US3842978A - Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3842978A
US3842978A US00236693A US23669372A US3842978A US 3842978 A US3842978 A US 3842978A US 00236693 A US00236693 A US 00236693A US 23669372 A US23669372 A US 23669372A US 3842978 A US3842978 A US 3842978A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sand
botanical
chamber
per minute
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00236693A
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English (en)
Inventor
T Summers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brown and Williamson Holdings Inc
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Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corp filed Critical Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corp
Priority to US00236693A priority Critical patent/US3842978A/en
Priority to BR008936/72A priority patent/BR7208936D0/pt
Priority to GB5900572A priority patent/GB1390686A/en
Priority to CA161,894A priority patent/CA962973A/en
Priority to ZA731781A priority patent/ZA731781B/xx
Priority to AU53378/73A priority patent/AU472451B2/en
Priority to FR7309970A priority patent/FR2176959B1/fr
Priority to DE2313847A priority patent/DE2313847C3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3842978A publication Critical patent/US3842978A/en
Priority to US05/716,392 priority patent/USRE29625E/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/08—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B03B4/005—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs the currents being pulsating, e.g. pneumatic jigs; combination of continuous and pulsating currents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B03B4/02—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs using swinging or shaking tables

Definitions

  • the fines are often found in combination with sand.
  • the tobacco fines cannot be directly processed to a'reconstituted sheet because of the sand present and the sand must, therefore, be removed before further processing. Similar problems arise with other botanical materials.
  • sand can be separated from botanical materials, particularly tobacco, employ ing a fluidized bed with a particular type of support.
  • the fluidized bed is of generally standard configuration and employs a flow of a fluid, preferably a gas such as, for example, air through the bottom to maintain the solids over the support level in a fluidized condition.
  • a fluid preferably a gas such as, for example, air
  • air is employed as the fluid medium.
  • any fluid may be employed which provides the result desired. While air may be forced through the system by a blower located at the bottom, it has been found preferable to employ vacuum, both for the steady flow and for any superimposed pulsed flow.
  • the primary difference between a standard fluidized bed and the one according to the present invention is in the support for the fluidized material.
  • the support is formed from a plurality of particles, preferably spherical beads, held between wire screening.
  • the beads are formed of an abrasion resistant material, such as steel. However, other materials, including glass and ceramic beads can be employed.
  • This bed of particles acts as a filter during the separation, preventing too great a flow of the botanical which should be passed upwardly in the system, as opposed to the sand which should filter through the support.
  • a superimposed air pulsation should be employed.
  • the duration of the pulse, relative to the time between pulses, should be very small.
  • the use of this superimposed pulse aids in reducing the content of sand found in the botanical which is passed upwardly.
  • improved results are found with a reduction in the velocity ofthe steady air flow, feed rate, and resi dence time within the fluidized bed.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a baffle to be placed in the tapered section of the fluidized bed vessel.
  • a fluidized bed 1 is provided with a mixture of sand and botanical material by screw conveyor 2. This means of transferring the sand and botanical material to be separated is preferred, but an air stream can be employed for the transfer.
  • the mixture of sand and botanical material is fed to the screw conveyor through a series of hoppers 3 and 4 and a feed chute 5.
  • the feed chute may be vibratory.
  • a vibratory feed chute When a vibratory feed chute is employed, a preliminary separation can be accomplished employing a sieve 6 with the finer particle sand being deposited in receptacle 7.
  • This screw feeder can be attached to the column by a flexible rubber septum having an air-tight seal which allows the column to vibrate without drastically affecting the screw feeder.
  • the fluidized bed I is provided with flexible supports [0 and 11 so as to allow for vibration of the unit to aid in fluidization. Means 12 for creating a vibration are also illustrated.
  • the mixture of sand and botanical material is maintained in a fluidized state in section 13 of the fluidized bed.
  • a support forming a portion of the subject of the present invention, is provided in area 14 of the bed.
  • the support includes two wire mesh screens 15 and 16 which define the support area 14.
  • Within the support area 14 a plurality of closely packed particles are provided.
  • the particles are preferably spherical, but irregular granules, rings, and saddles can also be employed.
  • any abrasion resistant material can be used, including steel and glass. Additionally, other materials such as ceramics, thermo-setting resins, etc., can be used.
  • the sand, separated from the botanical material filters through the bed of particles in section 14 and is collected in receptable 17.
  • the height of the particle bed on which the mixture of botanicals and tobacco is supported will generally range from about A to 1 /2 inches.
  • the vibration of the fluidized bed column serves a number of functions. It first vibrates the particles which form the bed to prevent channeling. As a second function, the vibration acts to distribute the tobacco and sand on the top screen, Further, the vibration aids in conveying the sand in the support out of the system.
  • the rate of vibration is from about to 2,400 cycles per minute, preferably about L000 to 1,400.
  • an air flow through the system is created by a vacuum pump 20.
  • a vacuum pump 20 Any suitable vacuum source can be employed.
  • This pulsed air flow is superimposed on the steady, or con' stant, air flow.
  • a control means 21 actuates valves 22 and 23 so as to maintain the steady flow and, at the desired intervals, superimpose the desired pulsed flow.
  • a mixture of the botanical, such as tobacco, and air flows through riser 30 to a cyclone separator 31.
  • any type of separator for separation of solid particles from a gas can be employed here.
  • the botanical material is separated from the air and falls into receptacle 32, while the gas continues through riser 33 to the vacuum source.
  • One factor which allows operation according to the present invention is the difference in settling times between particles of sand and particles of tobacco of equal size, in a moving air stream. For example, with 20 mesh particles, tobacco has a settling velocity of approximately l25 centimeters per second. while the velocity for sand of the same size is approximately 350 centimeters per second. Similarly, with particle sizes of 50 mesh, the values are 80 centimeters per second for tobacco and 200 for sand; at lOO mesh particle size the values are approximately 45 centimeters per second for tobacco and 95 for sand.
  • the terminal velocity of 30 mesh tobacco is essentially the same as that of 100 mesh sand. For that reason, screening or sieving of the feed to the fluidized bed is preferred so that the maximum content of particles of 100 mesh and below is no more than 2 percent.
  • the support for the material in the fluidized bed is formed from two wire screens holding particulate material between them. lt is important that the open area remaining between these particles is from 5 to 30 percent of the column diameter.
  • the size of the openings between the particles must be great enough for the larger particles of sand being sepa rated to pass through. For 30 mesh particles. these openings should be at least 0.6 mm.
  • the particles held between the screens be spherical.
  • spherical particles When spherical particles are used they should have a diameter of from 2 to 5 mm., preferably about 3 mm. It has also been found that 3-center packing is preferable, but that too strict an adherence to 3-center packing can create operational problems, particularly blocking. To avoid this problem of blocking, it has been found desirable to employ a mixture of particle sizes or a tolerance of :20 percent in the sizing ofthe beads placed in the support.
  • the size of the wires IS and 16 holding the filtering particles is not critical, but is preferably about mesh. This size is desired to prevent these particles in the support from passing through the screens.
  • the fine particles of sand will gradually filter through.
  • the botanical material, particularly tobacco generally does not approach a spherical configuration, as does the sand, and thus has at least one dimension greater than the other two. For this reason, it is much more difficult for the botanical to filter through the support bed and a minimal amount of botanical passes through.
  • the velocity of air in the static air flow will vary with the size of the unit being operated, higher flow rates being employed with larger units.
  • the static air flow velocity should be between about [.2 and 41 feet per minute, preferably between l5 and 30 feet per minute.
  • the air velocity should vary from about 30 to 100 feet per minute, preferably 50 to 75 feet per min- UTE.
  • the gas pulsations serve two primary purposes.
  • the superimposed gas flow aids in separation, primarily by accelerating the removal of tobacco from the fluidized bed column.
  • it aids in cleaning the porous bed support by removing particles of botanicals which may have begun to filter through from the bed, and by returning these particles to the fluidized mixture above the support.
  • the pulsation velocity should be from about l5 to 88 feet per minute, preferably from about 35 to feet per minute.
  • the duration of each pulse should be about 0.5 to 10 seconds and the pulse frequency should be from about onehalf to sixty per minute.
  • a vacuum source beyond the solid-gas separator is preferable. This preference is based upon practical and economical mechanics, rather than technical considerations. If the air flow is created by a pump below the support bed, then an air lock would be necessary for periodic discharge of the sand separated from the botanical material. Due to the abrasive nature of the sand, the life of the air lock would be relatively short. Employing a vacuum source, such as a pump, in a portion of the system not contacted by solids, or, if contacted by solids, by relatively small amounts of the less abrasive botanical material, this problem is ameliorated.
  • a concentric cone baffle 40 such as illustrated in FIG. 2, is placed within the upwardly tapering portion of the vessel.
  • the baffles serve two purposes. They direct the air flow away from the center of the vessel where the sand content is greatest and they also reduce the amount of material contained in the column at any given time.
  • the amount of botanical which can be recovered is approximately 90 percent of that fed to the system.
  • the sand content of this botanical material is less than 5 percent.
  • the material is particularly useful in the formation of a reconstituted tobacco sheet.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A system constructed according to PK]. 1 and having a 3 inch diameter column was employed. A 2,000 part sample having approximately 50 percent sand was divided into several equal parts. One part was processed at a feed rate of 1 part per second at a pulse velocity of 40 feet per minute and a steady velocity of 14 feet per minute. The pulse duration was 1.5 seconds and the frequency was 24 per minute. The support bed employed beneath the fluidized bed was formed from glass beads having a diameter of 4 millimeters. The system was vibrated at L000 cycles per minute. A quantity of EXAMPLE 2 The apparatus and process were the same as in Example 1, except that the pulse velocity was 73 feet per minute and the steady velocity was 28 feet per minute. Three different sand-tobacco mixtures were processed in this apparatus with initial and final conditions as indicated in Table i.
  • the separation is not significantly affected by the type of tobacco processed.
  • EXAMPLE 3 The apparatus employed in this example was the same as that in Example 1, except that the column diameter was 12 inches and concentric cones were placed in the upper portion of the column, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the column was employed to separate a mixture of burley dust containing approximately percent sand.
  • a pulse velocity of 84 feet per minute was employed superimposed on a steady velocity of feet per minute.
  • the pulse duration was one second and the pulse frequency was 24 per minute.
  • the system was vibrated at 1,200 cycles per minute. A quantity of 80 percent of the tobacco fed to the column was recovered and this tobacco had a sand content of 3.5 percent.
  • EXAMPLE 4 The same apparatus and material were employed as in Example 3. No superimposed pulse was employed in this example and a constant, steady air flow of 64 feet per minute was used. A quantity of 89 percent of the tobacco fed to the column was recovered and this tobacco had a sand content of 3.3 percent. This illustrates the lack of need for a superimposed pulsation with larger fluid bed columns.
  • EXAMPLE 5 This example illustrates the efficacy of the concentric cones shown in FIG. 2.
  • the materials and conditions were the same as in Example 4 except that in one case the cones were employed and in another case were removed.
  • the tobacco being processed without the baffles showed a recovery of percent and a sand content of 3.9 percent.
  • percent of the tobacco was recovered with a sand content of 3.6 percent.
  • the system without the bafiles was clogged and inoperative.
  • An apparatus for the dry separation of sand particles from botanical fines in which substantially all of the sand particles and fines have a size which is less than about mesh comprising a. a substantially enclosed chamber;
  • supports means positioned at the bottom of said chamber for permitting the discharge of sand from said chamber, said support means including a plurality of substantially spherical bodies having a diameter of 2 to 5 mm and a tolerance of t 20 percent and constrained into substantially threecenter close packing;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
US00236693A 1972-03-21 1972-03-21 Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials Expired - Lifetime US3842978A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00236693A US3842978A (en) 1972-03-21 1972-03-21 Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials
BR008936/72A BR7208936D0 (pt) 1972-03-21 1972-12-19 Aparelho e processo para separar materiais vegetais de areia
GB5900572A GB1390686A (en) 1972-03-21 1972-12-21 Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials
CA161,894A CA962973A (en) 1972-03-21 1973-01-23 Screen sandwiched particulate bed separator superimposed by a vacuum separator
ZA731781A ZA731781B (en) 1972-03-21 1973-03-14 Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials
AU53378/73A AU472451B2 (en) 1972-03-21 1973-03-16 Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials
FR7309970A FR2176959B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-21 1973-03-20
DE2313847A DE2313847C3 (de) 1972-03-21 1973-03-20 Trockentrenneinrichtung zur Abtrennung von Sand aus Tabakfeinteilchen
US05/716,392 USRE29625E (en) 1972-03-21 1976-08-23 Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00236693A US3842978A (en) 1972-03-21 1972-03-21 Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/716,392 Reissue USRE29625E (en) 1972-03-21 1976-08-23 Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials

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US3842978A true US3842978A (en) 1974-10-22

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US00236693A Expired - Lifetime US3842978A (en) 1972-03-21 1972-03-21 Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials
US05/716,392 Expired - Lifetime USRE29625E (en) 1972-03-21 1976-08-23 Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials

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US05/716,392 Expired - Lifetime USRE29625E (en) 1972-03-21 1976-08-23 Process and apparatus for separating sand from botanical materials

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US (2) US3842978A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU472451B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7208936D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA962973A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2313847C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2176959B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1390686A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA731781B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2647363A1 (de) * 1975-10-20 1977-04-21 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung von sand und pflanzlichem feingut
US4127480A (en) * 1976-12-02 1978-11-28 Damin Mineralien Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Settling machine
US4216080A (en) * 1979-01-29 1980-08-05 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Method and apparatus for separating sand from botanical fines
US4280903A (en) * 1980-08-06 1981-07-28 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Apparatus for separating sand from botanical fines
WO1990010506A1 (en) * 1989-02-27 1990-09-20 Stripping Technologies Inc. Particle separation and classification mechanism
US5048693A (en) * 1989-06-28 1991-09-17 World Agrosearch, Ltd. Method and apparatus for sorting articles with small density differences utilizing a flotation stream
US5118409A (en) * 1989-06-28 1992-06-02 Sddm, Inc. Apparatus and method for improving density uniformity of a fluidized bed medium, and/or for improving material fluidized bed sorting
US5351832A (en) * 1993-03-29 1994-10-04 Stripping Technologies, Inc. Control system for cleaning systems
US5411142A (en) * 1993-03-29 1995-05-02 Abbott; Kenneth E. Air-flow control for particle cleaning systems
US6464737B1 (en) * 1997-05-28 2002-10-15 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. Production method and system for granulating powdered material
CN109717504A (zh) * 2019-02-18 2019-05-07 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种流化床式风力分选清洁烟叶装置及其清洁烟叶方法
WO2023087078A1 (en) * 2021-11-22 2023-05-25 New Amigos Pty Ltd Processes and apparatus for separating target material from particulate mixture

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4646759A (en) 1984-01-06 1987-03-03 Philip Morris Incorporated Vibrating trough tobacco separator and classifier
US5122262A (en) * 1990-01-12 1992-06-16 Summers Thomas W Separator screen with intermittent vacuum
US5263589A (en) * 1992-09-18 1993-11-23 Philip Morris Incorporated Method of recovering tobacco from stemmery discard
AT513285B1 (de) * 2012-10-02 2014-03-15 Binder Co Ag Vorrichtung/Verfahren zur Klassierung von polydispersem Aufgabegut
CN112958449A (zh) * 2021-01-25 2021-06-15 佛山市上霄云科技有限公司 一种高效筛选并分离茶叶与茶柄的辅助装置

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US2068783A (en) * 1932-09-29 1937-01-26 Carl A Wendell Apparatus for separating materials
FR782279A (fr) * 1934-12-04 1935-06-01 Prep Ind Combustibles Table de lavage à sec à lit filtrant
US2678131A (en) * 1950-07-17 1954-05-11 Robert F Dore Dry concentrator
US2683685A (en) * 1951-07-28 1954-07-13 Standard Oil Dev Co Elutriation of finely divided solids
US2857050A (en) * 1955-01-20 1958-10-21 Dorr Oliver Inc Hydraulic classifier
US3027652A (en) * 1958-01-20 1962-04-03 George W Wallace Methods and means for simultaneously cleaning and drying finely divided mineral matter such as coal and the like
US3164548A (en) * 1961-06-15 1965-01-05 Imp Tobacco Co Ltd Tower type pneumatic separator
GB1016872A (en) * 1961-07-14 1966-01-12 Defibrator Ab Improvements in and relating to production of chips from cellulose and similar materials
US3406824A (en) * 1966-11-14 1968-10-22 Arthur R. Forsberg Stone and heavy grain discharge outlet for gravity separators
GB1246406A (en) * 1968-01-24 1971-09-15 Metallgesellschaft Ag Method of and apparatus for separating coarse and/or heavy particles from a mixture of granular solids with differing particle sizes and/or differing particle weights
US3610415A (en) * 1969-05-01 1971-10-05 Frankel Co Inc Method of dry separation of less dense metal particles from more dense metal particles and apparatus therefore
US3596765A (en) * 1969-10-31 1971-08-03 Leonel L Beudin Density separation apparatus

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2647363A1 (de) * 1975-10-20 1977-04-21 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung von sand und pflanzlichem feingut
FR2328515A1 (fr) * 1975-10-20 1977-05-20 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Procede et dispositif pour separer du sable de fines vegetales
US4127480A (en) * 1976-12-02 1978-11-28 Damin Mineralien Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Settling machine
US4216080A (en) * 1979-01-29 1980-08-05 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Method and apparatus for separating sand from botanical fines
US4280903A (en) * 1980-08-06 1981-07-28 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Apparatus for separating sand from botanical fines
WO1990010506A1 (en) * 1989-02-27 1990-09-20 Stripping Technologies Inc. Particle separation and classification mechanism
US5048693A (en) * 1989-06-28 1991-09-17 World Agrosearch, Ltd. Method and apparatus for sorting articles with small density differences utilizing a flotation stream
US5118409A (en) * 1989-06-28 1992-06-02 Sddm, Inc. Apparatus and method for improving density uniformity of a fluidized bed medium, and/or for improving material fluidized bed sorting
US5351832A (en) * 1993-03-29 1994-10-04 Stripping Technologies, Inc. Control system for cleaning systems
US5411142A (en) * 1993-03-29 1995-05-02 Abbott; Kenneth E. Air-flow control for particle cleaning systems
US6464737B1 (en) * 1997-05-28 2002-10-15 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. Production method and system for granulating powdered material
CN109717504A (zh) * 2019-02-18 2019-05-07 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种流化床式风力分选清洁烟叶装置及其清洁烟叶方法
CN109717504B (zh) * 2019-02-18 2023-09-05 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种流化床式风力分选清洁烟叶装置及其清洁烟叶方法
WO2023087078A1 (en) * 2021-11-22 2023-05-25 New Amigos Pty Ltd Processes and apparatus for separating target material from particulate mixture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA962973A (en) 1975-02-18
FR2176959B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-12-30
DE2313847B2 (de) 1977-10-27
FR2176959A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-11-02
DE2313847C3 (de) 1978-06-08
BR7208936D0 (pt) 1973-12-20
AU472451B2 (en) 1976-05-27
ZA731781B (en) 1973-12-19
DE2313847A1 (de) 1973-10-04
AU5337873A (en) 1974-09-19
USRE29625E (en) 1978-05-09
GB1390686A (en) 1975-04-16

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