US3859504A - Moisture resistant panel heater - Google Patents
Moisture resistant panel heater Download PDFInfo
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- US3859504A US3859504A US348786A US34878673A US3859504A US 3859504 A US3859504 A US 3859504A US 348786 A US348786 A US 348786A US 34878673 A US34878673 A US 34878673A US 3859504 A US3859504 A US 3859504A
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- Prior art keywords
- polyethylene
- laminated
- panel heater
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 POLYETHYLENE Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010011222 cyclo(Arg-Pro) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
- A61B6/0407—Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body
- A61B6/045—Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body with heating or cooling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
- H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/30—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material on or between metallic plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/24—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
Definitions
- a panel heater comprising a heat-generating element [52] CI 4 4 5 formed of a sheet of carbon fiber-containing paper I 3 8/212 33 ,25 3 B g 28 and electrodes at ,both ends, layers ofa synthetic resin g i and then aluminum foils laminated successively 0n [5 1 g both surfaces of said sheet of paper, and sheets of a 3 lzlz 3 3 synthetic resin further laminated on both surfaces of 219/528 541 the aluminum foils. Electricity can be passed to the electrodes of the heat-generating element with good [56] References CIted insulation.
- This invention relates to a panel heater for use in water or in a wet condition, especially in a fish tank for 2. Description of the Prior Art The panel heater for such purposes must meet a number of requirements, among which are;
- the size of the heater should be moderate and easy to withdraw from the tank.
- the conventional underwater heater which has a metal surface-has a high watt density and a surface temperature of more than 200C, and its temperature gradient in a water tank is steep.,Therefore, it is unsuitable for fish culture. Furthermore, the metal coating on the surface is especially heavily corroded in a fish tank for sea fish, and can be used only for a short duration of time.
- the heaters of this type are connected in water to an alternating current source, the worker standing on the ground feels leaked current when putting his hand into the water, although the leakage does not affect the fish in the tank.
- the leaked current should be less than 1 mA.
- the maximum area of the panel heater should be restricted to 700cm and its output should be adjusted to less than 140 W. With such a panel heater, it is impossible to maintain a water tank having a capacity of 300 to 500 liters at a moderate temperature of to 28C.
- the present invention Provides a panel heater containing a carbon fiber-containing paper as a heating element, which is free from the above-mentioned defects as an underwater heater.
- the main object of this invention is to provide an underwater heater for maintaining a fish tank for sea fish culture at a moderate temperature, which is safe and usable for prolonged periods of time, that is, to reduce leakage of current by incorporating aluminum foil in a panel heater, and to prevent a change of the resistance of the heating element with the passage of time.
- Still another object is to prevent the leakage of current at the current passing part of a panel heater.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the structure ofa moisture resistant panel heater of this invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the panel heater shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a partly sectional plan view showing the current passing part of the panel heater of this invention.
- a panel heater consisting of a heating element 1, layers 2 and 2' of a synthetic resin such as polyethylene, aluminum foils 3 and 3', layers 4 and 4' of the above-mentioned synthetic resin, outer layers 5 and 5 of a synthetic resin such as a polyester, electrodes 6 and 6, and conducting wires 7 and 7' for passing electricity.
- the heating element 1 consisting of a sheet of carbon fiber-containing paper and electrodes 6 and 6 made, for example, of a copper wire gauze I connected to both ends of the paper sheet are laminated the synthetic resin layers 2 and 2.
- the aluminum foils 3 and 3' are then laminated. Furthermore, on both surfaces of the.
- the heating element 1 is adapted to be heated by passing electricity through the electrodes 6 and 6.
- the panel heater when used in water or in a wet condition, it is necessary to take measures for preventing current leakage at terminals leading to the heating element in water or in a wet condition, as shown in FIG. 3.
- An extension of the electrode 6 of the panel heater is soldered to a core 10 of an exteriorly insulated conductor, and a polyethylene insulating layer ll of the conductor is laminated by hot pressing to the polyethylene layer2 and 2 which is an interlayer of the synthetic resinportion of the above-heating element.
- a part of a polyvinyl chloride sheath 8 of the conductor is brought into contact with the edge 12 of the above laminated synthetic resin Sand 5, and then, both of them are wrapped in contact with each other in a cloth, such as a felt or flannel I3, impregnated with an epoxy resin, and by curing the epoxy resin the, terminal portions of thepanel heater are completed.
- the impermeability of the aluminum foils serves to avoid an increase in the resistance of the carbon fiber-containing paper, and hence a decrease inoutput. Furthermore, the presence of the aluminum foils contributes to the reduction of leaked current to about one-third as compared with a panel heater which does not include aluminum foils. Thus, the area of the panel heater can be increased by about three times.
- the panel heater of this invention produces output suitable for a given fish culture tank, and is free from current leakage and corrosion by sea water. It also prevents changes in the resistance of the heating element with the passage of time, and also burning of the outer layer during heat generation in air. It is flexible and can be formed into any desired shape, and moreover, a suitable temperature gradient in the fish tank can be provided by its suitable surface temperature. Thus, the panel heater of this invention can be effectively used with safety not only in water but also ina wet environment. v
- a moisture resistant panel heater comprising a heating element consisting of a carbon fiber-containing paper sheet and electrodes on two opposite ends thereof, a layer of polyethylene laminated to both surfaces of said heating element, a layer of aluminum foil laminated to both outer surfaces of the polyethylene layers, sheets of a synthetic resin laminated to both outer surfaces of said aluminum foils, and further comprising extended portions of said electrodes soldered to a core of an insulated conductor having a polyethylene vlaminated to both outer surfaces of the polyethylene layers, .a polyethylene layer laminated to both outer surfaces of said aluminum foils, and polyester sheets laminated to both outer surfaces of the last-mentioned polyethylene layers, and further comprising extended portions of said electrodes soldered to a core of an insulated conductor having a polyethylene insulating layer and an outer sheath, said polyethylene insulating layer of said conductor being melt-bonded to said firstmentioned polyethylene layers, and a felt impregnated insulating layer and an outer sheath, said polyethylene insulating
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A panel heater comprising a heat-generating element formed of a sheet of carbon fiber-containing paper and electrodes at both ends, layers of a synthetic resin and then aluminum foils laminated successively on both surfaces of said sheet of paper, and sheets of a synthetic resin further laminated on both surfaces of the aluminum foils. Electricity can be passed to the electrodes of the heat-generating element with good insulation.
Description
United States Patent 1 1 1111 3,859,504 Motokawa et al. Jan. 7, 1975 [5 MOISTURE RESISTANT PANEL HEATER 3,584,198 6/1971 Doi et al. 1. 338/212 X 3,627,981 12/1971 Kuhn .1 338/210 X [751 Invemorsi 3,657,516 4/1972 Fujihara 219/345 9 1 Japan FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 731 Assignees; Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki 1,267,248 6/1961 France... 219/345 i y ki 866,938 4/l958 Great Br1ta1n 2l9/345 Kabushiki Kaisha, Osaka, Japan Primary ExaminerJ, V. Truhe [22] Flled 1973 Assistant Examiner-Clifford C. Shaw [21] Appl. No.: 348,786 Attorney, Agent, or FirmSughrue, Rothwell, Mion,
Zinn & Macpeak [30] Foreign Application Priority Data Apr. 6, 1972 Japan 47-34698 ABSTRACT A panel heater comprising a heat-generating element [52] CI 4 4 5 formed of a sheet of carbon fiber-containing paper I 3 8/212 33 ,25 3 B g 28 and electrodes at ,both ends, layers ofa synthetic resin g i and then aluminum foils laminated successively 0n [5 1 g both surfaces of said sheet of paper, and sheets of a 3 lzlz 3 3 synthetic resin further laminated on both surfaces of 219/528 541 the aluminum foils. Electricity can be passed to the electrodes of the heat-generating element with good [56] References CIted insulation.
UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,422,130 7/1922 Reynolds 338/329 x 3 Clam, 3 Drawmg Flgures ,fish culture.
MOISTURE rdtsrsrANr PANEL HEATER BACKGROIIND or THE INVENTION l. Fieldof the Invention This invention relates to a panel heater for use in water or in a wet condition, especially in a fish tank for 2. Description of the Prior Art The panel heater for such purposes must meet a number of requirements, among which are;
I. It shouldhave an output suited for the particular size of the water tank, and be free from current leakage.
2.,Its surfacetemperature should not be too high (watt density).
3. It should not be corroded by sea water.
4'. There should be no change in the resistance of the heat-generating element with the passage of time, and the element should generate a constant amount of heat.
5. The outer sheath of the heater should not burn when exposed to air. I
6. The size of the heater should be moderate and easy to withdraw from the tank.
The conventional underwater heater which has a metal surface-has a high watt density and a surface temperature of more than 200C, and its temperature gradient in a water tank is steep.,Therefore, it is unsuitable for fish culture. Furthermore, the metal coating on the surface is especially heavily corroded in a fish tank for sea fish, and can be used only for a short duration of time. I
Commercially available vinyl resin coated wires are sometimes used as a heater for a fish tank. Officially,
with laminated layers of synthetic resin films on both sides suffer from an increase in the resistance of the heating element by the influence of moisture which has permeated through the films as time passes, and a decrease in output cannot be avoided. Furthermore, when the heaters of this type are connected in water to an alternating current source, the worker standing on the ground feels leaked current when putting his hand into the water, although the leakage does not affect the fish in the tank. According to the Law for Regulating Electric Appliances, the leaked current should be less than 1 mA. Experiments show that in order to adjust the leaked current to less lmA, the maximum area of the panel heater should be restricted to 700cm and its output should be adjusted to less than 140 W. With such a panel heater, it is impossible to maintain a water tank having a capacity of 300 to 500 liters at a moderate temperature of to 28C.
SUMMARY. OF THE INVENTION The present invention Provides a panel heater containing a carbon fiber-containing paper as a heating element, which is free from the above-mentioned defects as an underwater heater.
The main object of this invention is to provide an underwater heater for maintaining a fish tank for sea fish culture at a moderate temperature, which is safe and usable for prolonged periods of time, that is, to reduce leakage of current by incorporating aluminum foil in a panel heater, and to prevent a change of the resistance of the heating element with the passage of time.
Still another object is to prevent the leakage of current at the current passing part of a panel heater.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the structure ofa moisture resistant panel heater of this invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the panel heater shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a partly sectional plan view showing the current passing part of the panel heater of this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The structure of the panel heater of this invention will be described by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown a panel heater consisting of a heating element 1, layers 2 and 2' of a synthetic resin such as polyethylene, aluminum foils 3 and 3', layers 4 and 4' of the above-mentioned synthetic resin, outer layers 5 and 5 of a synthetic resin such as a polyester, electrodes 6 and 6, and conducting wires 7 and 7' for passing electricity. Specifically. on both surfaces of the heating element 1 consisting of a sheet of carbon fiber-containing paper and electrodes 6 and 6 made, for example, of a copper wire gauze I connected to both ends of the paper sheet are laminated the synthetic resin layers 2 and 2. On both surfaces of the resin layers, the aluminum foils 3 and 3' are then laminated. Furthermore, on both surfaces of the.
aluminum foils, the synthetic resin layers such as polyethylene 4 and 4 and then the synthetic resin sheets such as polyester 5 and 5' are laminated successively. The heating element 1 is adapted to be heated by passing electricity through the electrodes 6 and 6.
For example, when the panel heater is used in water or in a wet condition, it is necessary to take measures for preventing current leakage at terminals leading to the heating element in water or in a wet condition, as shown in FIG. 3. An extension of the electrode 6 of the panel heater is soldered to a core 10 of an exteriorly insulated conductor, and a polyethylene insulating layer ll of the conductor is laminated by hot pressing to the polyethylene layer2 and 2 which is an interlayer of the synthetic resinportion of the above-heating element. Then, a part of a polyvinyl chloride sheath 8 of the conductor is brought into contact with the edge 12 of the above laminated synthetic resin Sand 5, and then, both of them are wrapped in contact with each other in a cloth, such as a felt or flannel I3, impregnated with an epoxy resin, and by curing the epoxy resin the, terminal portions of thepanel heater are completed.
By this construction, the impermeability of the aluminum foils serves to avoid an increase in the resistance of the carbon fiber-containing paper, and hence a decrease inoutput. Furthermore, the presence of the aluminum foils contributes to the reduction of leaked current to about one-third as compared with a panel heater which does not include aluminum foils. Thus, the area of the panel heater can be increased by about three times.
The panel heater of this invention produces output suitable for a given fish culture tank, and is free from current leakage and corrosion by sea water. It also prevents changes in the resistance of the heating element with the passage of time, and also burning of the outer layer during heat generation in air. It is flexible and can be formed into any desired shape, and moreover, a suitable temperature gradient in the fish tank can be provided by its suitable surface temperature. Thus, the panel heater of this invention can be effectively used with safety not only in water but also ina wet environment. v
What we claim is: g
l. A moisture resistant panel heater comprisinga heating element consisting of a carbon fiber-containing paper sheet and electrodes on two opposite ends thereof, a layer of polyethylene laminated to both surfaces of said heating element, a layer of aluminum foil laminated to both outer surfaces of the polyethylene layers, sheets of a synthetic resin laminated to both outer surfaces of said aluminum foils, and further comprising extended portions of said electrodes soldered to a core of an insulated conductor having a polyethylene vlaminated to both outer surfaces of the polyethylene layers, .a polyethylene layer laminated to both outer surfaces of said aluminum foils, and polyester sheets laminated to both outer surfaces of the last-mentioned polyethylene layers, and further comprising extended portions of said electrodes soldered to a core of an insulated conductor having a polyethylene insulating layer and an outer sheath, said polyethylene insulating layer of said conductor being melt-bonded to said firstmentioned polyethylene layers, and a felt impregnated insulating layer and an outer sheath, said polyethylene insulating layer of said conductor melt-bonded to said polyethylene layers, and a felt impregnated with an with an epoxy resin which is cured, said felt holding an edge of the outer synthetic resin layers of said heater and the outer sheath of said conductor.
3. The panel heater of claim 1 wherein said electrodes are made of a copper wire guaze.
Claims (3)
1. A MOISTURE RESISTANT PANEL HEATER COMPRISING A HEATING ELEMENT CONSISTING OF A CARBON FIBER-CONTAINING PAPER SHEET AND ELECTRODE ON TWO OPPOSITE ENDS THEREOF, A LAYER OF POLYETHYLENE LAMINATED TO BOTH SURFACE OF SAID HEATING ELEMENT, A LAYER OF ALUMINUM FOIL LAMINATED TO BOTH OUTER, SURFACE OF THE POLYETHYLENE LAYERS, SHEETS OF A SYNTHETIC RESIN LAMINATED THE BOTH OUTER SURFACES OF SAID ALUMINUM FOILS, AND FURTHER COMPRISING EXTENDED PORTIONS OF SAID ELECTRODES SOLDERED TO A CORE OF AN INSULATED CONDUCTOR HAVING A POLYETHYLENE INSULATING LAYER AND AN OUTER SHEATH, SAID POLYETHYLENE INSULATING LAYER OF SAID CONDUCTOR MELT-BONDED TO SAID POLYETHYLENE
2. A moisture resistant panel heater comprising a heating element consisting of a carbon fiber-containing paper sheet and electrodes on two opposite ends thereof, a layer of polyethylene laminated to both surfaces of said heating element, a layer of aluminum foil laminated to both outer surfaces of the polyethylene layers, a polyethylene layer laminated to both outer surfaces of said aluminum foils, and polyester sheets laminated to both outer surfaces of the last-mentioned polyethylene layers, and further comprising extended portions of said electrodes soldered to a core of an insulated conductor having a polyethylene insulating layer and an outer sheath, said polyethylene insulating layer of said conductor being melt-bonded to said first-mentioned polyethylene layers, and a felt impregnated with an epoxy resin which is cured, said felt holding an edge of the outer synthetic resin layers of said heater and the outer sheath of said conductor.
3. The panel heater of claim 1 wherein said electrodes are made of a copper wire guaze.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP47034698A JPS5110892B2 (en) | 1972-04-06 | 1972-04-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3859504A true US3859504A (en) | 1975-01-07 |
Family
ID=12421573
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US348786A Expired - Lifetime US3859504A (en) | 1972-04-06 | 1973-04-06 | Moisture resistant panel heater |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3859504A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5110892B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2316707C3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1420812A (en) |
Cited By (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4119836A (en) * | 1975-11-26 | 1978-10-10 | Kakogawa Plastics Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat-controlled doctor knife |
WO1979000705A1 (en) * | 1978-03-03 | 1979-09-20 | Delphic Res Labor | Solid state electrically conductive laminate |
FR2443125A1 (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-06-27 | Raychem Corp | PTC DEVICES INCLUDING BARRIERS AGAINST OXYGEN |
US4242573A (en) * | 1979-01-24 | 1980-12-30 | Raychem Corporation | Water immersible heater |
EP0030479A1 (en) * | 1979-12-11 | 1981-06-17 | RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a California corporation) | Conductive element and process for making the same |
US4314231A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1982-02-02 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer electrical devices |
US4425497A (en) | 1979-08-17 | 1984-01-10 | Raychem Corporation | PTC Heater assembly |
US4442139A (en) * | 1979-12-11 | 1984-04-10 | Raychem Corporation | Elements comprising fibrous materials |
US4471212A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1984-09-11 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Light weight thin buckle-resistant ceiling heating panel |
US4534886A (en) * | 1981-01-15 | 1985-08-13 | International Paper Company | Non-woven heating element |
US4547659A (en) * | 1979-08-17 | 1985-10-15 | Raychem Corporation | PTC Heater assembly |
US4560428A (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1985-12-24 | Rockwell International Corporation | System and method for producing cured composites |
EP0223444A2 (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1987-05-27 | COLLINS & AIKMAN CORPORATION | Electrical heating pad with antistatic surface |
US4673801A (en) * | 1979-08-17 | 1987-06-16 | Raychem Corporation | PTC heater assembly |
US4719335A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1988-01-12 | Raychem Corporation | Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions |
US4761541A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1988-08-02 | Raychem Corporation | Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions |
US4777351A (en) * | 1984-09-14 | 1988-10-11 | Raychem Corporation | Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions |
WO1991011891A1 (en) * | 1990-01-24 | 1991-08-08 | Hastings Otis | Electrically conductive laminate for temperature control of surfaces |
US5138134A (en) * | 1984-02-10 | 1992-08-11 | Ellison Mearl E | Decorative wall hanging heater |
US5155800A (en) * | 1991-02-27 | 1992-10-13 | Process Technology Inc. | Panel heater assembly for use in a corrosive environment and method of manufacturing the heater |
US5451351A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1995-09-19 | Composite Components, Inc. | Method for rehabilitating a pipe with a liner having an electrically conductive layer |
US5605418A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1997-02-25 | Taisei Home Engineering Kabushiki Kaisha | Road snow melting system using a surface heating element |
US5925275A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1999-07-20 | Alliedsignal, Inc. | Electrically conductive composite heater and method of manufacture |
US5932124A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1999-08-03 | Thermion Systems International | Method for heating a solid surface such as a floor, wall, or countertop surface |
US5954977A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1999-09-21 | Thermion Systems International | Method for preventing biofouling in aquatic environments |
US5966501A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1999-10-12 | Themion Systems International | Method for controlling the viscosity of a fluid in a defined volume |
US5981911A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1999-11-09 | Thermicon Systems International | Method for heating the surface of a food receptacle |
US6004418A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-12-21 | Lear Corporation | Method of joining a cover material to a substrate utilizing electrically conductive bonding |
US6018141A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 2000-01-25 | Thermion Systems International | Method for heating a tooling die |
US6145787A (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 2000-11-14 | Thermion Systems International | Device and method for heating and deicing wind energy turbine blades |
US20020038801A1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-04-04 | Keith Laken | Formable thermoplastic laminate heating tray assembly suitable for heating frozen food |
US6420682B1 (en) * | 1999-11-03 | 2002-07-16 | Newhome Bath & Mirror, Inc. | Fogless mirror for a bathroom shower and bathtub surround |
US6432344B1 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 2002-08-13 | Watlow Polymer Technology | Method of making an improved polymeric immersion heating element with skeletal support and optional heat transfer fins |
US6483087B2 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2002-11-19 | Thermion Systems International | Thermoplastic laminate fabric heater and methods for making same |
US6516142B2 (en) | 2001-01-08 | 2003-02-04 | Watlow Polymer Technologies | Internal heating element for pipes and tubes |
US20030136078A1 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-24 | Hugo Brown | Thermal insulation |
US20040056020A1 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-03-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heated patient positioning device for a medical apparatus |
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US20090321238A1 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-31 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive Webs Containing Electrical Pathways and Method For Making Same |
US20100155006A1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive Webs and Process For Making Same |
US9327923B1 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-03 | Quintin S. Marx | Portable heated ramp and method |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5169152U (en) * | 1974-11-28 | 1976-06-01 | ||
JPS51106248A (en) * | 1975-03-15 | 1976-09-21 | Daiko Kk | KATOSEIMENJOHATSUNETSUTAI |
JPS5334151A (en) * | 1976-09-12 | 1978-03-30 | Chieko Suma | Plane heater control heater |
JPS5336043A (en) * | 1976-09-16 | 1978-04-04 | Chieko Suma | Flexible plane heating control heater |
JPS5615754Y2 (en) * | 1977-02-01 | 1981-04-13 | ||
JPS5869533A (en) * | 1981-10-21 | 1983-04-25 | 株式会社精工舎 | Stethoscope |
DE3143520A1 (en) * | 1981-11-03 | 1983-05-19 | Gerhard 6971 Großrinderfeld Wenz | Panel heating element |
ATE74480T1 (en) * | 1984-09-14 | 1992-04-15 | Raychem Corp | ELECTRICAL CONTACT BETWEEN ELEMENTS WITH DIFFERENT SPECIFIC RESISTANCES. |
FR2578377B1 (en) * | 1984-12-26 | 1988-07-01 | Aerospatiale | HEATING ELEMENT FOR A DEFROSTING DEVICE OF A WING STRUCTURE, DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING SAME |
SE458083B (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1989-02-20 | Lg Innovations Ab | ELRADIATOR AND APPLICATION OF THE SAME |
DE3635286A1 (en) * | 1986-10-16 | 1988-04-21 | Lentia Gmbh | Surface heating element and process for producing it |
GB9318563D0 (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1993-10-20 | Splintex Belge Sa | A laminated glazing assembly and a method and apparatus for forming such an assembly |
JP2709260B2 (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1998-02-04 | 株式会社ダイリン商事 | Far-infrared radiation method |
DE19626794A1 (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-01-08 | Genova Deutschland Gmbh & Co K | Surface resistance heating e.g. for large rooms |
JP2007115546A (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-05-10 | Toshiba Corp | Heater for temperature control |
AT514977B1 (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-01-15 | Thomas Mag Reiter | Surface heating element for heating photovoltaic panels |
US10323556B2 (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2019-06-18 | Gates Corporation | Electric immersion heater for diesel exhaust fluid reservoir |
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US1422130A (en) * | 1921-02-18 | 1922-07-11 | Reynolds Robert Woolridge | Electrical heater resistance element |
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US3627981A (en) * | 1968-11-09 | 1971-12-14 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | Areal heating element |
US3657516A (en) * | 1969-11-10 | 1972-04-18 | Kansai Hoon Kogyo Kk | Flexible panel-type heating unit |
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US2781439A (en) * | 1953-09-02 | 1957-02-12 | Thomas D Lane | Underfoot foot warmer |
US2845519A (en) * | 1954-02-23 | 1958-07-29 | Arnold F Willat | Electrical floor heating pad |
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- 1973-04-04 GB GB1620173A patent/GB1420812A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-04-06 US US348786A patent/US3859504A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US1422130A (en) * | 1921-02-18 | 1922-07-11 | Reynolds Robert Woolridge | Electrical heater resistance element |
US3584198A (en) * | 1968-02-29 | 1971-06-08 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Flexible electric surface heater |
US3627981A (en) * | 1968-11-09 | 1971-12-14 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | Areal heating element |
US3657516A (en) * | 1969-11-10 | 1972-04-18 | Kansai Hoon Kogyo Kk | Flexible panel-type heating unit |
Cited By (66)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4119836A (en) * | 1975-11-26 | 1978-10-10 | Kakogawa Plastics Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat-controlled doctor knife |
US4250398A (en) * | 1978-03-03 | 1981-02-10 | Delphic Research Laboratories, Inc. | Solid state electrically conductive laminate |
WO1979000705A1 (en) * | 1978-03-03 | 1979-09-20 | Delphic Res Labor | Solid state electrically conductive laminate |
FR2443125A1 (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-06-27 | Raychem Corp | PTC DEVICES INCLUDING BARRIERS AGAINST OXYGEN |
US4242573A (en) * | 1979-01-24 | 1980-12-30 | Raychem Corporation | Water immersible heater |
US4425497A (en) | 1979-08-17 | 1984-01-10 | Raychem Corporation | PTC Heater assembly |
US4673801A (en) * | 1979-08-17 | 1987-06-16 | Raychem Corporation | PTC heater assembly |
US4547659A (en) * | 1979-08-17 | 1985-10-15 | Raychem Corporation | PTC Heater assembly |
EP0030479A1 (en) * | 1979-12-11 | 1981-06-17 | RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a California corporation) | Conductive element and process for making the same |
US4442139A (en) * | 1979-12-11 | 1984-04-10 | Raychem Corporation | Elements comprising fibrous materials |
US4314231A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1982-02-02 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer electrical devices |
US4534886A (en) * | 1981-01-15 | 1985-08-13 | International Paper Company | Non-woven heating element |
US4471212A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1984-09-11 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Light weight thin buckle-resistant ceiling heating panel |
US4761541A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1988-08-02 | Raychem Corporation | Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions |
US4719335A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1988-01-12 | Raychem Corporation | Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions |
US5138134A (en) * | 1984-02-10 | 1992-08-11 | Ellison Mearl E | Decorative wall hanging heater |
US4560428A (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1985-12-24 | Rockwell International Corporation | System and method for producing cured composites |
US4777351A (en) * | 1984-09-14 | 1988-10-11 | Raychem Corporation | Devices comprising conductive polymer compositions |
EP0223444A3 (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1989-02-22 | COLLINS & AIKMAN CORPORATION | Electrical heating pad with antistatic surface |
EP0223444A2 (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1987-05-27 | COLLINS & AIKMAN CORPORATION | Electrical heating pad with antistatic surface |
WO1991011891A1 (en) * | 1990-01-24 | 1991-08-08 | Hastings Otis | Electrically conductive laminate for temperature control of surfaces |
US5155800A (en) * | 1991-02-27 | 1992-10-13 | Process Technology Inc. | Panel heater assembly for use in a corrosive environment and method of manufacturing the heater |
US5451351A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1995-09-19 | Composite Components, Inc. | Method for rehabilitating a pipe with a liner having an electrically conductive layer |
US5605418A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1997-02-25 | Taisei Home Engineering Kabushiki Kaisha | Road snow melting system using a surface heating element |
US5925275A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1999-07-20 | Alliedsignal, Inc. | Electrically conductive composite heater and method of manufacture |
US6432344B1 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 2002-08-13 | Watlow Polymer Technology | Method of making an improved polymeric immersion heating element with skeletal support and optional heat transfer fins |
US6018141A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 2000-01-25 | Thermion Systems International | Method for heating a tooling die |
US5966501A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1999-10-12 | Themion Systems International | Method for controlling the viscosity of a fluid in a defined volume |
US5981911A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1999-11-09 | Thermicon Systems International | Method for heating the surface of a food receptacle |
US6015965A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 2000-01-18 | Thermion Systems International | Method for heating a solid surface such as a floor, wall, roof, or countertop surface |
US5942140A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1999-08-24 | Thermion Systems International | Method for heating the surface of an antenna dish |
US6087630A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 2000-07-11 | Thermion Systems International | Method for heating a solid surface such as a floor, wall, roof, or countertop surface |
US5954977A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1999-09-21 | Thermion Systems International | Method for preventing biofouling in aquatic environments |
US5932124A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1999-08-03 | Thermion Systems International | Method for heating a solid surface such as a floor, wall, or countertop surface |
US6145787A (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 2000-11-14 | Thermion Systems International | Device and method for heating and deicing wind energy turbine blades |
US6004418A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-12-21 | Lear Corporation | Method of joining a cover material to a substrate utilizing electrically conductive bonding |
US6420682B1 (en) * | 1999-11-03 | 2002-07-16 | Newhome Bath & Mirror, Inc. | Fogless mirror for a bathroom shower and bathtub surround |
US20030199947A1 (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2003-10-23 | Gardner Alan D. | Thermoplastic laminate fabric heater and methods for making same |
US6483087B2 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2002-11-19 | Thermion Systems International | Thermoplastic laminate fabric heater and methods for making same |
US6748646B2 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2004-06-15 | Watlow Polymer Technologies | Method of manufacturing a molded heating element assembly |
US6519835B1 (en) | 2000-08-18 | 2003-02-18 | Watlow Polymer Technologies | Method of formable thermoplastic laminate heated element assembly |
US6541744B2 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2003-04-01 | Watlow Polymer Technologies | Packaging having self-contained heater |
US20020038801A1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-04-04 | Keith Laken | Formable thermoplastic laminate heating tray assembly suitable for heating frozen food |
US6516142B2 (en) | 2001-01-08 | 2003-02-04 | Watlow Polymer Technologies | Internal heating element for pipes and tubes |
US20030136078A1 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-24 | Hugo Brown | Thermal insulation |
US20040056020A1 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-03-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heated patient positioning device for a medical apparatus |
US20050098684A1 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2005-05-12 | Watlow Polymer Technologies | Polymer-encapsulated heating elements for controlling the temperature of an aircraft compartment |
US20040257656A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-12-23 | Sellgren Reid C. | Fogless mirror |
US7131739B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2006-11-07 | Newhome Bath And Mirror, Inc. | Fogless mirror |
US20060186110A1 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-24 | Mark Campello | Electric heater with resistive carbon heating elements |
US20070181565A1 (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-08-09 | Ichikoh Industries, Ltd. | Parts for vehicles and line heater unit for snow-melting structure part thereof |
US20070172215A1 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-07-26 | Charves Chang | Far infrared heater |
US20090036850A1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Davis-Dang Nhan | Sensor products using conductive webs |
US8058194B2 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2011-11-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive webs |
US20090036012A1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide,Inc. | Conductive webs |
US8697934B2 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2014-04-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Sensor products using conductive webs |
US20090036015A1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive Webs |
US8372766B2 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2013-02-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive webs |
US20090321238A1 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-31 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive Webs Containing Electrical Pathways and Method For Making Same |
US8334226B2 (en) | 2008-05-29 | 2012-12-18 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive webs containing electrical pathways and method for making same |
US20090294435A1 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-03 | Davis-Dang Hoang Nhan | Heating Articles Using Conductive Webs |
US8866052B2 (en) | 2008-05-29 | 2014-10-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Heating articles using conductive webs |
US8172982B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2012-05-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive webs and process for making same |
US20100155006A1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive Webs and Process For Making Same |
US9327923B1 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-03 | Quintin S. Marx | Portable heated ramp and method |
US10568164B2 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2020-02-18 | Quintin S. Marx | Heated surface and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1420812A (en) | 1976-01-14 |
DE2316707B2 (en) | 1978-03-02 |
DE2316707C3 (en) | 1978-10-26 |
DE2316707A1 (en) | 1973-10-31 |
JPS5110892B2 (en) | 1976-04-07 |
JPS48101634A (en) | 1973-12-21 |
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