US3859504A - Moisture resistant panel heater - Google Patents

Moisture resistant panel heater Download PDF

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Publication number
US3859504A
US3859504A US348786A US34878673A US3859504A US 3859504 A US3859504 A US 3859504A US 348786 A US348786 A US 348786A US 34878673 A US34878673 A US 34878673A US 3859504 A US3859504 A US 3859504A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
polyethylene
laminated
panel heater
layers
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US348786A
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English (en)
Inventor
Yutaka Motokawa
Masaharu Fukushima
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Kureha Corp
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Kureha Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kureha Corp filed Critical Kureha Corp
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Publication of US3859504A publication Critical patent/US3859504A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
    • A61B6/0407—Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body
    • A61B6/045—Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body with heating or cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/30—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material on or between metallic plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
    • B32B2311/24—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate

Definitions

  • a panel heater comprising a heat-generating element [52] CI 4 4 5 formed of a sheet of carbon fiber-containing paper I 3 8/212 33 ,25 3 B g 28 and electrodes at ,both ends, layers ofa synthetic resin g i and then aluminum foils laminated successively 0n [5 1 g both surfaces of said sheet of paper, and sheets of a 3 lzlz 3 3 synthetic resin further laminated on both surfaces of 219/528 541 the aluminum foils. Electricity can be passed to the electrodes of the heat-generating element with good [56] References CIted insulation.
  • This invention relates to a panel heater for use in water or in a wet condition, especially in a fish tank for 2. Description of the Prior Art The panel heater for such purposes must meet a number of requirements, among which are;
  • the size of the heater should be moderate and easy to withdraw from the tank.
  • the conventional underwater heater which has a metal surface-has a high watt density and a surface temperature of more than 200C, and its temperature gradient in a water tank is steep.,Therefore, it is unsuitable for fish culture. Furthermore, the metal coating on the surface is especially heavily corroded in a fish tank for sea fish, and can be used only for a short duration of time.
  • the heaters of this type are connected in water to an alternating current source, the worker standing on the ground feels leaked current when putting his hand into the water, although the leakage does not affect the fish in the tank.
  • the leaked current should be less than 1 mA.
  • the maximum area of the panel heater should be restricted to 700cm and its output should be adjusted to less than 140 W. With such a panel heater, it is impossible to maintain a water tank having a capacity of 300 to 500 liters at a moderate temperature of to 28C.
  • the present invention Provides a panel heater containing a carbon fiber-containing paper as a heating element, which is free from the above-mentioned defects as an underwater heater.
  • the main object of this invention is to provide an underwater heater for maintaining a fish tank for sea fish culture at a moderate temperature, which is safe and usable for prolonged periods of time, that is, to reduce leakage of current by incorporating aluminum foil in a panel heater, and to prevent a change of the resistance of the heating element with the passage of time.
  • Still another object is to prevent the leakage of current at the current passing part of a panel heater.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the structure ofa moisture resistant panel heater of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the panel heater shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partly sectional plan view showing the current passing part of the panel heater of this invention.
  • a panel heater consisting of a heating element 1, layers 2 and 2' of a synthetic resin such as polyethylene, aluminum foils 3 and 3', layers 4 and 4' of the above-mentioned synthetic resin, outer layers 5 and 5 of a synthetic resin such as a polyester, electrodes 6 and 6, and conducting wires 7 and 7' for passing electricity.
  • the heating element 1 consisting of a sheet of carbon fiber-containing paper and electrodes 6 and 6 made, for example, of a copper wire gauze I connected to both ends of the paper sheet are laminated the synthetic resin layers 2 and 2.
  • the aluminum foils 3 and 3' are then laminated. Furthermore, on both surfaces of the.
  • the heating element 1 is adapted to be heated by passing electricity through the electrodes 6 and 6.
  • the panel heater when used in water or in a wet condition, it is necessary to take measures for preventing current leakage at terminals leading to the heating element in water or in a wet condition, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • An extension of the electrode 6 of the panel heater is soldered to a core 10 of an exteriorly insulated conductor, and a polyethylene insulating layer ll of the conductor is laminated by hot pressing to the polyethylene layer2 and 2 which is an interlayer of the synthetic resinportion of the above-heating element.
  • a part of a polyvinyl chloride sheath 8 of the conductor is brought into contact with the edge 12 of the above laminated synthetic resin Sand 5, and then, both of them are wrapped in contact with each other in a cloth, such as a felt or flannel I3, impregnated with an epoxy resin, and by curing the epoxy resin the, terminal portions of thepanel heater are completed.
  • the impermeability of the aluminum foils serves to avoid an increase in the resistance of the carbon fiber-containing paper, and hence a decrease inoutput. Furthermore, the presence of the aluminum foils contributes to the reduction of leaked current to about one-third as compared with a panel heater which does not include aluminum foils. Thus, the area of the panel heater can be increased by about three times.
  • the panel heater of this invention produces output suitable for a given fish culture tank, and is free from current leakage and corrosion by sea water. It also prevents changes in the resistance of the heating element with the passage of time, and also burning of the outer layer during heat generation in air. It is flexible and can be formed into any desired shape, and moreover, a suitable temperature gradient in the fish tank can be provided by its suitable surface temperature. Thus, the panel heater of this invention can be effectively used with safety not only in water but also ina wet environment. v
  • a moisture resistant panel heater comprising a heating element consisting of a carbon fiber-containing paper sheet and electrodes on two opposite ends thereof, a layer of polyethylene laminated to both surfaces of said heating element, a layer of aluminum foil laminated to both outer surfaces of the polyethylene layers, sheets of a synthetic resin laminated to both outer surfaces of said aluminum foils, and further comprising extended portions of said electrodes soldered to a core of an insulated conductor having a polyethylene vlaminated to both outer surfaces of the polyethylene layers, .a polyethylene layer laminated to both outer surfaces of said aluminum foils, and polyester sheets laminated to both outer surfaces of the last-mentioned polyethylene layers, and further comprising extended portions of said electrodes soldered to a core of an insulated conductor having a polyethylene insulating layer and an outer sheath, said polyethylene insulating layer of said conductor being melt-bonded to said firstmentioned polyethylene layers, and a felt impregnated insulating layer and an outer sheath, said polyethylene insulating

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
US348786A 1972-04-06 1973-04-06 Moisture resistant panel heater Expired - Lifetime US3859504A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47034698A JPS5110892B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-04-06 1972-04-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3859504A true US3859504A (en) 1975-01-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US348786A Expired - Lifetime US3859504A (en) 1972-04-06 1973-04-06 Moisture resistant panel heater

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3859504A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5110892B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2316707C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1420812A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (52)

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US4119836A (en) * 1975-11-26 1978-10-10 Kakogawa Plastics Kabushiki Kaisha Heat-controlled doctor knife
WO1979000705A1 (en) * 1978-03-03 1979-09-20 Delphic Res Labor Solid state electrically conductive laminate
FR2443125A1 (fr) * 1978-12-01 1980-06-27 Raychem Corp Dispositifs ptc comprenant des barrieres contre l'oxygene
US4242573A (en) * 1979-01-24 1980-12-30 Raychem Corporation Water immersible heater
EP0030479A1 (en) * 1979-12-11 1981-06-17 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a California corporation) Conductive element and process for making the same
US4314231A (en) * 1980-04-21 1982-02-02 Raychem Corporation Conductive polymer electrical devices
US4425497A (en) 1979-08-17 1984-01-10 Raychem Corporation PTC Heater assembly
US4429216A (en) 1979-12-11 1984-01-31 Raychem Corporation Conductive element
US4442139A (en) * 1979-12-11 1984-04-10 Raychem Corporation Elements comprising fibrous materials
US4471212A (en) * 1981-12-21 1984-09-11 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Light weight thin buckle-resistant ceiling heating panel
US4534886A (en) * 1981-01-15 1985-08-13 International Paper Company Non-woven heating element
US4547659A (en) * 1979-08-17 1985-10-15 Raychem Corporation PTC Heater assembly
US4560428A (en) * 1984-08-20 1985-12-24 Rockwell International Corporation System and method for producing cured composites
US4673801A (en) * 1979-08-17 1987-06-16 Raychem Corporation PTC heater assembly
US4719335A (en) * 1984-01-23 1988-01-12 Raychem Corporation Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions
US4761541A (en) * 1984-01-23 1988-08-02 Raychem Corporation Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions
US4777351A (en) * 1984-09-14 1988-10-11 Raychem Corporation Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions
EP0223444A3 (en) * 1985-10-28 1989-02-22 COLLINS & AIKMAN CORPORATION Electrical heating pad with antistatic surface
WO1991011891A1 (en) * 1990-01-24 1991-08-08 Hastings Otis Electrically conductive laminate for temperature control of surfaces
US5138134A (en) * 1984-02-10 1992-08-11 Ellison Mearl E Decorative wall hanging heater
US5155800A (en) * 1991-02-27 1992-10-13 Process Technology Inc. Panel heater assembly for use in a corrosive environment and method of manufacturing the heater
US5451351A (en) * 1991-09-13 1995-09-19 Composite Components, Inc. Method for rehabilitating a pipe with a liner having an electrically conductive layer
US5605418A (en) * 1992-02-28 1997-02-25 Taisei Home Engineering Kabushiki Kaisha Road snow melting system using a surface heating element
US5925275A (en) * 1993-11-30 1999-07-20 Alliedsignal, Inc. Electrically conductive composite heater and method of manufacture
US5932124A (en) * 1996-04-19 1999-08-03 Thermion Systems International Method for heating a solid surface such as a floor, wall, or countertop surface
US5954977A (en) * 1996-04-19 1999-09-21 Thermion Systems International Method for preventing biofouling in aquatic environments
US5966501A (en) * 1996-04-19 1999-10-12 Themion Systems International Method for controlling the viscosity of a fluid in a defined volume
US5981911A (en) * 1996-04-19 1999-11-09 Thermicon Systems International Method for heating the surface of a food receptacle
US6004418A (en) * 1997-10-28 1999-12-21 Lear Corporation Method of joining a cover material to a substrate utilizing electrically conductive bonding
US6018141A (en) * 1996-04-19 2000-01-25 Thermion Systems International Method for heating a tooling die
US6145787A (en) * 1997-05-20 2000-11-14 Thermion Systems International Device and method for heating and deicing wind energy turbine blades
RU2177211C1 (ru) * 2000-07-18 2001-12-20 Халина Татьяна Михайловна Гибкий композиционный электрообогреватель
US20020038801A1 (en) * 2000-08-18 2002-04-04 Keith Laken Formable thermoplastic laminate heating tray assembly suitable for heating frozen food
US6420682B1 (en) * 1999-11-03 2002-07-16 Newhome Bath & Mirror, Inc. Fogless mirror for a bathroom shower and bathtub surround
US6432344B1 (en) 1994-12-29 2002-08-13 Watlow Polymer Technology Method of making an improved polymeric immersion heating element with skeletal support and optional heat transfer fins
US6483087B2 (en) 1999-12-10 2002-11-19 Thermion Systems International Thermoplastic laminate fabric heater and methods for making same
US6516142B2 (en) 2001-01-08 2003-02-04 Watlow Polymer Technologies Internal heating element for pipes and tubes
US20030136078A1 (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-07-24 Hugo Brown Thermal insulation
US20040056020A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-03-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heated patient positioning device for a medical apparatus
US6748646B2 (en) 2000-04-07 2004-06-15 Watlow Polymer Technologies Method of manufacturing a molded heating element assembly
US20040257656A1 (en) * 2003-04-09 2004-12-23 Sellgren Reid C. Fogless mirror
US20050098684A1 (en) * 2003-03-14 2005-05-12 Watlow Polymer Technologies Polymer-encapsulated heating elements for controlling the temperature of an aircraft compartment
US20060186110A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-24 Mark Campello Electric heater with resistive carbon heating elements
US20070172215A1 (en) * 2006-01-20 2007-07-26 Charves Chang Far infrared heater
US20070181565A1 (en) * 2006-01-11 2007-08-09 Ichikoh Industries, Ltd. Parts for vehicles and line heater unit for snow-melting structure part thereof
US20090036015A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Conductive Webs
US20090036850A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Davis-Dang Nhan Sensor products using conductive webs
US20090036012A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide,Inc. Conductive webs
US20090294435A1 (en) * 2008-05-29 2009-12-03 Davis-Dang Hoang Nhan Heating Articles Using Conductive Webs
US20090321238A1 (en) * 2008-05-29 2009-12-31 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Conductive Webs Containing Electrical Pathways and Method For Making Same
US20100155006A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-06-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Conductive Webs and Process For Making Same
US9327923B1 (en) 2014-11-17 2016-05-03 Quintin S. Marx Portable heated ramp and method

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JPS5169152U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-11-28 1976-06-01
JPS51106248A (ja) * 1975-03-15 1976-09-21 Daiko Kk Katoseimenjohatsunetsutai
JPS5334151A (en) * 1976-09-12 1978-03-30 Chieko Suma Plane heater control heater
JPS5336043A (en) * 1976-09-16 1978-04-04 Chieko Suma Flexible plane heating control heater
JPS5615754Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-02-01 1981-04-13
JPS5869533A (ja) * 1981-10-21 1983-04-25 株式会社精工舎 聴診器
DE3143520A1 (de) * 1981-11-03 1983-05-19 Gerhard 6971 Großrinderfeld Wenz "flaechenheizelement"
EP0176284B1 (en) * 1984-09-14 1992-04-01 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) Electrical contact between metals of different resistivities
FR2578377B1 (fr) * 1984-12-26 1988-07-01 Aerospatiale Element chauffant de dispositif de degivrage d'une structure alaire, dispositif et son procede d'obtention
SE458083B (sv) * 1985-05-07 1989-02-20 Lg Innovations Ab Elradiator och anvaendning av densamma
DE3635286A1 (de) * 1986-10-16 1988-04-21 Lentia Gmbh Flaechenheizelement und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
GB9318563D0 (en) * 1993-09-07 1993-10-20 Splintex Belge Sa A laminated glazing assembly and a method and apparatus for forming such an assembly
JP2709260B2 (ja) * 1993-10-15 1998-02-04 株式会社ダイリン商事 遠赤外線輻射方法
DE19626794A1 (de) * 1996-07-03 1998-01-08 Genova Deutschland Gmbh & Co K Widerstandsflächenheizung
JP2007115546A (ja) * 2005-10-20 2007-05-10 Toshiba Corp 温度調節用ヒータ
AT514977B1 (de) * 2013-10-23 2016-01-15 Thomas Mag Reiter Flächenheizelement zur Erwärmung von Photovoltaikpaneelen
US10323556B2 (en) 2016-12-16 2019-06-18 Gates Corporation Electric immersion heater for diesel exhaust fluid reservoir

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US1422130A (en) * 1921-02-18 1922-07-11 Reynolds Robert Woolridge Electrical heater resistance element
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Cited By (67)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4119836A (en) * 1975-11-26 1978-10-10 Kakogawa Plastics Kabushiki Kaisha Heat-controlled doctor knife
WO1979000705A1 (en) * 1978-03-03 1979-09-20 Delphic Res Labor Solid state electrically conductive laminate
US4250398A (en) * 1978-03-03 1981-02-10 Delphic Research Laboratories, Inc. Solid state electrically conductive laminate
FR2443125A1 (fr) * 1978-12-01 1980-06-27 Raychem Corp Dispositifs ptc comprenant des barrieres contre l'oxygene
US4242573A (en) * 1979-01-24 1980-12-30 Raychem Corporation Water immersible heater
US4547659A (en) * 1979-08-17 1985-10-15 Raychem Corporation PTC Heater assembly
US4425497A (en) 1979-08-17 1984-01-10 Raychem Corporation PTC Heater assembly
US4673801A (en) * 1979-08-17 1987-06-16 Raychem Corporation PTC heater assembly
EP0030479A1 (en) * 1979-12-11 1981-06-17 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a California corporation) Conductive element and process for making the same
US4429216A (en) 1979-12-11 1984-01-31 Raychem Corporation Conductive element
US4442139A (en) * 1979-12-11 1984-04-10 Raychem Corporation Elements comprising fibrous materials
US4314231A (en) * 1980-04-21 1982-02-02 Raychem Corporation Conductive polymer electrical devices
US4534886A (en) * 1981-01-15 1985-08-13 International Paper Company Non-woven heating element
US4471212A (en) * 1981-12-21 1984-09-11 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Light weight thin buckle-resistant ceiling heating panel
US4719335A (en) * 1984-01-23 1988-01-12 Raychem Corporation Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions
US4761541A (en) * 1984-01-23 1988-08-02 Raychem Corporation Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions
US5138134A (en) * 1984-02-10 1992-08-11 Ellison Mearl E Decorative wall hanging heater
US4560428A (en) * 1984-08-20 1985-12-24 Rockwell International Corporation System and method for producing cured composites
US4777351A (en) * 1984-09-14 1988-10-11 Raychem Corporation Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions
EP0223444A3 (en) * 1985-10-28 1989-02-22 COLLINS & AIKMAN CORPORATION Electrical heating pad with antistatic surface
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2316707C3 (de) 1978-10-26
DE2316707A1 (de) 1973-10-31
GB1420812A (en) 1976-01-14
JPS48101634A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-21
JPS5110892B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-04-07
DE2316707B2 (de) 1978-03-02

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