaction of alkali metal phenoxides such as sodium and potassium phenoxides with aromatic halides such as bromobenzene in the presence of a catalyst such as metallic copper, copper hydroxides or copper salts.
The high temperature, oxygenated carbonaceous base fluids employed in the compositions of this invention may also comprise a synthetic ester base fluid. These are fluids of lubricating viscosity and thermally stable to at least about 400 R, which are esters of alcohols containing at least 4 carbon atoms and which generally contain more than one ester group. They may be esters of polyhydric alcohols, of polybasic acids, or both.
Ester fluids with particularly advantageous low temperature viscosity properties, which flow readily at temperatures as low as 30 F are provided by the diesters of dibasic acids. Ester lubricants of the dibasic acid ester type are illustrated by diesters of long chain dicarboxylic acids like azelaic acid with long-chain branched primary alcohols of the C to C range. The synthetic ester lubricants also frequently include the esters of long chain m-onobasic acids such as pelargonic acid with glycols such as polyethylene glycols. Complex esters are also formed by linking dibasic acid half esters through a glycol such as dipropylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol of 200 molecular weight, and so forth. Permutation and combination of these methods of forming polyester type lubricant fluids have been reported to be valuable and also, it is common practice to achieve desired properties in the ultimate base fluid by blending different polyester products. Simple esters providing suitable fluids can be exemplified, for example, by bis(Z-methylbutyl) sebacate, bis(l methyl-4-ethyloctyl) sebacate, bis(2ethylhexyl) sebacate, dipropylene glycol dipelargonate, the diesters of acids such as sebacic, azelaic and adipic acid with complex C -C primary branched chain alcohols such as those produced by the 0x0 process, polyethylene glycol 200 bis(Z-ethylhexyl sebacate), diisoamyl adipate, 1,6- hexamethylene glycol di(2 ethylhexanoate), bis(dimethylamyl) azelate and so forth.
Ester fluids with particularly good high temperature oxidation resistance are provided by neopentyl polyol esters. The alcohols from which these esters are derived have the carbon structure of neopentane, with a central carbon atom surrounded by 4 substituent carbon atoms. Included in the neopentyl polyols are neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol. Generally, the base fluids comprising neopentyl polyol esters are the esters with monocarboxylic acids. Such esters are generally more oxidatively and thermally stable than the dibasic acid esters. The useful esters of the neopentyl polyols include, for example, the esters of trimethylol propane, neopentyl glycol and pentaerythritol with normal, branched chain and mixed acids having chain lengths varying from C to C Thus, an illustrative series of esters are trimethylolpropane tri-n-pelargonate, trimethylolpropane tricaprate, trimethylolpropane tricaprylate, the trimethylolpropane triester of mixed octanoates, and the like.
For further description of still other ester fluids adapted for use as lubricant base stocks and useful in the provision of the blends of this invention, reference may be made, for example, to the discussion in Gunderson et al., Synthetic Lubricants (Reinhold, 1962).
The base fluid in the present compositions may consist essentially of a polyphenyl ether base fluid alone, or a combination of the polyphenyl ether with a synthetic ester base fluid. The polyphenyl ethers are not generally miscible with other base fluids: they do not dissolve more than about 5% by weight mineral oil, for example. Attempts to blend silicones with the phenyl ether base fluids have shown that only a few of this class of fluids are miscible with the polyphenyl ethers, and then to a limited extent. However, it has been found that the polyphenyl ethers can be combined with other oxygenated carbonaceous base fluids to provide homogenous fluids having advantageous properties.
A deficiency of the polyphenyl ether base fluids having exceptional thermal and oxidative stability, as exemplified by the -bis(phenoxyphenoxy)benzenes discussed above, is lack of fluidity at low temperatures. The fluid range of these materials is unusually wide, encompassing the range from below 100 F. to above 800 F. However, the pour point of certain of these particularly stable fluids is above F., whereas for lubricant use, for example, ability to flow down to temperature climate winter temperatures such as 0 F. is desirable. It has been found that compositions comprising combinations of ester base fluids and the polyphenyl ethers can be provided which have the desired fluidity at low temperatures.
The lubricant fluids which have been found to blend with the phenyl ethers of good thermal and oxidative stability include various esters. It is particularly desirable to provide blends having thermal and oxidative stability at least approaching the stability of the polyphenyl ethers. In this connection, especially valuable base fluids have been found to be provided by combinations of a polyphenyl ether with a neopentyl alcohol ester. These compositions possess both fluidity at low temperature and stability at elevated temperatures.
The preferred polyphenyl ethers for use in this connection are the bis(phenoxyphenoxy)benzenes, of the composition C H O-(C H O-) -C H where each C H is a phenyl and each C H is a phenylene radical. Those with the ether linkages between benzene rings in meta positions, partly or wholly, are especially preferred. The stated neopentyl esters are esters of neopentyl alcohols such as pentaerythritol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane and neopentyl glycol with straight chain, branched chain and mixed C C acids such as n-heptanoic and neoheptanoic acid.
Compositions of the stated valuable nature are pro vided by combining 2575 weight percent of the ester base fluids with 7525 weight percent of the polyphenyl ethers.
Referring to the additives combined with the abovedescribed base fluids in accordance with this invention, these are aryl Group V element sulfides of the formula where Ar is an aryl radical, V is a Group V element, X is selected from aryl radicals and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, and Y is selected from aryl radicals and chlorine radicals. The Group V elements particularly contemplated in this connection are P and Sb. The term aryl is used here to designate radicals including a cyclic nucleus having the resonating bond system characteristic of the benzene nucleus and bonded by a ring carbon atom of said cyclic nucleus to the Group V element. The said radicals may be hydrocarbon or may include the elements 0, S and N as hetero atoms, as part of an aryl ring nucleus or, in the case of oxygen, as a linking ether group between aryl nuclei. Aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals in the stated compounds, for high temperature stability, must conform to the description stated above in connection with description of the alkyl polyphenyl ethers, that is, be free of CH and aliphatic CH. Thus the aliphatic substituents on the Group V element or on the stated aryl radicals should be lower saturated hydrocarbon radicals (1 to 6 carbon atoms) like methyl and tertbutyl.
Illustrative of the triarylphosphine sulfide presently contemplated are (for nomenclature, see C & E News, 30 (1952) 4515) triphenylphosphine sulfide, tritolylphosphine sulfide, trinaphthylphosphine sulfide, anthracyldiphenylphosphine sulfide, tripyridylphosphine sulfide, tripicolinylphosphine sulfide, tripyridazinylphosphine sulfide, tribenzofurylphosphine sulfide, tribenzothienylphosphine sulfide, tri-p-biphenylylphosphine sulfide, tris(phenoxyphenyl)phosphine sulfide, and the like.
The phosphine sulfides which contain mixed functions may be illustrated by dimethylphenylphosphine sulfide, methyldiphenylphosphine sulfide, t-butyldiphenylphosphine sulfide, bis(phenoxyphenyl)methylphosphine sulfide, methyldipyridylphosphine sulfide, diphenylphosphinothioic chloride, ditolylp'hosphinothioic chloride, phenylmethyh phosphinothioic chloride, phenyl-t-butylphosphinothioic chloride, methylnaphthylphosphinothioic chloride, methyl- (phenoxyphenyl) phosphinothioic chloride, methylpyridylphosphinot'hioic chloride, methylbiphenylylphosphinothioic chloride, t-butyl(phenoxyphenyl)phosphinothioic chloride, t-butylphenyl-2,3-mesitylphosphinothioic chloride and the like.
Further illustrating the presently contemplated additives are the corresponding compounds of antimony, includ ing, for example, (nomenclature paralleling above rules), triphenylstibine sulfide, tribiphenylylstibine sulfide, tris- (phenoxyphenyl)stibine sulfide, tripyridylstibine sulfide, tribenzofurylstibine sulfide, phenyldinaphthylstibine sulfide, methyldiphenylstibine sulfide, methyldibiphenylylstibine sulfide, t-butyldiphenylstibine sulfide, t-butyldibenzothienylstibine sulfide, phenylmethylstibinothioic chloride, t-butyltolylstibinothioic chloride, methylnaphthylstibinothioic chloride, methylbiphenylylstibinothioic chloride, methylpryridylstibinothioic chloride, methylqui" olinylstibinothioic chloride and the like The compounds employed in accordance with this invention as additives have a general lubricity-improving effect on the polyphenyl ether base fluids. The aryl phosphine sulfides are characterized particularly by wearreducing efiects which are most pronounced at higher temperatures, in the range where the polyphenyl ether base fluids are of particular value. This kind of compound also has unusually high solubility in the base fluid. The class of aryl phosphinothioic chlorides is especially characterized by beneficial effects on the general lubricity characteristics representing the combined effects of increase in load-carrying ability and decrease in Wear. The antimony compounds contemplated as additives herein have the unusual property of maintaining wear substantially constant at a low value throughout a broad temperature range, whereas the wear-reducing properties of active additives in the polyphenyl ether base fluids are generally temperature-dependent. Additionally, the presently employed antimony compounds are the preferred class for reducing susceptibility of the base fluids to oxidative degradation, and in this connection also, they maintain viscosity increase due to high temperature oxidation at a constant value, independent of the presence or absence of metallic surfaces, which affects and changes the oxidation stability of the additive-free fluid.
The aryl Group V element sulfide is combined with the polyphenyl ether base fluid to the extent of generally, between about 0.01% and 10% by weight of the fluid. Particular effective amounts depend on the nature of the individual additive and of the ether fluid. In most cases the ability of the agent with respect to extreme pressure lubrication improvement increases as the concentration is increased, whereas lowering the concentration sometimes enhances antioxidant effects. For purposes of supplying additive concentrates, adapted for convenient formulation of finished lubricant compositions, useful compositions may comprise up to about a 1:1 weight ratio of the additives of this invention and the polyphenyl ether base fluid.
It will be appreciated that the compositions of this invention, in addition to the polyphenyl ether base fluid and the aryl Group V element sulfide may additionally include any of a Wide variety of further additives. For example, these may include sludge inhibitors and detergents such as the oil-soluble petroleum sulfonates, to loosen and suspend products of decomposition and counteract their effect. Other agents such as viscosity index improvers, as exemplified by alkyl methacrylate polymers, pour point depressants, oiliness agents, and so fourth, may also be present in these compositions if desired.
The invention is illustrated but not limited by the following examples, in which the tests employed to determine the reported adjuvant effects of the additive compounds when employed with the polyphenyl ether lubricant base fluid are conducted as follows:
The antiwear and extreme pressure lubrication characteristics of the lubricant compositions are evaluated by means of the well known Shell 4-Ball Extreme Pressure Tester and the Shell 4-Ball Wear Machine, as described, for example, in the Lubrication Engineers Manual (US. Steel Corp., 1960). These testers include 4 balls of stainless steel arranged in the form of an equilateral tetrahedron. The three lower balls are held immovably clamped in a holder to form a cradle in which the fourth upper ball is caused to rotate at 1200-1800 r.p.m. about a vertical axis in contact with the three lower stationary balls. The contacting surfaces of the balls are immersed in the test fluid which is held in a cup surrounding the assembly. A modified cup and heater assembly is used to evaluate lubricants at elevated temperatures and provisions are made to permit high temperature testing under an inert atmosphere: see the The Study of Lubrication Using the 4-Ball Type Machine by R. G. Larsen, Lubrication Engineering, 1, 35-43, 59 (Aug. 1945).
For determination of the extreme pressure properties in the 4-Ball EP tester, the upper ball is rotated while the load is gradually increased by increments of 10 kg. until the balls are welded together in a 1-minute test period.
For measurement of wear in the wear machine, the upper ball is rotated under a load of 40 kg. for one hour at each of the temperatures for which wear scar diameters worn in the surface of the three lower stationary balls are reported.
Additionally, present compositions have been submitted to the Falex antiweld test: see the articles by V. A. Ryan in Lubrication Engineering, September 1946, and by S. Kyropoulos in Refiner Natural Gasoline Manufacturer, vol. 18, pages 32024 (1939), and Amer. Soc. Test. Matls. D2, Section V, Tech. K. A steel journal pin is rotated by a driving shaft at 290 rpm. in jaws (V- bearing steel blocks) through which a constantly increasing load is applied, with ratchet means maintaining contact with the journal pin as it wears down during the test while the assembly is immersed in the lubricant. The load at failure due either to seizure or to Wear at a rate faster than the load-increasing rate is recorded.
For determination of the antioxidant affect of the presently employed additives, air is bubbled through heated samples for 24 hours at a rate of 1 liter per hour of air, in the presence and absence of Fe, Cu, Al and Ag wires. The percent change in viscosity (at 100 F.) from before to after oxidation is an index of antioxidant activity.
Example 1 This example illustrates the improvement in lubricity characteristics obtained with the polyphenyl ethers by addition of an aryl phosphine sulfide thereto.
A lubricant composition is prepared by adding triphenylphosphine sulfide to a polyphenyl ether base fluid having the following composition:
65% m-bis(m-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene,
30% m-[ (m-phenoxyphenoxy) (p-phenoxyphenoxy) Jbenzene,
5% p-bis(p-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene,
in a proportion of 4 grams (g.) of the sulfide to 100 g. of the base fluid (a concentration of 4% by weight).
Employing the above-described Shell 4-ball tester, extreme pressure and antiwear characteristics of the lubricant composition including the additive, and of the base 8 fluid in the absence of the additive are determined. The results obtained are as follows:
Wear Sear Weld Diameter, mm. Point, kg.
With additive 240 1. 21 0. 93 Without additive 2. l2 3. 05
Example 2 Wear Scar Weld Diameter, mm. Point, kg.
With additive 270 1 l9 1. 07 Without additive 1.82 2. 92
Example 3 This example further illustrates properties of the compositions of the invention comprising an aryl phosphinethioic chloride.
The lubricant composition prepared by combining methylphenylphosphinothioic chloride with a polyphenyl ether base fluid as set forth in Example 2 is subjected to the Falex test, which is described above, whereby the combined effect of extreme pressure and antiwear properties is measured. The minimum test value on this machine is about 500, and the polyphenyl base fluid by itself usually gives values in the test of between 500 and 1000. The maximum possible reading on the machine is 4500. Employing the above-described composition, in duplicate runs, the readings obtained are about 4000.
Example 4 Weld Wear Scar Diameter, mm Point, kg.
167 F. 400 F. 600 F.
With additive 210 1. 07 1. 05 O. 80 Without additive 150 l. 82 1. 17 2. 92
Example 5 This example provides an illustration of the improved oxidation stability of compositions of this invention as compared to the base fluid in the absence of additive.
The additive-containing lubricant composition described in Example 4, containing 1% triphenylstibine sulfide, is subjected to the above-described oxidation-corrosion test,
conducted with and without the presence of Wires of Fe, Ag, Cu and Al. Whereas the polyphenyl ether base fluid without additives suffers a 45% increase in viscosity in the absence of the wires, and 60% in their presence, the composition including the antimony sulfide compound undergoes only about a 20% viscosity increase in the same length of time, and the presence or absence of the metals does not afiect its oxidation stability.
Example 6 This example illustrates compositions including the present additives and base stocks consisting of blends of a polyphenyl ether base fluid and a polyester base fluid.
A blended base stock having a pour point below F. is .prepared by combining a polyphenyl ether base stock consisting of the mixture of 'bis(phenoxyphenoxy)benzenes described in the above examples and a trimethylolpropane tri-n-heptanoate ester, in the ratio of 55% by weight of the polyphenyl ether to 45 of the ester base stock. This blend has a 100 F. viscosity of about 50 centistokes (cs.), which is approximately doubled by exposure to an air flow of one liter per hour for 24 hours at 500 F. in the presence of Al, Cu, Ag and Fe wires.
A composition prepared by combining this blend with triphenylstibine sulfide, in a ratio of 1.0 g. of the sulfide per 100 g. of the blend, undergoes only about a 40% increase in viscosity (initial 100 F. viscosity, 45 cs.; aftertest viscosity, 62 cs.) under the same conditions.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it is to be appreciated that modifications and variations can be made Without departing from the scope of the invention, which is limited only as defined in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A lubricant composition consisting essentially of a base fluid comprising a polyphenyl ether and an adjuvant amount of a lubricity improving compound, said polyphenyl ether containing from 3 to 7 benzene rings joined by oxygen as ether linkages and said compound being an aryl Group V element sulfide of the formula where Ar is an aryl radical, V' is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus and antimony, X is a radical selected from the class consisting of aryl and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, and Y is a radical selected from the class consisting of aryl hydrocarbon radicals and chlorine radicals.
2. The composition of claim 1 in which the base fluid contains an ester blended with the polyphenyl ether, said ester being selected from the class consisting of diesters of alkanoic acids of from 4 to 14 carbon atoms with alkanols of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms; diesters of alkanoic acids of from 4 to 14 carbon atoms with polyalkylene glycols of molecular weight up to 200 in which the alkylene group has from 2 to 3 carbon atoms; and esters of mopentyl polyols with alkanoic acids of from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the Group V element of said aryl Group V element sulfiide is phosphorus.
4. The composition of claim 3 wherein said phosphorus sulfide is an aryl phosphine sulfide.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein said aryl phosphine sulfide is triphenylphosphine sulfide.
6. The composition of claim 3 wherein said phosphorus sulfide is an aryl phosphinothioic chloride.
7. The composition of claim 6 wherein said aryl phosphinothioic chloride is methylphenylphosphinothioic chloride.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the Group V element of said aryl Group V element sulfide is antimony.
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein said antimony sulfide is an aryl stibine sulfide,
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein said aryl s-tibine sulfide is triphenylstibine sulfide.
11. The composition of claim 1 in which the base fluid consists essentially of a poylphenyl ether.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,138,835 12/1938 Butz 252466 2,993,929 7/1961 Rattenbury 260 543 3,169,925 2/1965 Mahoney 25249.8
DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner.
I. MCBRIDE, L. G. XIARHOS, Assistant Examiners,
Claims (1)
1. A LUBRICANT COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A BASE FLUID COMPRISING A POLYPHENYL ETHER AND AN ADJUVANT AMOUNT OF A LUBRICITY IMPROVING COMPOUND, SAID POLYPHENYL ETHER CONTAINING FROM 3 TO 7 BENZENE RINGS JOINED BY OXYGEN AS ETHER LINKAGES AND SAID COMPOUND BEING AN ARYL GROUP V ELEMENT SULFIDE OF THE FORMULA
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1053062D GB1053062A (en) | 1963-04-30 | ||
US277021A US3274107A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Lubricant composition containing a sulfide |
US276992A US3231499A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Polyphenyl ether blends |
US277020A US3231497A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Polyphenyl ether blends |
US276976A US3189548A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Polyphenyl ethers containing an extreme pressure additive |
BE647154D BE647154A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1964-04-27 | |
CH555964A CH450599A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1964-04-28 | Composition with lubricating properties |
NL6404793A NL6404793A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1964-04-29 | |
DE19641594482 DE1594482A1 (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1964-04-29 | Polyphenyl ether mixtures |
SE5381/64A SE309817B (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1964-04-29 | |
FR972832A FR1398990A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1964-04-29 | Blends of polyphenyl ethers |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US277021A US3274107A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Lubricant composition containing a sulfide |
US276992A US3231499A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Polyphenyl ether blends |
US277020A US3231497A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Polyphenyl ether blends |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3274107A true US3274107A (en) | 1966-09-20 |
Family
ID=27402861
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US276992A Expired - Lifetime US3231499A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Polyphenyl ether blends |
US277020A Expired - Lifetime US3231497A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Polyphenyl ether blends |
US277021A Expired - Lifetime US3274107A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Lubricant composition containing a sulfide |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US276992A Expired - Lifetime US3231499A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Polyphenyl ether blends |
US277020A Expired - Lifetime US3231497A (en) | 1963-04-30 | 1963-04-30 | Polyphenyl ether blends |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US3231499A (en) |
BE (1) | BE647154A (en) |
CH (1) | CH450599A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1594482A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1053062A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6404793A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3492229A (en) * | 1966-08-26 | 1970-01-27 | Monsanto Co | Functional fluid compositions |
US4032462A (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1977-06-28 | Chevron Research Company | Lubricating oil additive composition |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1047306A (en) * | 1963-08-07 | |||
US3409552A (en) * | 1964-04-01 | 1968-11-05 | Chevron Res | Alkyl aryl ether polymers in lubricants |
US3412028A (en) * | 1966-12-13 | 1968-11-19 | Texaco Inc | Synthetic ester base lubricating composition containing a copper or cobalt acetylacetonate |
US3455846A (en) * | 1966-12-29 | 1969-07-15 | Monsanto Co | Lubricant compositions |
US3773665A (en) * | 1971-11-17 | 1973-11-20 | Mobil Oil Corp | Lubricants containing amine antioxidants |
US4256596A (en) * | 1978-08-07 | 1981-03-17 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Oxidatively coupled hydroxyaromatic compounds and fuels and lubricants containing them |
JPS59100197A (en) * | 1982-12-01 | 1984-06-09 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | Radiation-resistant oil |
DE3444884A1 (en) * | 1984-12-08 | 1986-06-12 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | STABILIZED LUBRICANTS BASED ON POLYETHERS |
US4770802A (en) * | 1986-02-04 | 1988-09-13 | Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. | Lubricating oil compositions |
JPS62277494A (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1987-12-02 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | Grease having extremely high resistance to radiation |
US5366648A (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1994-11-22 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Functional fluids useful at high temperatures |
US7888435B2 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2011-02-15 | Hybrid Plastics, Inc. | Process for continuous production of olefin polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane cages |
US7723415B2 (en) | 1999-08-04 | 2010-05-25 | Hybrid Plastics, Inc. | POSS nanostructured chemicals as dispersion aids and friction reducing agents |
US7485692B2 (en) | 1999-08-04 | 2009-02-03 | Hybrid Plastics, Inc. | Process for assembly of POSS monomers |
US20060194919A1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2006-08-31 | Lichtenhan Joseph D | Porosity control with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes |
US6933345B1 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2005-08-23 | Hybrid Plastics, Llp | Reactive grafting and compatibilization of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes |
US7553904B2 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2009-06-30 | Hybrid Plastics, Inc. | High use temperature nanocomposite resins |
US6972312B1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2005-12-06 | Hybrid Plastics Llc | Process for the formation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes |
US7638195B2 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2009-12-29 | Hybrid Plastics, Inc. | Surface modification with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes silanols |
US7217683B1 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2007-05-15 | Blanski Rusty L | Lubrication via nanoscopic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes |
US20090085011A1 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2009-04-02 | Lichtenhan Joseph D | Neutron shielding composition |
US9644127B2 (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2017-05-09 | Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Heating medium composition for solar thermal power generation system |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2138835A (en) * | 1936-06-01 | 1938-12-06 | Atlantic Refining Co | Lubricant |
US2993929A (en) * | 1957-05-14 | 1961-07-25 | Victor Chemical Works | Process for preparing phosphonothioic chlorides and phosphinothioic chlorides and newproducts produced by said process |
US3169925A (en) * | 1961-06-26 | 1965-02-16 | Shell Oil Co | High temperature lubricants and phosphorus containing polymers |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA529741A (en) * | 1956-08-28 | L. Walters Ernest | Stabilized synthetic lubricant | |
NL44160C (en) * | 1935-04-11 | |||
US2647824A (en) * | 1949-01-26 | 1953-08-04 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Stabilized compositions containing hydrogenated quinolines with oxidation inhibitors |
US2551786A (en) * | 1949-04-28 | 1951-05-08 | Du Pont | Stabilization of organic substances |
US2795550A (en) * | 1954-06-29 | 1957-06-11 | California Research Corp | Lubricating oil compositions |
BE545735A (en) * | 1955-03-04 | |||
US2929786A (en) * | 1956-05-18 | 1960-03-22 | Sinclair Refining Co | Synthetic lubricating oil composition |
US2957022A (en) * | 1957-04-30 | 1960-10-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Esters of cyclopentane-1, 3-dicarboxylic acid |
US3080321A (en) * | 1957-08-09 | 1963-03-05 | Monsanto Chemicals | Isomeric mixtures of diphenoxy-, ditoloxy-, and phenoxytoloxybenzenes as functional fluids |
US3006852A (en) * | 1957-12-09 | 1961-10-31 | Shell Oil Co | Lubricating compositions and process of lubrication utilizing certain polyoxyphenylene compounds |
BE576233A (en) * | 1958-02-28 | |||
US2940929A (en) * | 1958-06-26 | 1960-06-14 | Shell Oil Co | High-temperature lubricants |
US3048608A (en) * | 1959-03-18 | 1962-08-07 | Heyden Newport Chemical Corp | Neopentyl glycol esters |
US3099682A (en) * | 1959-12-24 | 1963-07-30 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Preparation, treatment and storage, under a nitrogen blanket, of the diesters of dicarboxylic acids and oxo alcohols |
-
0
- GB GB1053062D patent/GB1053062A/en active Active
-
1963
- 1963-04-30 US US276992A patent/US3231499A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-04-30 US US277020A patent/US3231497A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-04-30 US US277021A patent/US3274107A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-04-27 BE BE647154D patent/BE647154A/xx unknown
- 1964-04-28 CH CH555964A patent/CH450599A/en unknown
- 1964-04-29 DE DE19641594482 patent/DE1594482A1/en active Pending
- 1964-04-29 NL NL6404793A patent/NL6404793A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2138835A (en) * | 1936-06-01 | 1938-12-06 | Atlantic Refining Co | Lubricant |
US2993929A (en) * | 1957-05-14 | 1961-07-25 | Victor Chemical Works | Process for preparing phosphonothioic chlorides and phosphinothioic chlorides and newproducts produced by said process |
US3169925A (en) * | 1961-06-26 | 1965-02-16 | Shell Oil Co | High temperature lubricants and phosphorus containing polymers |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3492229A (en) * | 1966-08-26 | 1970-01-27 | Monsanto Co | Functional fluid compositions |
US4032462A (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1977-06-28 | Chevron Research Company | Lubricating oil additive composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3231499A (en) | 1966-01-25 |
BE647154A (en) | 1964-08-17 |
NL6404793A (en) | 1964-11-02 |
US3231497A (en) | 1966-01-25 |
DE1594482A1 (en) | 1971-06-09 |
GB1053062A (en) | |
CH450599A (en) | 1968-01-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3274107A (en) | Lubricant composition containing a sulfide | |
USRE23979E (en) | Lubricant composition containing dialkyl | |
US4175046A (en) | Synthetic lubricant | |
US3180832A (en) | Oil compositions containing anti-wear additives | |
US3752764A (en) | Functional fluid compositions | |
US3790478A (en) | Synthetic lubricant for aero gas turbines | |
US3914179A (en) | Synthetic lubricants for aero gas turbines | |
US4507214A (en) | Rare earth halide grease compositions | |
US3535243A (en) | Stable synthetic ester lubricant compositions | |
US3115466A (en) | Synergistic antioxidants | |
US2614990A (en) | Lubricating composition of matter | |
US3134737A (en) | Novel titanium compound and lubricating composition containing said compound | |
US3296136A (en) | Lubricant compositions of improved oxidation resistance | |
US3256188A (en) | Oil-soluble metal halide complexes and improved lubricating oil compositions containing same | |
US4873008A (en) | Jojoba oil and jojoba oil derivative lubricant compositions | |
US3492229A (en) | Functional fluid compositions | |
JPH01131300A (en) | Jojoba oil and jojoba oil derivative lubricant composition | |
EP0103884A2 (en) | Synthetic transmission lubricant composition | |
US3226323A (en) | Lubricant composition containing a haloalkanoic compound | |
US3236773A (en) | Lubricant composition containing a metal compound | |
US3681247A (en) | Lubricant composition | |
US2902450A (en) | Lubricating oil composition | |
US3242081A (en) | Lubricating compositions | |
US3206401A (en) | Lubricating oil compositions containing ester of mercapto acid and a phosphonate | |
US3249543A (en) | Lubricant composition containing a rhodanine compound |