US3842644A - Method of contracting or compressing,machine for performing the method and articles produced according to the method - Google Patents

Method of contracting or compressing,machine for performing the method and articles produced according to the method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3842644A
US3842644A US00353777A US35377773A US3842644A US 3842644 A US3842644 A US 3842644A US 00353777 A US00353777 A US 00353777A US 35377773 A US35377773 A US 35377773A US 3842644 A US3842644 A US 3842644A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bar
induction heating
inductive field
compacting
sources
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00353777A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Biesmans
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Elphiac SA
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Elphiac SA
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
    • B21J9/08—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses equipped with devices for heating the work-piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A process of compacting in which a heating by induction is used and in which for heating the portion of the bar to be compacted, an initial section of the bar is introduced inside an inductive field produced by one or several inductors, and the bar is displaced inside the inductive field in such a way that more and more remote sections from the initial section progressively enter the inductive field.
  • the force of the inductive field and the displacement speed of the bar are regulated in such a way that before coming out of the inductive field every section that is entered into the inductive field has attained the temperature necessary for compacting Afterwards, an axial pressure for compacting is applied, and the displacement speed of the sections entering into the inductive field is maintained with respect to the axial pressure.
  • the sections of the bar having attained, by means of the compacting, the desired expansion, are finally brought out of the inductive field. Also, apparatus for carrying out the above process and compacted products made by this process.
  • FIG. 3 12 FULL METHOD OF CONTRACTING OR COMPRESSING, MACHINE FOR PERFORMING THE METHOD AND ARTICLES PRODUCED ACCORDING TO THE METHOD
  • a metal bar is progressively heated from an initial portion elevated to a sufficient temperature for compacting by compressing the bar in its axial direction. It has already been suggested to use the heating produced by an induction for such a process but it seems that till now no substantial results have been obtained in this direction.
  • the present invention relates to a process of compacting in which a heating by induction is used and which is characterized by the fact that for heating the portion of the bar to be compacted, an initial section of the bar is introduced inside an inductive field produced by one or several inductors, that the bar is displaced inside the inductive field in such a way that more and more remote sections from the initial section progressively enter the inductive field, that the force of the inductive field and the displacement speed of the bar are regulated in such a way that before coming out of the inductive field every section that is entered into the inductive field has attained the temperature necessary for compacting, that the compacting axial pressure is applied, that the displacement speed of the sections entering into the inductive field is maintained with respect to the axial pressure, and that the sections of the bar having attained, by means of the compacting, the desired expansion, are brought out of the inductive field.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view representing the main parts of an apparatus for performing the compacting process according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the repartition of the temperature inside a bar
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view representing the main parts of a further embodiment of an apparatus for performing the compacting process according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows the repartition of the temperature inside a bar.
  • the process according to the invention is performed in an apparatus comprising a plunger 1, a roller guide 2, an inductor 3 adapted to the diameters of the bar before and after the compacting step and an anvil 4.
  • the inductor 3 is connected to a generator of alternating current 5 the frequency of which is carefully choosen.
  • a bar 6 is introduced inside the apparatus in the position shown in FIG. 1.
  • the free end section of the bar 6 is still outside the inductive field of the inductor 3.
  • the inductor 3 is put under voltage and the bar 6 moves forward under the action of plunger 1 actuated by an advancing control device, not shown.
  • the section of the free end of the bar is, in this case, the initial section entering inside the inductive field of the inductor 3.
  • the heating power and the advancing speed of the sections of the bar entering inside the inductor are choosen in such a way that before coming out of the inductive field every section that is entered into the inductive field attains in every point the temperature necessary for compacting. Before the section thus heated comes out of the inductive field, the compacting pressure is applied.
  • the anvil 4 is placed at the beginning of the compacting operation as shown in FIG. I, and due to the dispersion of the inductive field of the inductor 3, slightly inside the inductive field, which is appropriate and beneficial, because the anvil 4 is thus preheated.
  • the end of the heated bar 6 abuts therefore against the anvil 4 and the compacting pressure is established by the thrust on the bar, the forward advancing or displacement of which is maintained by means of the plunger 1 which is actuated by an advancing device, not shown.
  • the anvil 4 may be moved away from the inductor in such a way that the compacted sections having attained the desired expansion come out of the inductive field. Conversely, it is also possible to maintain the anvil 4 in its place and to displace the inductor 3.
  • the inductor 3 and the roll guide 2 may, in this case, form a mechanical unit which is displaceable as a unit towards plunger 1.
  • the average penetration depth of the induced current must be choosen equal to a fraction only of the diameter of the bar to be compacted.
  • the value of the depth of the optimum penetration depends, among other things, of the time during which a section to be compacted of the bar is kept in the inductive field and of the calorific conductibility of the metal. For instance, for steel bars having a diameter between 10 and 25 mm the depth of the penetration may be choosen in the order of onethird of the diameter, if the staying period of a section in the inductor is about 5 to 10 seconds.
  • FIG. 2 represents an axial section of the bar 6 in which are shown the lines of surfaces having the same temperature 7, 8, 9 for three different temperatures. Therefore, there exists on the axis of the bar a core which is tougher, such as outlined, for instance, by the surface 8 which makes the process particularly insensitive to lateral deviations and thus permits the obtaining of articles having perfectly compacted parts of great importance such as represented, for example, by the phantom line 10 in the FIG. 1. It is to be noted that the process of the present application results in a particularly advantageous efficiency in the case of articles composed of non ferrous metal such as aluminium, bronze, brass, copper, etc.
  • the process according to the invention is carried out in an apparatus comprising two roll guides and two inductors l3 and 14, the other component parts of the apparatus not being represented.
  • one of the inductors, for instance 14, is actuated and a bar is displaced by a to and fro movement around an initial section, this movement slowly reaching a larger amplitude and finally effecting to a repartition of temperature as shown in FlG. 4 which is symmetrical and, for each of the two inductors 13 and 14 is similar to the repartition according to FIG. 2.
  • bar 15 is brought into the position represented in FlG. 3 and the compacting pressure is applied in the axial direction of the bar, for example, by means of an advancing control device symmetrically acting on two plungers, not shown.
  • the line 16 shows the outline of an example of a compacted article.
  • the two inductors l3 and 14 which produce two inductive fields at each side of the portion to be compacted and, to first heat the region around the initial section. Afterwards, the inductors are separated from each other and brought into a position represented in FIG. 3 and the compacting pressure is applied. The advancing speed of the two portions of the bar is regulated, each portion passing through one of the inductive fields produced by the inductors l3 and 14 in the manner above described for the bar 6 with respect to the inductor 3 of FIG. 1.
  • the inductor means comprising the two inductors of FIG. 1 or the pairs of inductors of FIG. 3 constitute an inductor means of varying diameter. That is, portions of the inductor means are farther from the surface of rods 6 or 15 than are other portions thereof. While the drawings show the differently spaced portions as separate inductors, it is to be understood that a single inductor or varying diameter could be employed, and, as used herein, the term source is intended to refer to either separate inductors at different radii or a single inductor of varying diameter from which the induction field can emanage from radially spaced portions or sources.
  • an open or an opening inductor of the type disclosed in Belgian Pat. No. 702,281 is provided, and the inductive field therefore presents a non rotative symmetry, it is possible, according to the invention, either to communicate to the inductive field a rotating movement either continuous or oscillating around the axis of the bar, or to communicate to the bar a rotating movement around its axis and to maintain the inductive field stationary.
  • An apparatus performing this process may be equipped with a rotation anvil.
  • the rood guide may be replaced by an opening ball sleeve and the plunger may be equipped with a rotating pressure plate. The anvil and the pressure plate are then driven with the same rotating speed by means of a driving device.
  • induction heating and constant axial pressure to a first undeformed portion of said bar to produce initial radial enlargement thereof, said induction heating being applied to said bar from an inner source closely adjacent the surface thereof;
  • Apparatus for compacting an elongated metal bar comprising:
  • At least one movable plunger for applying axial pressure to an end of said bar
  • induction heating means having an inner inductor adjacent the surface of said bar and an outer inductor axially adjacent but radially outward therefrom;
  • said inductors being movable, in unison, axially of said bar.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 6 including a second movable plunger for applying axial pressure to the other end of said bar;
  • both said induction heating means being between said plungers and arranged with their outer inductors between their inner inductors.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 6 including an anvil against the other end of said bar, said anvil and plunger being rotatable about the axis of said bar, said induction heating means providing an induction field of nonrotational symmetry.
  • induction heating means provides an induction field of non-rotational symmetry and is rotatable about the axis of said bar.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
US00353777A 1972-04-24 1973-04-23 Method of contracting or compressing,machine for performing the method and articles produced according to the method Expired - Lifetime US3842644A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE782585A BE782585A (fr) 1972-04-24 1972-04-24 Procede de refoulement, machine pour executer ce procede et articles fabriques suivant ce procede.
BE1003970 1972-04-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3842644A true US3842644A (en) 1974-10-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00353777A Expired - Lifetime US3842644A (en) 1972-04-24 1973-04-23 Method of contracting or compressing,machine for performing the method and articles produced according to the method

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3842644A (de)
JP (1) JPS4954254A (de)
BE (1) BE782585A (de)
CA (1) CA977036A (de)
DE (1) DE2320545C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2181932A1 (de)
IT (1) IT986201B (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4263799A (en) * 1979-07-19 1981-04-28 Torazi Motizuki Method and machine for forming a lump on the end of a pipe
US4419804A (en) * 1980-05-31 1983-12-13 Fichtel & Sachs Ag Method for manufacturing a piston rod unit
US4625533A (en) * 1984-04-11 1986-12-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and apparatus for increasing thickness of tubular member
EP0786296A1 (de) * 1996-01-29 1997-07-30 CDP Aluminiumtechnik GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Halbzeugen
US5713130A (en) * 1994-01-24 1998-02-03 Daiwa House Industry Co., Ltd. Partially thick-walled elongated metallic member and methods of making and connecting the same
EP1262258A3 (de) * 2001-05-11 2003-05-02 Tartuntamarkkinointi Oy Verfahren zum Stauchen eines Endes eines Stahlstabes
US20120138199A1 (en) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Process for Producing a Threaded Spindle having a Large Bearing Seat
US20150165510A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2015-06-18 Gkn Land Systems Limited Manufacture Of Wheels
US20160052044A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 Ellwood National Investment Corp. Net shaped forgings for power generation/transfer shafts

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2160635A1 (de) * 1971-12-07 1973-06-20 Hasenclever Gmbh Maschf Elektro-stauchmaschine
BE867541A (fr) * 1977-06-10 1978-11-27 Dehove Roger M Procede de formage a chaud d'une tete de soupape et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
CN112355230B (zh) * 2020-10-20 2023-07-04 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 轴类锻件用高温合金棒坯加热装置及加热方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7148628U (de) * 1972-04-06 Maschinenfab Hasenclever Gmbh Elektrostauchmaschine
AT131537B (de) * 1929-09-14 1933-01-25 Omes Holding Co Ltd Elektrische Stauchvorrichtung.
DE1270373B (de) * 1966-02-09 1968-06-12 Thyssen Roehrenwerke Ag Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen oertlicher, umlaufender Verstaerkungen an zylindrischen Hohlkoerpern

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4263799A (en) * 1979-07-19 1981-04-28 Torazi Motizuki Method and machine for forming a lump on the end of a pipe
US4419804A (en) * 1980-05-31 1983-12-13 Fichtel & Sachs Ag Method for manufacturing a piston rod unit
US4625533A (en) * 1984-04-11 1986-12-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and apparatus for increasing thickness of tubular member
US5713130A (en) * 1994-01-24 1998-02-03 Daiwa House Industry Co., Ltd. Partially thick-walled elongated metallic member and methods of making and connecting the same
EP0786296A1 (de) * 1996-01-29 1997-07-30 CDP Aluminiumtechnik GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Halbzeugen
EP1262258A3 (de) * 2001-05-11 2003-05-02 Tartuntamarkkinointi Oy Verfahren zum Stauchen eines Endes eines Stahlstabes
US20120138199A1 (en) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Process for Producing a Threaded Spindle having a Large Bearing Seat
US9815153B2 (en) * 2010-12-01 2017-11-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Process for producing a threaded spindle having a large bearing seat
US20150165510A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2015-06-18 Gkn Land Systems Limited Manufacture Of Wheels
US9987674B2 (en) * 2012-07-13 2018-06-05 Gkn Land Systems Limited Manufacture of wheels
US20160052044A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 Ellwood National Investment Corp. Net shaped forgings for power generation/transfer shafts
US10309445B2 (en) * 2014-08-19 2019-06-04 Ellwood National Investment Corp. Net shaped forgings for power generation/transfer shafts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2320545C3 (de) 1981-05-21
CA977036A (en) 1975-10-28
JPS4954254A (en) 1974-05-27
IT986201B (it) 1975-01-20
FR2181932B1 (de) 1978-05-26
DE2320545A1 (de) 1973-10-31
BE782585A (fr) 1972-10-24
FR2181932A1 (fr) 1973-12-07
DE2320545B2 (de) 1980-10-09

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