US3844897A - Mixing device - Google Patents

Mixing device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3844897A
US3844897A US00314280A US31428072A US3844897A US 3844897 A US3844897 A US 3844897A US 00314280 A US00314280 A US 00314280A US 31428072 A US31428072 A US 31428072A US 3844897 A US3844897 A US 3844897A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
shaft
housing
gas
openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00314280A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Mueller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chemap AG
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH1813671A external-priority patent/CH531892A/de
Priority claimed from CH133372A external-priority patent/CH548221A/de
Priority claimed from CH268972A external-priority patent/CH568383A5/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3844897A publication Critical patent/US3844897A/en
Assigned to CHEMAP AG reassignment CHEMAP AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: MULLER, HANS
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C12M27/04—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements with introduction of gas through the stirrer or mixing element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/233—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
    • B01F23/2332—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements the stirrer rotating about a horizontal axis; Stirrers therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C12M27/06—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements with horizontal or inclined stirrer shaft or axis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/18—Flow directing inserts
    • C12M27/20—Baffles; Ribs; Ribbons; Auger vanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/02—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of foam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis

Definitions

  • An elongated housing has a substantially horizontal longitudinal axis and is arranged to accommodate a body of liquid.
  • a rotatable shaft extends through the housing along the axis and carries a plurality of mixing elements for rotation with it; each mixing element is disk-shaped and configurated so as to axially draw in and peripherally expel the ambient liquid.
  • Gas inlets are provided each of which is associated with one of the mixing elements in the region where the same axially draws in the ambient liquid.
  • the present invention relates to a mixing device in general, and more particularly to a device for admixing gases with liquids, especially for the purpose of cultivating arobic microorganisms in liquid nutrient medium while supplying air, oxygen or other oxygencontaining gases.
  • Devices of this type are already well known. They are used, for instance, for the purpose of cultivating various microorganisms such as yeast, molds or the like, and should ideally be capable of admixing the liquid and gas so intimately that the organisms suspended in the nutrient medium, namely the liquid, can contact the oxygen and the nutrient in the liquid as directly as possible. At the same time, the supply of nutrients and the removal of reaction products should be maintained during the entire time during which a culture is accommodated in the mixing vessel housing.
  • the prior-art devices use vessels which accommodate the liquid and which are provided with agitating'or mixing instrumentalities; gas is introduced into the vessel and it is the purpose of the mixing instrumentalities to attempt to admix the gas with the liquid.
  • Another type of construction supplies an arrangement which moves the liquid in form of a thin layer or vail in the housing, in order to obtain as large as possible an interface with the gas.
  • the first-mentioned type of construction utilizes relatively rapidly rotating mixing instrumentalities and require a rather high supply of energy, not only for their rotation but also for the admission of the gas which is to be distributed, if the apparatus is intended for substantial capacities and if therefore a substantial amount of liquid is to be accommodated in it at any given time.
  • an object of the present invention to provide for such an improved apparatus which is capable of achieving a highly satisfactory and very intimate admixture of gas and liquid, while requiring only a small amount of energy for the introduction of the gas into the vessel and into the liquid accommodated therein.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such an apparatus which is relatively simple in its construction and therefore inexpensive to produce.
  • the device comprises an elongated housing having a substantially horizontal longitudinal axis and adapted to accommodate a body of liquid.
  • a rotatable shaft extends in the housing along the axis, and a plurality of mixing elements is mounted on the shaft for rotation therewith, each being configurated as a disk-shaped element which axially draws in and peripherally expels the ambient liquid.
  • a plurality of gas inlets are provided, each of which is associated with one of the mixing elements and is located in the region where the same axially draws in the ambient liquid.
  • lt is particularly advantageous, although not absolutely necessary, if the shaft and the admixing elements are surrounded by a guide baffle of tubular configuration, provided intermediate the respective axially spaced mixing elements with larger inlet or suction openings through which the elements can draw fluid, and in the region of the periphery of the elements with smaller dispersion openings through which the elements can expel a mixture of liquid and gas to the outside of the baffle.
  • FIG. I is a somewhat diagrammatic axial section of an apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary section of detail view, on an enlarged scale, of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken on line A-B of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a section taken on line CD of FIG. 2 and FIG. is a view similar to FIG. 4, but of a further embodiment.
  • the housing is designated with reference numeral 1. It is intended to accommodate a liquid, such as a nutrient medium, and is surrounded by a jacket 2 in order to make it possible to heat and/or cool the housing 1 by circulation of an appropriate heat exchange fluid.
  • the longitudinal axis of the housing 1 is arranged substantially horizontally and extending along it is a shaft 3 which can be driven from motor 4 via a belt drive 5 or similar means. It is, however, expressly pointed out that the shaft 3 need not be located directly on the longitudinal axis of the housing 1, and that other means for driving it in rotation can also be employed.
  • the motor 4 and the belt drive 5 are located outside the housing 1, engaging a portion of the shaft which extends to the exterior thereof.
  • the shaft carries a plurality of mixing instrumentalities or elements which are axially spaced from one another along the shaft, advantageously at equal dis tances, and which are so constructed that they will draw in liquid in axial direction of the shaft, and will expel it in peripheral direction, that is transversely of the shaft.
  • the drawing shows different possibilities of construction for the mixing elements, and such different possibilities may be provided in one or the same apparatus or only one or to or more together may be provided in one and the same apparatus.
  • the instrumentality 7 has paddles which are annularly shielded in axial direction, or which are open as indicated at reference numeral 7". Another possibility is designated with reference numeral 8, showing the paddles open at one side and closed at the other.
  • the mixing instrumentalities are surrounded in this embodiment by the tubular guide baffle 6 provided with openings of various different sizes. Large openings 9 for drawing in liquid admixed with gas by the mixing instrumentalities are provided intermediate the adjacent mixing instrumentalities, and in the vicinity of the peripheral of the individual mixing instrumentalities the guide baffle is provided with smaller openings 10 and larger slot-shaped openings 1].
  • a conduit 13 is provided through which the gas or gases to be admixed with the liquid contents of the housing I are supplied. It is provided with several branches which extend through the openings 9 in the baffle 6 and which are provided with inlets in form of nozzles 14 which are located axially in the vicinity of the respective mixing instrumentalities.
  • An inlet 19 is provided communicating with the housing I for admission of the liquid therein, and an outlet 20 permits the removal of the liquid; it should be noted that the inlet and outlet are located at opposite axial ends of the housing I so that the liquid admitted will sequentially pass through the regions of effectiveness of the several mixing instrumentalities mounted on the common drive shaft 3. This means that the reaction, such as a fermentation process, can be carried out continuously or, at the option of an operator, in batches.
  • Recirculation can be achieved via a pump (not shown) whose suction side is connected with the outlet 20 and whose pressure side is connected with the inlet 19. Spent or excess gas is expelled through the outlet 18 by the rotating foam separator I7 which is driven by a motor 16 and accommodated in the tubular extention 15 which extends upwardly from the housing 1 and communicates with the same as shown.
  • FIG. 1 different size openings may be provided in the guide baffle 6.
  • the various possibilities which have been shown in FIG. 1 can be all provided in one and the same apparatus, or they can be singly or in any desired combination provided in an apparatus.
  • only fine openings are provided in the baffle in the region of the mixing instrumentalities 7, fine openings and downwardly enlarged slot-shaped openings are provided in the region of the instrumentalities 7', fine openings at one side of the axis of rotation of the shaft 3 and larger slot-shaped openings at the other side of the axis of rotation are provided in the region of the instrumentalities 7, and as shown in FIGS.
  • the baffle may be provided in the region of the instrumentalities 8 with small openings over its entire circumference but at one point with a coaxially arranged slot 12. It is also possible to make the shaft 3 hollow and to supply the gas through it into the housing 1, in which case the shaft would of course have to provided with openings which, according to the invention, would be located in the region of the individual mixing instrumentalities.
  • the mixing instrumentalities are illustrated with a portion of their surrounding guide baffle in FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale. It will be seen that above the center line the guide baffle is shown in elevation and below it in section.
  • the mixing instrumentalities are provided with radial paddles 21 which are mounted on a center hub 22 and are shielded in axial direction by a ring member 23. Thus, the axially drawn-in liquid is guided within this thus-constructed paddle wheel.
  • the guide baffle is provided only with a plurality of small dispersing openings 10, and has at one location a longitudinally extending slot-shaped opening 12 the boundary edges of which are so bevelled that liquid which is peripherally ejected or expelled by the instrumentality 8 can tangentially leave the guide baffle, whereas over the remainder of the periphery of the guide baffle it is caused to pass through the small openings I0, as shown in section in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows at the right-hand side another mixing instrumentality whose construction is identical with the one shown at the left-hand side.
  • the guide baffle is provided with openings arranged and dimensioned differently from those associated with the instrumentality at the left-hand side of FIG. 2.
  • the circumference of the guide baffle is provided over one axial half of the elongation of the instrumentality 8 with small dispersing openings 10
  • the guide baffle is provided in its periphery with large slot-shaped openings 11, with the expulsion of liquid through the openings 11 taking place in the manner indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4.
  • the openings 10 or the openings 11-12 might be favored. in other words, it may be desired to have more of the openings 10 and fewer of the openings 11, 12, or vice versa. What is important is that the various types of openings are provided in one and the same guide baffle so that the dispersion effect of ejected liquid and the shear effect of liquid ejected through the larger openings will take place simultaneously in the housing 1, in addition to the mixing and circulating effect obtained by the rotation of the mixing instrumentalities.
  • the amount of current drawn by the motor 4 will also vary and this can be used as a determinator which automatically triggers the means for varying the size of the openings in the guide baffles.
  • Such arrangements can be used to particular advantage in case of batchwise operation. in which the characteristics of the liquid-gas mixture change as the process progresses. or else in the case of test installations in order to be able to provide an accommodation to different applications.
  • a device for mixing liquid and gas, especially for mixing gaseous fluid into liquid nutrients in fermentation processes comprising an elongated housing having a substantially horizontal longitudinal axis, and adapted to accommodate a body of liquid; a rotatable shaft extending in said housing along said axis; a plurality of mixing elements mounted on said shaft for rotation therewith and each configured as a disc-shaped element which axially draws in and peripherally expells the ambient liquid; said elements being spaced axially of said shaft and having respective peripheries; a tubular guide baffle surrounding said shaft and elements in said housing and having larger suction openings located intermediate the respective elements for said mixing elements to draw fluid therethrough, and smaller dispersing openings in the region of the respective periphery for discharge of a gas and liquid mixture to the exterior of said baffle; a conduit extending along said horizontal axis and comprising a plurality of branches extending through axially spaced openings in said baffle; and a plurality of gas inlets, each associated with one of said branches and one
  • a device as defined in claim 2 further comprising gas conduits extending through said suction openings and provided with said gas inlets.
  • a device as defined in claim 1 said shaft being hollow and arranged to communicate with a source of gas, and said gas inlets being provided in said shaft so as to admit gas from said inlets into said housing.
  • a device for mixing liquid and gas especially for mixing gaseous fluid into liquid nutrients in fermentation processes, comprising an elongated housing having a substantially horizontal longitudinal axis, and adapted to accommodate a body of liquid; a rotatable shaft extending in said housing along said axis; at least one mixing element mounted on said shaft for rotation therewith and configured as a disc-shaped element which axially draws in and peripherally expels the ambient liquid; said element being spaced axially of said shaft; a tubular guide baffle surrounding said shaft and element in said housing; a conduit extending along said horizontal axis and comprising a plurality of branches extending through axially spaced openings in said baffle; and at least one gas inlet associated with said mixing element, and located in the region where said mixing element axially draw the ambient liquid.
  • a device as defined in claim 11 and wherein said guide baffle has at least one larger slot-shaped opening through which said element draws fluid, and a plurality of smaller dispersion openings for said element to discharge a gas and liquid mixture therethrough and to the exterior of said guide baffle.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
US00314280A 1971-12-10 1972-12-11 Mixing device Expired - Lifetime US3844897A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1813671A CH531892A (de) 1971-12-10 1971-12-10 Vorrichtung zum Begasen von Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere zur Zumischung von Gasen in flüssige Nährmedien bei Fermentationsprozessen
CH133372A CH548221A (de) 1972-01-28 1972-01-28 Vorrichtung zum begasen von fluessigkeiten, insbesondere zur zumischung von gasen in fluessige naehrmedien bei fermentationsprozessen.
CH268972A CH568383A5 (en) 1972-02-28 1972-02-28 Liquid aerator - for nutrient media and microorganisms in fermentation with impellers in perforated guide tubes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3844897A true US3844897A (en) 1974-10-29

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ID=27172903

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00314280A Expired - Lifetime US3844897A (en) 1971-12-10 1972-12-11 Mixing device

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3844897A (sv)
JP (1) JPS569315B2 (sv)
DD (1) DD101293A5 (sv)
DE (1) DE2260249C3 (sv)
FR (1) FR2162684B3 (sv)
GB (1) GB1399520A (sv)
SE (1) SE384689B (sv)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003057818A2 (en) * 2001-12-26 2003-07-17 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process and apparatus for performing a gas-sparged reaction
US20130032957A1 (en) * 2011-08-04 2013-02-07 Nicholson Hugh B Aeration system
US20150190763A1 (en) * 2012-11-27 2015-07-09 Kabushikikaisha Seiwa Aeration nozzle, and blockage removal method for said aeration nozzle

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH634231A5 (de) * 1978-10-10 1983-01-31 Chemap Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum begasen von fluessigkeiten.
JPS5817823U (ja) * 1981-07-28 1983-02-03 株式会社東芝 炊飯器
US4542683A (en) * 1982-12-07 1985-09-24 Robert Morton Dg Limited Brewing apparatus
DE4112236C1 (sv) * 1991-04-15 1992-07-09 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh, 5170 Juelich, De
CN113499702A (zh) * 2021-07-21 2021-10-15 浙江绍兴福元科技有限公司 一种染料溶解输送系统

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3460810A (en) * 1966-07-04 1969-08-12 Process Engineering Co Mixer

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3460810A (en) * 1966-07-04 1969-08-12 Process Engineering Co Mixer

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003057818A2 (en) * 2001-12-26 2003-07-17 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process and apparatus for performing a gas-sparged reaction
US20030175186A1 (en) * 2001-12-26 2003-09-18 Cohen Jeffrey David Process and apparatus for performing a gas-sparged reaction
WO2003057818A3 (en) * 2001-12-26 2004-04-08 Du Pont Process and apparatus for performing a gas-sparged reaction
US7201884B2 (en) 2001-12-26 2007-04-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process and apparatus for performing a gas-sparged reaction
US20130032957A1 (en) * 2011-08-04 2013-02-07 Nicholson Hugh B Aeration system
US9089822B2 (en) * 2011-08-04 2015-07-28 Hugh B. Nicholson Aeration system
US20150190763A1 (en) * 2012-11-27 2015-07-09 Kabushikikaisha Seiwa Aeration nozzle, and blockage removal method for said aeration nozzle
US9731252B2 (en) * 2012-11-27 2017-08-15 Kabushikikaisha Seiwa Aeration nozzle, and blockage removal method for said aeration nozzle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2260249B2 (de) 1980-03-27
JPS569315B2 (sv) 1981-02-28
DD101293A5 (sv) 1973-11-05
SE384689B (sv) 1976-05-17
DE2260249C3 (de) 1980-11-20
DE2260249A1 (de) 1973-06-20
JPS4862986A (sv) 1973-09-01
FR2162684B3 (sv) 1976-01-09
FR2162684A1 (sv) 1973-07-20
GB1399520A (en) 1975-07-02

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Owner name: CHEMAP AG

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MULLER, HANS;REEL/FRAME:004117/0791

Effective date: 19830318