US3858581A - Medication injection device - Google Patents

Medication injection device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3858581A
US3858581A US375955A US37595573A US3858581A US 3858581 A US3858581 A US 3858581A US 375955 A US375955 A US 375955A US 37595573 A US37595573 A US 37595573A US 3858581 A US3858581 A US 3858581A
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United States
Prior art keywords
medication
motor
lead screw
pulse
syringe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US375955A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dean Kamen
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Baxter International Inc
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to US375955A priority Critical patent/US3858581A/en
Priority to CA198,646A priority patent/CA1041394A/en
Priority to GB2233774A priority patent/GB1465797A/en
Priority to FR7429284A priority patent/FR2282912A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3858581A publication Critical patent/US3858581A/en
Assigned to BAXTER TRAVENOL LABORATORIES, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. reassignment BAXTER TRAVENOL LABORATORIES, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: AUTO SYRINGE, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/142—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
    • A61M5/145—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons
    • A61M5/1452—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons pressurised by means of pistons
    • A61M5/1456—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons pressurised by means of pistons with a replaceable reservoir comprising a piston rod to be moved into the reservoir, e.g. the piston rod is part of the removable reservoir
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/01—Motorized syringe

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in a medication injection device, and more particularly to an automatic medication-injecting or administering device readily capable of dispensing medication in accordance with any selected schedule of successive intervals of operation and non-operation of a syringedriving or powering motor.
  • a medication injection device demonstrating objects and advantages of the present invention includes a motor operated in rotation and operatively arranged to cause linear displacement, and thus a medicationinjection stroke, in a syringe plunger, a pulse generating means effective to emit a pulse each rotational traverse of the motor during which said syringe plunger partakes of a known, uniform movement in its said stroke, and a pulse-counting means electrically connected to receive the transmission of each aforesaid pulse and operatively connected to cause the commencement of the operation of said syringe-driving motor and the continued operation thereof for the duration of the transmission thereto of a selected number of said pulses, whereby medication-dispensing service of said device is controlled as a function of the number of rotational traverses of said motor as counted by said pulse-counting means.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a medication injection device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the device illustrating further structural features thereof, and also illustrating how the volume of the medication to be dispensed is related to an operating parameter of the device, namely electrical pulses emitted during its operation;
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevational view, taken in longitudinal section, illustrating internal structural features
  • FIG. 4 is an end elevational view, in section taken on line 4-4 of FIG. 3, illustrating structural features of a pulse generator used in the device hereof;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial plan view, in section taken on line 5-5 of FIG. 3, illustrating further structural features.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the electrical components used in controlling the operation of the mechanical components of the device hereof.
  • FIGS. 1-3 show the general organization of the mechanical parts of a medication injection device, generally designated 10, demonstrating objects and advantages of the present invention.
  • the contemplated use of the device 10 is to achieve the intravenous injection of selected volumes of medication, dispensed from a syringe 12, according to a selected schedule. That is, there are many drugs which cannot be administered to a patient slowly and uniformly over a prolonged period, but rather must be administered within a prescribed comparatively short period, followed by a longer period, when it is not administered and the patients body has an opportunity to react to the administered drug. For example, there are certain blood anti-coagulants that are best administered frequently, but at intermittant intervals, in order to produce the desired effect on the blood. Device 10 can be most advantageously used for this purpose.
  • any selected volume of medication can be dispensed from the syringe 12 through tubing 15 having at its end, although not shown, a syringe needle or other implement connected for intravenous delivery of the medication into the patient.
  • the time interval, during which a selected volume of the drug or medication, such as 1 cubic centimeter or cc" is to be delivered can be relatively short, e.g., in less than 1 minute, and the next administration of this same volume of medication can be arranged to occur in 2 hours, or after other such interval of time.
  • syringe 12 is filled with 6 ccs of medication which has to be delivered I cc at a time every 2 hours, this is readily easy to achieve by proper setting of the controls of the device 10.
  • the values selected in the previous example can be modified, and the invention is no way intended to be limited thereto, since it can be just as easily arranged that 2 ccs of medication be administered every 6 hours, et cetera.
  • the significance of the mode of operation of device 10 is that it is operational or effective to dispense medication in accordance with a selected schedule of successive intervals of operation and non-operation.
  • the same includes, as previously noted, a syringe 12 of the type having a plunger 14, the linear displacement of which dictates the amount of medication which is dispensed from the syringe chamber 12 through the tubing 15 to the patient.
  • a follower Arranged to cause linear displacement of the plunger 14 is an upstanding head 16 of a follower, generally designated 18, which, as best shown in FIG. 3, has a threaded member which is mounted, as at 20, on a lead screw 22 which is powered in rotation by a motor 24.
  • the motor 24 is operatively connected to power the lead screw 22 in rotation, said lead screw having threads 26 of of uniform pitch machined along its length and further being disposed substantially parallel .to the path of linear displacement of the plunger 14, in this instance being arranged below plunger 14 so that the pushing head 16 is readily adapted to be mounted on an upstanding rod 28 projected through a slot 30 in the top plate 32 of the device housing 34.
  • An elastomeric closure 36 with a central slit 38 is appropriately mounted across the slot 30 to prevent dust or other contamination of the interior of the housing box 34.
  • a body element 40 Completing the construction of the follower 18, and as is well understood to prevent rotation thereof simultaneously with rotation of the lead screw 22, is a body element 40, the forward end of which is prevented from partaking of rotative movement by being projected, as at 42, through a bore or opening in a stationary depending mounting member 44 which also assists in supporting the previously noted motor 24.
  • lead screw 22 is driven in rotation and the threaded member in meshing engagement therewith is therefore advanced along the length of the lead screw 22.
  • member 20 is advanced toward the motor 24, and in the opposite direction of rotation away from the motor 24.
  • a laterally extending lip 48 which normally functions as a finger grip, has a portion disposed in a holding recess 50 of a mounting plate 52 appropriately secured in place on the top plate 32.
  • An L-shaped rod 54 functions as a clamp to hold the syringe barrel against the mounting plate 52 and, in turn, is held in place by a lock screw 56 which, upon threaded adjustment, engages the flattened surface 58 of the clamp 54.
  • a prior art motor will cause the delivery of a greater volume of a less viscous medication than one with a greater viscosity, and thus to achieve uniform dispensing of medication with such a prior art device, it is necessary to make an adjustment in the control to account for the different viscosities of the medication being dispensed.
  • the bearings or other moving parts of a prior art device would experience wear that would in turn effect its operation during an interval of operation, and this variation in frictional resistance would also-result in nonuniform volumes of medication being dispensed.
  • the interval of operation of the powering motor 24 is related to the number of rotational traverses that occur in the lead screw 22, irrespective of the time that it takes to achieve these number of rotational traverses.
  • member 20 is advanced a uniform amount dictated by the pitch of the uniform threads 26, and this uniform advancement of member 20 also occurs in the pushing head 16 and thus must, of necessity, also result in a uniform linear displacement in the syringe plunger 14.
  • a scale As illustrated in FIG. 2, marked along one edge of the top plate 32, as along edge 60, is a scale, generally designated 62, which is laid out, starting from 0, in ascending numbers such that said numbers are located at distances from the starting point 0 which correspond to the distances of advancement that is produced by the uniform advance or thread pitch 26, that results from that number of rotational traverses in the lead screw 22.
  • member 20 will move the pitch of each thread 26 thereon, it follows that the linear distance 64 will be achieved with 10 rotational traverses, and twice that distance with 20 rotational traverses, and so on. Further, assuming that it is desired to dispense 2 ccs of medication during each injection period, as clearly illustrated in FIG. 2, this will require approximately 27 rotational traverses since, by laying the syringe barrel l2 alongside the scale 62, a 2-cc volume as laid out on the barrel l2 spans the distance from the 0 point on the scale 62 to a point therealong, designated 65, which corresponds to point 27 of the scale.
  • the motoron timer includes, as best illustrated in FIG. 2, two control knobs or selectors 68 and 70, each being related to a circumferential display of numbers 72 from l to 10.
  • the other timing device is the one which controls or times the motor-off interval, this timer also including a selector 76 within a circumferential arrangement 78 of numbers from 1 to 10.
  • this timer also including a selector 76 within a circumferential arrangement 78 of numbers from 1 to 10.
  • selector 76 is moved in proper relation to numeral 2 to provide this result. The manner in which this result is achieved will be explained subsequently.
  • a radially oriented striker 80 which is driven in rotation simultaneously with the lead screw 22.
  • a switch contact arm against which actual physical contact is made by the striker 80 during each rotational traverse is a switch contact arm against which actual physical contact is made by the striker 80 during each rotational traverse. This physical contact or abuttment against the switch contact 82 results in actuation of the switch 84.
  • switch 84 is part of a pulse-generating circuit in that the actuation thereof is effective to complete this circuit and, in turn, cause the production and transmission of an electric pulse to a pulse-counting circuit which may be embodied on a printed circuit board 86 (see FIG. 3).
  • the pulse-counting circuit 86 will be understood to be effective in causing the commencement of the operation of the powering motor 24 and in causing the continued operation thereof for the duration of the transmission to it of a selected number of said pulses, which in the example being discussed would amount to 27 pulses.
  • This number of pulses or rotational traverses of the lead screw 22 will result, as already noted, in linear displacement of the syringe plunger 14 which will force out of the syringe barrel l2 2 ccs of medication.
  • the electrical control components of the device 10 are effective in causing three conditions of operation.
  • the first is the resetting of the motor-on timer 66 at the 0 setting.
  • the second is the termination of the operation of the powering motor 24.
  • the third is the starting of the timing operation of the motor-off timer 74.
  • the timer 74 is also operated by the transmission to it of pulses and, in accordance with the example being discussed, will therefore receive whatever number of pulses generated, not by the rotation ofthe lead screw 22, but by an oscillator of some other source, but which corresponds to the passage of 2 hours of time, this being the time interval selected for non-operation of the motor 24.
  • the motor 24 will again commence its operation, and at that time striker 80, by virtue of actuating switch 84, will again cause a pulse-generating activity as a function of the rotational traverses of the lead screw 22 being powered in rotation by the motor 24.
  • the operation of motor 24 which results in a medicine-injecting stroke in the syringe plunger 14 is again terminated.
  • the final 2 ccs of medication is dispensed from the syringe barrel 12, thus requiring the refilling thereof.
  • the follower body 40 has a laterally extending contact 88 which is arranged to actuate the limit switch 91 by physically abutting against the contact 92 thereof, thus indicating that the end of the medicine-injecting stroke 94 is reached.
  • device 10 In addition to the timing controls consisting of the motor-on timer 66 and motor-off timer 74, device 10 also includes a control which overrides these timing devices and which results in the injection of medicine, even if not in accordance with the selective schedule. This permits the injection of medicine or medication in emergency situations.
  • the control itself includes an accessible push-button 96 which, when depressed, is electrically effective to immediately start operation of the powering motor 24, even if at that time the device 10 is under the control of the motor-off timer 74.
  • Device 10 also includes an off-on master switch 98.
  • a visual signal in the form of a blinking light 100.
  • Light 100 is energized by each pulse successively transmitted to the timers 66 and 78, and thus is effective in indicating operation of the device 10 dur ing both motor-on and motor-off intervals.
  • Completing the device 10, and as best illustrated in FIG. 3, is a safety device feature which disconnects the drive between the motor 24 and lead screw 22 in the event of successive buildup of pressure which is transmitted in a reverse direction through the tube 15 into the barrel chamber 12 and against the syringe plunger 14.
  • This buildup of resistance pressure will of course be transmitted against the pushing head 16 and thus is manifested as a force tending to push lead screw 22 in a direction away from the motor 24.
  • a clutch 136 of a shaft coupling 90 will break its driving connection between its driving and driven elements and thus result in discontinuation of the driving connection between the motor 24 and the lead screw 22.
  • FIG. 6 there is illustrated, in diagramatic form, an exemplary electronic circuit which will be understood to be laid out and otherwise appropriately embodied on the printed circuit board 86.
  • Thecircuit of FIG. 6 will further be understood to function as the motor-on timer 66 and also as the motor-off timer 74, in both instances providing a timing function which utilizes and appropriately reacts to the transmission to it of an electronic pulse.
  • this portion of the circuit of FIG. 6, generally designated 110 provides the pulse-counting service or function for the device 10 in the manner previously described.
  • This function could be powered by batteries or by line voltage. That is, the device 10 can be used in strapped position on the arm of the patient, in which instance it will be portable and operated by batteries (not shown).
  • the power fed into the unit operates an electric oscillator or pulse generator 112.
  • This generator may be any one of several types, being generally a unit which reaches a selected peak voltage on a selected time basis and which emits a pulse.
  • the output or pulse from the generator 112 is fed into the counting circuit 110.
  • This counting circuit also could be any one of several socalled decade counting circuits readily available from major firms such as RCA or the like.
  • operation of a decade counter such as that denominated First Pulse Counter and designaged 114 in FIG. 6, has 10 or more outputs identified by the numbering from to 10.
  • the operation of the pulse counter 114 contemplates activation of each of these outputs in succession with each cycle of operation, and then a repeat of this cycle of operation. Accordingly, output 0 is first activated, then output 1, then output 2, et cetera. When output is activated, this completes an electrical connection to a second decade counter, designated Second Pulse Counter and identified by reference numeral 116, which experiences the same mode of operation just described in connection with counter 114. Meanwhile, the cycle of operation of counter 114 is repeated.
  • the selection of 27 pulses for the interval of operation of the powering motor 24 is thus achieved by arranging the selector 68 so that the wiper 120 thereof is electrically connected to output 2 of the second pulse counter 116 and that the selector 70, and more particularly the wiper 122 thereof, is electrically connected to the output 7 of the first pulse counter 114. While this may appear to be reversed, such arrangement provides for motor-on operation for an interval of 27 pulses.
  • pulse generator 112 also transmits a pulse via conductor 132 to a reset control circuit 134 which is effective to reset to 0 the motor-off timer 74 at the end of each interval of nonoperation of motor 24.
  • a reset control circuit 134 which is effective to reset to 0 the motor-off timer 74 at the end of each interval of nonoperation of motor 24.
  • This may be done in any number of ways.
  • One way, for example, is to have the last pulse of this interval operate a flip-flop switch.
  • Such switch is a standard part readily purchased in the open market from such firms as RCA and the like and operates, as generally noted, such that upon activation by said last pulse, it completes the circuit to the motor and at the same time resets the counting circuit at its original 0 setting.
  • the counting circuit 110 is in condition to start counting from 0 again.
  • the pulse generator 112 during the interval of operation of the motor 24, is controlled in its pulse-emitting function by the striker which, upon physical contact with the switch 84 during each rotational traverse of the lead screw 22, produces a pulse which is counted by the motor-on timer 66.
  • the pulse generator 112 is operated as an oscillator and transmits pulses also to a counting circuit, such as 110, which performs the same function during non-operation of the motor as was performed during its operation. Since the time of nonoperation of the powering motor 24 is considerably longer than the typical interval required for administration of medication, the pulse-counting circuit will include more than just two pulse counters 114 and 116. But at least the first two counters of an enlarged arrangement thereof can be counters 114, 116 to avoid duplication.
  • the primary use of the device 10 is, of course, for administering a predetermined volume of medication on a timed schedule. However, it is not strictly limited to this use, but also may be operated by monitoring equipment separate and apart from the timing devices 66 and 74 described herein. In other words, assume a cardiac patient has monitoring equipment to indicate when he is in medical difficulty. Such monitoring equipment could be used to provide a pulse which starts the motor 24 in operation and which causes the injection of the predetermined volume of medication to counteract the condition sensed by the monitoring equipment as requiring said medication.
  • a unique medication injection device 10 which is capable of administering medication in accordance with a selected schedule of successive intervals of operation and non-operation of the powering motor 24. Moreover, these intervals are controlled as a function of each rotational traverse, rather than strictly on a manually timed basis, as is the practice in the prior art.
  • the device 10 hereof is not vulnerable to variations which affect performance during any selected unit of time, such as variations in voltage, in viscosity of the medication being dispensed, variations in the frictional resistance within the motor itself, to mention just a few, and other such factors which adversely affect and produce nonuniformity in the functioning of devices of the class herein described.
  • a medication injection device comprising a syringe for dispensing medication in accordance with linear displacement of a plunger thereof, means secured to said syringe for connection to a patient for dispensing said medication to said patient, a rotatively mounted lead screw with threads of uniform pitch disposed in substantially parallel relation to the linear displacement path of said syringer plunger, pushing means mounted on said lead screw for advancement therealong in pushing engagement with said syringe plunger, a motor operatively arranged to power said lead screw in rotation to cause advancement of said pushing means and corresponding linear displacement of said syringe plunger, a radially oriented striker mounted on said lead screw, a pulse-emitting switch located adjacent said lead screw in the path of the rotational traverse of said striker so as to be engaged thereby to cause an emission of an electrical pulse during each rotation of said lead screw, and a pulse-counting means electrically connected to receive the transmission of each aforesaid pulse and operatively connected to permit the operation of
  • a medication injection device as defined in claim 1 including an additional timing means operatively connected to said motor to cause the commencement of the operation thereof after a selected interval of nonoperation, whereby said medication is dispensed by said device in accordance with a selected schedule of successive intervals of operation and non-operation of said motor.
  • a medication injection device as defined in claim 2 including a clutch interposed in the drive connection between said motor and said lead screw, and including means mounting said lead screw for selected limited linear movement for disengaging the same from said clutch to thereby terminate the powering rotation of said lead screw by said motor, whereby said dispensing of medication by said device is capable of being terminated in an emergency situation.
  • a medication injection device as defined in claim 4 including a scale calibrating linear displacement of said syringe plunger with an ascending number of pulses produced during said rotational operation of said motor, whereby the volume of medication to be dispensed can be readily related to a selected number of pulses as counted by said pulse-counting means.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
US375955A 1973-07-02 1973-07-02 Medication injection device Expired - Lifetime US3858581A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US375955A US3858581A (en) 1973-07-02 1973-07-02 Medication injection device
CA198,646A CA1041394A (en) 1973-07-02 1974-05-01 Medication injection device
GB2233774A GB1465797A (en) 1973-07-02 1974-05-20 Medication injection devices
FR7429284A FR2282912A1 (fr) 1973-07-02 1974-08-27 Dispositif pour injecter des medicaments

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US375955A US3858581A (en) 1973-07-02 1973-07-02 Medication injection device

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US3858581A true US3858581A (en) 1975-01-07

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US375955A Expired - Lifetime US3858581A (en) 1973-07-02 1973-07-02 Medication injection device

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US (1) US3858581A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1041394A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2282912A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1465797A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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GB1465797A (en) 1977-03-02
FR2282912B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-08-24
CA1041394A (en) 1978-10-31
FR2282912A1 (fr) 1976-03-26

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