US3847205A - Control apparatus for continuously casting liquid metal produced from consumable electrodes - Google Patents

Control apparatus for continuously casting liquid metal produced from consumable electrodes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3847205A
US3847205A US00294746A US29474672A US3847205A US 3847205 A US3847205 A US 3847205A US 00294746 A US00294746 A US 00294746A US 29474672 A US29474672 A US 29474672A US 3847205 A US3847205 A US 3847205A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal
electrode
electrodes
casting
alloyed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00294746A
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English (en)
Inventor
F Soykan
J Huntington
F Darmara
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALLEGHENY INTERNATIONAL ACCEPTANCE Corp
Special Metals Corp
Original Assignee
Special Metals Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Special Metals Corp filed Critical Special Metals Corp
Priority to US00294746A priority Critical patent/US3847205A/en
Priority to IT52854/73A priority patent/IT996233B/it
Priority to GB4118475A priority patent/GB1440144A/en
Priority to GB4599673A priority patent/GB1440143A/en
Priority to DE19732349744 priority patent/DE2349744A1/de
Priority to CA182,590A priority patent/CA992721A/en
Priority to JP11063973A priority patent/JPS5632069B2/ja
Priority to SE7313484A priority patent/SE419511B/xx
Priority to FR7335393A priority patent/FR2201144B1/fr
Priority to US503408A priority patent/US3920062A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3847205A publication Critical patent/US3847205A/en
Assigned to CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC., BOND COURT BLDG., STE. 615, 1300 E. 9TH ST., CLEVELAND, OH. 44114 reassignment CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC., BOND COURT BLDG., STE. 615, 1300 E. 9TH ST., CLEVELAND, OH. 44114 SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION
Assigned to AL-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, INC. reassignment AL-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, INC. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION A DE CORP
Assigned to ALLEGHENY INTERNATIONAL ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION reassignment ALLEGHENY INTERNATIONAL ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: AL- INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS INC.
Assigned to HELLER FINANCIAL, INC. reassignment HELLER FINANCIAL, INC. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION
Assigned to SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION reassignment SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC.
Assigned to SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION reassignment SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AL-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, INC., A CORP. OF PA, ALLEGHENY INTERNATIONAL, INC., A CORP. OF PA
Assigned to SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION reassignment SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HELLER FINANCIAL, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to CREDIT LYONNAIS NEW YORK BRANCH reassignment CREDIT LYONNAIS NEW YORK BRANCH SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/141—Plants for continuous casting for vertical casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • B22D23/10—Electroslag casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation

Definitions

  • control of the temperature of the molten steel often requires the use of preheated ladles and a preheated tundish; however, with preheating and controls, the volume of metal poured into the mold and its temperature are extremely difficult to control, meaning that the freezing or solidification rate of the resulting casting is also difficult to control.
  • the melting and casting processes are carried out in a controlled atmosphere, vacuum being the preferred means of controlling said atmosphere.
  • the method according to the present invention comprises the steps of providing an electrode from a metal ingot corresponding to the desired metallurgical composition of a billet to be continuously cast, striking an are between the consumable electrode and a second electrode, controlling the melting rate by adjusting the power input to the electrodes on the basis of a desired solidification rate, providing a controlled atmosphere for the melting of the consumable electrode in a tundish in a given quantity to homogenize the metallurgical constitutents of the liquid metal, continuously passing the homogenized metal from the tundish into an openended fluid cooled mold to partially solidify the metal and form a billet thereof, continuously withdrawing the partially solidified billet from the mold, further cooling the billet withdrawn from the mold, and discharging the solidified casting from within the controlled atmosphere. Additionally, there may be incorporated the step of severing the solidified casting into billets of predetermined length.
  • the control apparatus includes a power supply having control means for adjusting the power delivered to the electrodes for varying the rate of continuous melting of the consumable electrode.
  • the apparatus further includes an electrode position control for maintaining a predetermined arc gap between the electrodes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a second embodiment of the electrode melting apparatus for delivering liquid metal to the continuous casting apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a third embodiment of the electrode melting apparatus using two consumable electrodes.
  • a tundish 10 having a heating source (e.g., an induction coil 11 for preheating the tundish to prevent premature freezing of liquid metal passing into it from consumable electrode 52 and fluid cooled non-consumable stool 54.)
  • the tundish also includes a skimmer wall 14 to prevent the outflow of slag or other impurities which may be floating on the metal surface in the tundish.
  • a nozzle 15 directs the metal passing from the tundish into an open-ended continuous casting mold 16.
  • the mold includes walls which form water passageways for withdrawing heat from the liquid metal to form a partially solidified casting in the form of a billet. Other shapes and forms of casting may be provided through the use of different molds.
  • a vacuum line 23a to evacuate housing 23 and an inert gas supply line 23b to provide an inert atmosphere for melting and solidification of the casting are connected to housing 23.
  • vacuum line 23a and/or inert gas supply line 23b could be used to provide the desired controlled atmosphere.
  • a dynamic seal 24 at the lower end of the housing 23 prevents contamination of the atmosphere within the housing.
  • This seal incorporates a plurality of vacuum chambers each connected to a vacuum line (e.g., 25a, 25b and 25c, respectively).
  • the billet casting may be cut into desired billet lengths by a cut-off blade 26 driven by a motor 26a.
  • this electrode is formed from an ingot of pre-alloyed metal corresponding in composition to that of the ultimate billets to be continuously cast.
  • a non-consumable fluid cooled stool 54 below this electrode is a non-consumable fluid cooled stool 54.
  • the electrode and stool are connected by transmission lines 30 and 31, respectively, to a power supply 32 and a potentiometer 33 having a slide wire 34 manually set to vary the power delivered from the supply 32 to the electrode and the stool.
  • the electrode 52 is contained within a chamber 51 within which it is supported vertically by means of support rod assembly 53. This support rod assembly 53 permits adjusting the position of the electrode to strike an arc on the non-consumable stool or electrode 54.
  • the term electrode means either a consumable or nonconsumable electrode. As will be seen in some embodiments only one electrode is consumable; while in others both are consumable. As liquid metal droplets fall from the consumable electrode 52, they form a shallow pool on the stool 54 from where the liquid metal flows into a preheated tundish 10. The tundish can be heated by electrical induction or resistance or other means 11.
  • a skimmer wall 14 prevents the outflowing of slag or other impurities which may float upon the surface of the metal.
  • the nozzle 15 directs the liquid metal into the upper end of the mold 16 wherein initial solidification of the casting occurs.
  • the guide rolls 1? contact the casting as it is delivered from the mold.
  • the billet travels downwardly through the pinch rolls 19, guide rolls 22 and through the dynamic seal 24.
  • the power supply to the electrode and stool is controlled in a manner such that the volume of liquid metal which is poured into the casting mold is controlled to achieve the desired freezing rate and grain structure in the resulting casting.
  • the entire system from chamber 51 through housing 23, including the intermediate segment surrounding tundish 10 and pouring nozzle 15, is enclosed and sealed, as shown, so as to provide a controlled atmosphere, e.g., vacuum or inert gas.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the same embodiment of FIG. 1, except for a different pouring nozzle 59 which receives molten metal from stool 58 and directs the molten metal into'mold l6.
  • Pouring nozzle may be heated by means of the electrical resistance or induction coils 60. At least partial homogenization of the molten metal will occur in the pouring nozzle as in the tundish.
  • the use of the stool S4 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and stool 58 according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 provides an immediate shallow pool area for collecting liquid metal droplets from the electrode.
  • the depth of the pool is selected for optimum temperature of the metal flowing from the stool. This depth is usually less than one-third the diameter of the electrode 52.
  • Miniscus level control in the mold is governed by the withdrawal rolls 19 which are driven by a motor 21.
  • the speed of this motor is controlled by a signal from a height sensing transducer 43 connected through conductor 44 to control amplifier 45 and servo system 46.
  • the miniscus level rises or falls within the mold; and the signal level from the liquid level transducer changes in proportion to the height.
  • the speed of motor 21 is changed in accordance with the signal level in such a way as to maintain the miniscus height within predetermined limits.
  • an embodiment which includes two consumable electrodes 12 and 13 in the preferred form. These electrodes are formed from ingots of prealloyed metal corresponding in composition to that of the ultimate billets to be continuously cast.
  • the electrodes are connected by electrical transmission lines 30 and 31 respectively to a polarity reversing switch 71 and through other electrical transmission lines 73 and 74, respectively, to power supply 32.
  • a potentiometer 33 having a slide wire 34 is manually set to vary the power delivered from the supply 32 to the electrodes.
  • a sight glass 35 is provided in the housing for viewing the arc gap between the electrodes which are adjusted to continually maintain a predetermined arc gap by hydraulic drives 36 and 37.
  • Lines 380 and 38b connect the hydraulic drives to a servo system 40 which is controlled by an electrode position control 39 through the lines 40a and 40b; Electrodes 12 and 13 are oscillated at least 180 about their axes in opposite directions by means of motors 69 and 70. Oscillation speed is controlled through a timer, not
  • the apparatus is placed in operation by adjusting the relative position of the consumable electrodes 12 and 13 through the operation of hydraulic drives 36 and 37 to obtain proper spacing for striking an electric arc.
  • Current passes through the lines 30 and 31 in order to strike an arc and melt the electrodes.
  • Proper spacing and centering of the electrodes is maintained by the electrode position control 39 as the electrodes are continuously consumed.
  • the electrodes 12 and 13 are continually oscillated by means of motors 69 and 70 to insure uniform burnoff across the opposing faces of the electrodes during the melting process. The character of the arc is observed through the sight port 35.
  • the polarities of the electrodes are preferably changed periodically by means of polarity reversing switch 71.
  • Molten metal from the electrodes is collected to form a pool of liquid metal and homogenize it in tundish 10, which may be similar to that described in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the metal from tundish it) flows under skimmer l4 and through nozzle 15 into the continuous casting mold 16. The remainder of the process is identical with that described in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • An apparatus for continuously casting prealloyed metal at a predetermined freezing rate to achieve a desired grain structure in the resulting casting comprising:
  • first and second electrodes forming a gap within said enclosed chamber for striking an arc therein, at least one of said electrodes being an ingot and the sole supply of pre-alloyed metal having a composition corresponding to the composition of a prealloyed continuous casting to be ultimately formed,
  • a power supply connected to said electrodes for melting the electrode of pre-alloyed metal
  • electrode position control means including a drive for adjusting said gap to maintain an arc between said electrodes
  • an open-ended fluid-cooled mold receiving a continuous stream of molten metal from said means for collecting liquid metal and partially solidifying the molten metal to continuously form apartially solidified casting
  • adjustable control means to vary the power delivered by said power supply to said electrodes for controllably varying the rate of continuous melting of the pre-alloyed electrode on the basis of a predetermined solidification rate of the pre-alloyed metal by said mold to form said pre-alloyed casting with a desired grain structure
  • said first electrode includes a consumable ingot of prealloyed metal
  • said second electrode comprises a stool for collecting a pool of liquid metal from said ingot.
  • control means includes a potentiometer having an adjustable slide wire for selecting a desired melting rate.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
US00294746A 1972-10-03 1972-10-03 Control apparatus for continuously casting liquid metal produced from consumable electrodes Expired - Lifetime US3847205A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00294746A US3847205A (en) 1972-10-03 1972-10-03 Control apparatus for continuously casting liquid metal produced from consumable electrodes
IT52854/73A IT996233B (it) 1972-10-03 1973-10-01 Procedimento ed apparecchio di controllo per la colata continua di metallo liquido prodotto a par tire da elettrodi consumabili
GB4599673A GB1440143A (en) 1972-10-03 1973-10-02 Control method for continuously casting liquid metal produced from a consumable electrode
GB4118475A GB1440144A (en) 1972-10-03 1973-10-02 Control apparatus for continuously casting liquid metal produced from a consumable electrode
CA182,590A CA992721A (en) 1972-10-03 1973-10-03 Control method and apparatus for continuously casting liquid metal produced from consumable electrodes
JP11063973A JPS5632069B2 (enExample) 1972-10-03 1973-10-03
SE7313484A SE419511B (sv) 1972-10-03 1973-10-03 Forfarande for strenggjutning av forlegerad metall som tillfores fran konsumerbar elektrod samt anordning genomforande av forfarandet
FR7335393A FR2201144B1 (enExample) 1972-10-03 1973-10-03
DE19732349744 DE2349744A1 (de) 1972-10-03 1973-10-03 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen vergiessen von ueber sich verbrauchende elektroden zugefuehrten vorlegierten metallen
US503408A US3920062A (en) 1972-10-03 1974-09-05 Control method for continuously casting liquid metal produced from consumable electrodes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00294746A US3847205A (en) 1972-10-03 1972-10-03 Control apparatus for continuously casting liquid metal produced from consumable electrodes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3847205A true US3847205A (en) 1974-11-12

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US00294746A Expired - Lifetime US3847205A (en) 1972-10-03 1972-10-03 Control apparatus for continuously casting liquid metal produced from consumable electrodes

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3847205A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5632069B2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA992721A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2349744A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2201144B1 (enExample)
GB (2) GB1440144A (enExample)
IT (1) IT996233B (enExample)
SE (1) SE419511B (enExample)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3018290A1 (de) * 1979-05-14 1980-11-27 Special Metals Corp Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen feinkoerniger gusstuecke
EP0218536A3 (en) * 1985-10-03 1987-09-02 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation A method of forming a fine-grained equiaxed casting
US10155263B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2018-12-18 Ati Properties Llc Continuous casting of materials using pressure differential
US11975384B2 (en) 2019-07-22 2024-05-07 Foundry Lab Limited Casting mould

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2424781A1 (fr) * 1978-05-03 1979-11-30 Inst Elektroswarki Patona Installation pour l'elaboration de gros lingots sous laitier electroconducteur
US5735212A (en) 1994-08-09 1998-04-07 Baldwin-Japan Ltd. Cylinder cleaning apparatus
AT406384B (de) * 1996-01-29 2000-04-25 Inteco Int Techn Beratung Verfahren zum elektroschlacke-strangschmelzen von metallen
US8689856B1 (en) * 2013-03-05 2014-04-08 Rti International Metals, Inc. Method of making long ingots (cutting in furnace)
WO2022029300A1 (de) 2020-08-06 2022-02-10 Sms Group Gmbh VAKUUM-INDUKTIONS-GIEßEINRICHTUNG ZUM GIEßEN VON METALL UND METALLLEGIERUNGEN UNTER VAKUUM UND/ODER SCHUTZGASATMOSPHÄRE SOWIE VERFAHREN ZUM WECHSELN EINER STOPFENSTANGE UND/ODER EINES VERSCHLUSSKÖRPERS EINER STOPFENGIEßVORRICHTUNG AN EINER VAKUUM-INDUKTIONS-GIEßEINRICHTUNG
CN112536428B (zh) * 2020-12-04 2022-07-15 东北特殊钢集团股份有限公司 一种φ1600mm～φ1850mm大型抽锭式电渣锭生产方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3650311A (en) * 1969-05-14 1972-03-21 Sandel Ind Inc Method for homogeneous refining and continuously casting metals and alloys
US3764297A (en) * 1971-08-18 1973-10-09 Airco Inc Method and apparatus for purifying metal

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3650311A (en) * 1969-05-14 1972-03-21 Sandel Ind Inc Method for homogeneous refining and continuously casting metals and alloys
US3764297A (en) * 1971-08-18 1973-10-09 Airco Inc Method and apparatus for purifying metal

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3018290A1 (de) * 1979-05-14 1980-11-27 Special Metals Corp Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen feinkoerniger gusstuecke
US4261412A (en) * 1979-05-14 1981-04-14 Special Metals Corporation Fine grain casting method
EP0218536A3 (en) * 1985-10-03 1987-09-02 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation A method of forming a fine-grained equiaxed casting
US10155263B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2018-12-18 Ati Properties Llc Continuous casting of materials using pressure differential
US10272487B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2019-04-30 Ati Properties Llc Continuous casting of materials using pressure differential
US11975384B2 (en) 2019-07-22 2024-05-07 Foundry Lab Limited Casting mould

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT996233B (it) 1975-12-10
JPS4972130A (enExample) 1974-07-12
DE2349744A1 (de) 1974-04-11
SE419511B (sv) 1981-08-10
CA992721A (en) 1976-07-13
GB1440143A (en) 1976-06-23
FR2201144B1 (enExample) 1980-07-04
GB1440144A (en) 1976-06-23
JPS5632069B2 (enExample) 1981-07-25
FR2201144A1 (enExample) 1974-04-26

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Owner name: AL-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, INC. 2700 TWO OLIVER PLAZA

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