US3848156A - Surge arrestor for high voltage electric power applications - Google Patents

Surge arrestor for high voltage electric power applications Download PDF

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Publication number
US3848156A
US3848156A US00375678A US37567873A US3848156A US 3848156 A US3848156 A US 3848156A US 00375678 A US00375678 A US 00375678A US 37567873 A US37567873 A US 37567873A US 3848156 A US3848156 A US 3848156A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
series
string
discharge device
avalanche diodes
surge
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00375678A
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English (en)
Inventor
V Stepanova
I Bashkatov
J Vinitsky
V Balyasinsky
V Skorovarov
B Grinshtein
J Tolstov
V Shmurov
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to GB2342872A priority Critical patent/GB1354245A/en
Priority to IT50396/72A priority patent/IT957988B/it
Priority to CH786672A priority patent/CH540589A/de
Priority to DE2227397A priority patent/DE2227397C3/de
Priority to SE07769/72A priority patent/SE361989B/xx
Priority to JP47106731A priority patent/JPS4964846A/ja
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US00375678A priority patent/US3848156A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3848156A publication Critical patent/US3848156A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/043—Protection of over-voltage protection device by short-circuiting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A surge arrestor for high voltage electric power applications comprises series-coupled uncontrolled discharge devices each of which is shunted through resistors by a string of avalanche diodes connected in series opposition, and a capacitor.
  • each uncontrolled discharge device Connected in series with each uncontrolled discharge device is a controlled discharge device with its igniter electrodecoupled to the output of a control unit of the discharge device with the output of a current sensor connected to its input, the input of the current sensor being placed in series with one said string paralleled by the controlled discharge device.
  • a surge arrestor composed of a string of series-connected uncontrolled discharge devices and two controlled discharge devices.
  • the present invention relates to electric equipment and, more particularly, to surge arrestors for highvoltage electric power applications.
  • a surge protector may itself fail under some severe overvoltages imposed on the electric installation to be protected.
  • SUMMARY or THE INVENTION Switching transients in electric equipment can be differentiated not only by the amplitude as was done in the prior art, but also from the energy point of view.
  • triggering of electric apparatus or commutation of valves in high-voltage converters may give rise to high-frequency (10 Hz) oscillations with the amplitudes reaching high levels even in the presence of damping circuits, while their power is rather low.
  • transient voltages may contain also mediumfrequency (10 10 Hz) and low-frequency l0 10 Hz) components the energy of which may exceed the power dissipation rating of the voltage limiting device used.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a device for suppressing commutation and other overvoltages in high-voltage electric power applications which use avalanche diodes in combination with spark-gap discharge devices.
  • a specific object of the invention is to provide a means for suppression of surges in electric installations in the frequency range from 10 to 10 Hz whereby overvoltages applied to the insulation of the electric equipment are reduced to a permissible level without damaging the protective device itself.
  • surge arrestors designed and manufactured in accordance with these principles have been put to a set of type and performance tests which have fully confirmed the validity of the selected approach. It should 7 be pointed out that the use of such surge arrestors in the conditions of the mentioned transmission line would make it possible to bring substantial reduction in the voltage rating of each electric apparatus and consequently to cut down the weight and size of the equipment.
  • the invention is aimed at providing in a surge arrestor including at least one controlled discharge device and at least one voltage limiting string of at least two avalanche diodes connected in series-opposition and provided for limiting voltage thereacross, at least one controlled discharge device governed by a current sensor and connected in series with at least one uncontrolled discharge device, each of the uncontrolled and controlled discharge devices being shunted via a decoupler by said voltage-limiting string placed in parallel with a capacitor, while in series with at least one said string paralleled by said controlled discharge device is connected the input of a current sensor with the output thereof being coupled through the control units to the igniter and working electrodes of said discharge device.
  • At least one discharge device be series-connected with a surge current limiter.
  • lt is advantageous to make said surge-current limiter in the form ofa non-linear resistor.
  • At least one additional avalanche diode be connected in phase with each avalanche diode of at least with one said string of diodes poled in series opposition.
  • a current sensor may be a current transformer or some other device.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a surge arrestor for high-voltage electric power applications composed of uncontrolled discharge devices in series with one controlled discharge device;
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a surge arrcstor as in FIG. 1., illustrating in detail units 2 and 8;
  • H6. 3 is a circuit diagram of a surge arrestor for high-voltage electric power applications comprising uncontrolled discharge devices connected in series relation with two controlled discharge devices, with two additional avalanche diodes being placed in series with each avalanche diode connected in series opposition.
  • the surge arrestor includes series-connected uncontrolled discharge devices lalm (FIG. 1) each of which is paralleled via resistors 2a 2n by a string of avalanche diodes 3a 4a, 3b 4b 3n 4n connected in series opposition, and by a respective of capacitors 5a, 5b 5n.
  • a controlled discharge device 6a Connected in series relation with the uncontrolled discharge devices is a controlled discharge device 6a shunting a string of avalanche diodes 3n 4n connected in series opposition, an igniter electrode 7 of the controlled discharge device 60 being coupled to the output of a discharge device control unit 8 with its input connected to the output of a current sensor 9. while the input of the current sensor is in series arrangement with the avalanche diodes 3a 4a; 3b 4b 3n 4n.
  • the current sensor 9 has a secondary which is connected to the input of current integrator 10 of the unit 8 which controls the discharge device 6a (FIG. 2).
  • the surge arrestor is connected to an electric installation to be protected via terminals ll 11'.
  • the current intogrator 10 is a rectifier 12 built around diodes l3, l4, l5, l6.
  • the output of the rectifier 12 is connected across a storage capacitor 17 through a resistor 18.
  • the capacitor 17 is shunted by a resistor 19.
  • the output of the current integrator is coupled to the control electrode of a thyristor via a decoupling diode 21, dynistor or switch-over diode 22 and a limiting resistor 23, and to the cathode of the thyristor 20.
  • the cathode of the diode 21 and the anode of the dynistor 22 are connected to the cathode of diode 24, while its anode connects a capacitor in shunt with a Zener diode 26, the anode of the diode 24 and the free plate of the capacitor 25 being coupled with the cathode of the thyristor 20, and a DC. voltage source 27 is placed in parallel with the Zener diode 26.
  • the thyristor 20 is connected into a circuit composed of a primary 28 of a pulse transformer 29 and a capacitor with a DC. voltage source 32 connected thereacross through a resistor 31.
  • a secondary 33 of the pulse transformer 29 is connected to the main electrode 34 and the igniter electrode 7 of the controlled discharge device 6a.
  • the voltage applied to the installation does not exceed the total reverse voltage at the avalanche diodes of one polarity: 3a 3n or 4a 4n (depending on the sign of voltage impressed on the string of diodes), and, consequently, all the diodes of one polarity cannot be simultaneously driven into the avalanche portion of the current-voltage characteristic.
  • Current flowing through the primary winding of the current transformer (current sensor 9) is the leakage current of the avalanche diodes and is insufficient to produce a trigger signal for starting the discharge device 6a in the control unit 8.
  • the surge arrestor is capable of limiting voltage across the terminals 1 1' 1 1" in the presence of excess voltages until the energy held in the avalanche diodes 3a 3n or 4a 4n goes above the permissible value or until the current flowing through the avalanche diodes reaches the breakdown level.
  • the unit 8 delivers a signal to actuate the controlled discharge device 6a upon operation of which the uncontrolled discharge devices 1a 1m operate and voltage from the terminals 11' 11" is removed.
  • the unit 8 performs periodic comparison of the energy stored in the strings of avalanche diodes with the permissible value.
  • the member responsible for such a comparison is the element 10 which integrates current passing via the strings of avalanche diodes by way of the storage capacitor 17 charged through the bridge rectifier 12 employing diodes 13 16.
  • the capacitor 17 is charged by current passing through the strings of avalanche diodes and the current from the secondary winding of the current transformer (current sensor 9) delivered to the input of the integrator 10.
  • Voltage across the capacitor 17 is proportional to the energy in the strings of avalanche diodes.
  • the set-point voltage is the switching voltage of the dynistor 22.
  • the dynistor starts to conduct and builds up a discharge path for an additional capacitor 25 that has been charged from the source 27.
  • the capacitors 17 and 25 have decoupling diodes 21 and 24 connected therebetween. Voltage across the capacitor 25 is regulated by means of the Zener diode 26 and its magnitude is substantially smaller than the switching voltage of the dynistor 22.
  • the capacitor 25 When discharging, the capacitor 25 forms a pulse which goes via the decoupling diode 21 and the limiting resistor 23 to turn on the thyristor 20. Triggering of the thyristor 20 to conduction causes discharge of the capacitor 30 that has been charged from the source 32 through the resistor 31.
  • the capacitor 30 discharges through the primary winding 28 of the step-up pulse transformer 29 with itssecondary 33 connected to the igniter electrode 7 and the working electrode 34 of the discharge device 6a.
  • the control unit 8 is set so that the dynistor 22 switches over either in the case of maximum permissible power at the strings of avalanche diodes, or if current flowing through the avalanche diodes exceeds a predetermined level at least for some short time (current cut-off) which also prevents the breakdown of the avalanche diodes by overcurrents.
  • the resistor 18 of the integrator 10 serves for setting cut-off current and the resistor 19 accomplishes periodic discharge of the capacitor 17.
  • the discharge device 6a If, under excessive voltage applied, the power dissipated in the strings of avalanche diodes remains below the permissible level and the current does not exceed the current cut-off value, the discharge device 6a is not actuated. Then the surge arrestor affords its protective action only by limiting overvoltage across the terminals 11 11" of the protected installation to the permissible value of the total reverse voltage at the avalanche diodes. If, on the other hand, the overvoltageenergy is larger than the permissible power dissipated by the strings of avalanche diodes, the control unit 8 sends a trigger signal to the discharge device 6a. In this event the operation of the controlled discharge device is the proper action of the surge arrestor.
  • the surge arrestor described above (FIGS. 1 and 2) can be recommended for use in electric installations rated for about kV, irrespective of the polarity of peak voltages.
  • a surge arrestor comprising two serially connected uncontrolled discharge devices la and two controlled discharge devices 6a and 6b (FIG. 3).
  • surge current limiting elements 35a 35n Connected in series with each of the uncontrolled discharge devices 1a 1m and controlled discharge devices 6a and 6b are surge current limiting elements 35a 35n (FIG. 3). Connection of the elements 350 35n in series with each discharge device 1a 1m and 6a 6b is chosen for design reasons. If necessary, all the elements 35a 3511 can be serially connected in common to any of the discharge devices 1a 1m or 6a 6);.
  • Each of the avalanched diodes 3a 3n and 4a 4n coupled in series opposition is connected in series with two additional avalanche diodes 3a 3"a 3n, 3"n and 4a, 4"a 4'n, 4"n.
  • Control of the controlled discharge devices 6a and 6b is accomplished by units 8a and 8b identical to those described above.
  • the surge current limiters 35a 35:1 are included in the circuitry with a view to reducing such short-circuit currents.
  • a surge arrestor for protecting apparatus in highvoltage electric power applications comprising: at least one string of at least two avalanche diodes connected in series opposition, said at least one string serving for limiting voltage across the electric apparatus being protected;
  • At least one controlled discharge device having an ignitor and being governed by a current sensor and connected in series configuration'with said at least one uncontrolled discharge device to form an addi tional string, said discharge devices protecting the strings of avalanche diodes connected in series opposition from excessive power dissipation;
  • a decoupler connected between said at least one string and each of said discharge devices so that said string is in shunt with said discharge devices
  • a current sensor having an output and connected in series with said at least one string of avalanche diodes
  • control unit having an input and output and connected to said at least one controlled discharge device with said input connected to the output of said current sensor and said output coupled through a pulse transformer to said ignitor, said controlled discharge device initiating discharge of all uncontrolled discharge devices connected in series configuration thereacross when said control unit sends a trigger signal to said controlled discharge device,
  • a surge arrestor as of claim 2 further comprising a surge current limiter connected in series with at least one said discharge device.

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
US00375678A 1972-05-18 1973-07-02 Surge arrestor for high voltage electric power applications Expired - Lifetime US3848156A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2342872A GB1354245A (en) 1972-05-18 1972-05-18 Electrical power surge arrestors
IT50396/72A IT957988B (it) 1972-05-18 1972-05-20 Dispositivo di scarica per la protezione degli impianti elettrici contro sovratensioni
CH786672A CH540589A (de) 1972-05-18 1972-05-26 Uberspannungsschutzanordnung für elektrische Anlagen
DE2227397A DE2227397C3 (de) 1972-05-18 1972-06-06 Überspannungsschutzanordnung
SE07769/72A SE361989B (sv) 1972-05-18 1972-06-13
JP47106731A JPS4964846A (sv) 1972-05-18 1972-10-26
US00375678A US3848156A (en) 1972-05-18 1973-07-02 Surge arrestor for high voltage electric power applications

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2342872 1972-05-18
IT50396/72A IT957988B (it) 1972-05-18 1972-05-20 Dispositivo di scarica per la protezione degli impianti elettrici contro sovratensioni
US25527272A 1972-05-22 1972-05-22
CH786672A CH540589A (de) 1972-05-18 1972-05-26 Uberspannungsschutzanordnung für elektrische Anlagen
DE2227397A DE2227397C3 (de) 1972-05-18 1972-06-06 Überspannungsschutzanordnung
SE07769/72A SE361989B (sv) 1972-05-18 1972-06-13
JP47106731A JPS4964846A (sv) 1972-05-18 1972-10-26
US00375678A US3848156A (en) 1972-05-18 1973-07-02 Surge arrestor for high voltage electric power applications

Publications (1)

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US3848156A true US3848156A (en) 1974-11-12

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US00375678A Expired - Lifetime US3848156A (en) 1972-05-18 1973-07-02 Surge arrestor for high voltage electric power applications

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3848156A (sv)
JP (1) JPS4964846A (sv)
CH (1) CH540589A (sv)
DE (1) DE2227397C3 (sv)
GB (1) GB1354245A (sv)
IT (1) IT957988B (sv)
SE (1) SE361989B (sv)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5729044A (en) * 1992-06-30 1998-03-17 Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.A. Protection diode for a vertical semiconductor component
DE19838776A1 (de) * 1998-08-26 2000-03-09 Dehn & Soehne Verfahren und Anordnung mit einem zwei-stufigen Überspannungsschutz in Niederspannungsanlagen
DE10104515B4 (de) * 2000-12-27 2005-08-25 Vick, Ralf, Dr.-Ing. Elektronische Hochspannungsschalteranordnung
CN102005754A (zh) * 2010-12-11 2011-04-06 株洲普天中普防雷科技有限公司 一种双层金属间隙型电涌保护方法及电涌保护器
US20160087467A1 (en) * 2013-05-10 2016-03-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Surge arrester and method for operating a surge arrester
WO2017036803A1 (de) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 Epcos Ag Mehrfachfunkenstreckenableiter
US20180054054A1 (en) * 2016-08-22 2018-02-22 Silicon Laboratories Inc. System and method of high speed, high voltage swing electrostatic discharge protection
WO2021115709A1 (de) * 2019-12-13 2021-06-17 Tdk Electronics Ag Vorrichtung zur ableitung von überspannungen und deren verwendung
US11374398B1 (en) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-28 Moxa Inc. Power management system

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4683514A (en) * 1984-10-03 1987-07-28 The M-O Valve Company Limited Surge voltage protective circuit arrangements
SE451520B (sv) * 1985-05-13 1987-10-12 Asea Ab Skyddsanordning for ett seriekondensatorbatteri
CN102623894B (zh) * 2012-03-23 2013-08-28 中国电力科学研究院 一种火花间隙
JP6469910B1 (ja) * 2018-02-22 2019-02-13 東京電子株式会社 過電圧保護回路

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3035204A (en) * 1959-06-03 1962-05-15 Asea Ab Device for high voltage gas-filled rectifiers
US3418530A (en) * 1966-09-07 1968-12-24 Army Usa Electronic crowbar

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3035204A (en) * 1959-06-03 1962-05-15 Asea Ab Device for high voltage gas-filled rectifiers
US3418530A (en) * 1966-09-07 1968-12-24 Army Usa Electronic crowbar

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5729044A (en) * 1992-06-30 1998-03-17 Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.A. Protection diode for a vertical semiconductor component
DE19838776A1 (de) * 1998-08-26 2000-03-09 Dehn & Soehne Verfahren und Anordnung mit einem zwei-stufigen Überspannungsschutz in Niederspannungsanlagen
DE19838776C2 (de) * 1998-08-26 2002-01-10 Dehn & Soehne Verfahren und Anordnung mit einem zwei-stufigen Überspannungsschutz in Niederspannungsanlagen
DE10104515B4 (de) * 2000-12-27 2005-08-25 Vick, Ralf, Dr.-Ing. Elektronische Hochspannungsschalteranordnung
CN102005754A (zh) * 2010-12-11 2011-04-06 株洲普天中普防雷科技有限公司 一种双层金属间隙型电涌保护方法及电涌保护器
CN102005754B (zh) * 2010-12-11 2013-08-07 株洲普天中普防雷科技有限公司 一种双层金属间隙型电涌保护方法及电涌保护器
US10919393B2 (en) * 2013-05-10 2021-02-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Surge arrester and method for operating a surge arrester
US20160087467A1 (en) * 2013-05-10 2016-03-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Surge arrester and method for operating a surge arrester
WO2017036803A1 (de) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 Epcos Ag Mehrfachfunkenstreckenableiter
JP2018525798A (ja) * 2015-08-31 2018-09-06 エプコス アクチエンゲゼルシャフトＥｐｃｏｓ Ａｇ 多重火花間隙避雷器
US10749316B2 (en) * 2015-08-31 2020-08-18 Epcos Ag Multiple spark-gap arrester
US20180054054A1 (en) * 2016-08-22 2018-02-22 Silicon Laboratories Inc. System and method of high speed, high voltage swing electrostatic discharge protection
US10454268B2 (en) * 2016-08-22 2019-10-22 Silicon Laboratories Inc. System and method of high speed, high voltage swing electrostatic discharge protection
WO2021115709A1 (de) * 2019-12-13 2021-06-17 Tdk Electronics Ag Vorrichtung zur ableitung von überspannungen und deren verwendung
US11894662B2 (en) 2019-12-13 2024-02-06 Tdk Electronics Ag Device for discharging over voltages and its use
US11374398B1 (en) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-28 Moxa Inc. Power management system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE361989B (sv) 1973-11-19
DE2227397A1 (de) 1974-01-03
JPS4964846A (sv) 1974-06-24
IT957988B (it) 1973-10-20
GB1354245A (en) 1974-06-05
DE2227397B2 (de) 1977-11-10
DE2227397C3 (de) 1978-06-22
CH540589A (de) 1973-08-15

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