US3840185A - Liquid ejection nozzle structure - Google Patents

Liquid ejection nozzle structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3840185A
US3840185A US00292334A US29233472A US3840185A US 3840185 A US3840185 A US 3840185A US 00292334 A US00292334 A US 00292334A US 29233472 A US29233472 A US 29233472A US 3840185 A US3840185 A US 3840185A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
duct
ejector
nozzle
metals
exit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00292334A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Ruthardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WC Heraus GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
WC Heraus GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19712148772 external-priority patent/DE2148772C3/de
Application filed by WC Heraus GmbH and Co KG filed Critical WC Heraus GmbH and Co KG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3840185A publication Critical patent/US3840185A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
    • Y10S239/19—Nozzle materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49428—Gas and water specific plumbing component making
    • Y10T29/49432—Nozzle making

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT To provide for laminar flow of liquid ejected through a nozzle structure, the surface in the region of the edge zone of the ejection duct of the nozzle is covered with a layer of crystal columns of at least 2 um such that the axes of the crystal columns are essentially parallel to the axis of the ejection duct of the nozzle in the terminal region of the nozzle, the crystal columns, in a plane transverse to the axis of the nozzle, exhibiting a fine crystalline structure; the crystals are preferably made with at least one of the metals of titanium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybenum, tungsten, iron, cobalt, nickle, gold
  • the present invention relates to a liquid ejector, or nozzle structure for liquid under pressure.
  • Liquid ejectors or nozzles in which liquid is ejected under pressure from a duct, or nozzle structure is used in many technological fields. It is frequently desired that the liquid is ejected from the nozzle in laminar flow. Such ejection thus, however, in many instances lead to difficulties if the liquid wets the exit zone or surface of the nozzle structure or ejector, which tends to deviate the liquid from the predetermined direction of the nozzle axis. Such a case arises particularly if the exit edge of the exit duct or nozzle structure is not perfectly symmetrical, or geometrically exactly as designed, resulting in interference with the flow of the liquid through the nozzle. It is particularly important to maintain the accuracy and stability of the geometrical shape of the exit edge of the nozzle duct, and to prevent wetting of the edge zone of the exit surface of the ejector or nozzle by the liquid being ejected.
  • the crystalline columnar layer is made of a metal, and metals which are particularly suitable for the columnar layer are titanium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, cobalt, nickel, gold, silver, copper, aluminum and platinum-type metals; under platinum metals, the following are to be understood: platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium. The results are particularly good when the crystalline columns are made of titanium, vanadium, niobium or chromium.
  • the effect of the crystalline columnar layer, in accordance with the present invention, and the stability of the geometry of this layer is derived from the crystalline structure of the columnar layer itself.
  • the flow direction which is essentially laminar
  • a coarsely crystalline, ideally single crystal structure is present, extending parallel to the laminar flow of the liquid, that is, to the axis of the nozzle.
  • the crystalline columnar layer In a plane perpendicular to the flow direction, the crystalline columnar layer has a fine crystalline structure.
  • the crystalline columns are applied to a base, through which the ejector nozzle is formed, which is preferably a metal such as steehin a vacuum of at least 10' mm Hg, preferably less than 10 mm Hg, by precipitation, preferably evaporation on the surface.
  • the liquid ejector structure is maintained at an elevated temperature, for example in the order of C, depending on the metal which is being evaporated on the nozzle surface.
  • FIGURE illustrates a schematic cross sectional view of a liquid ejector made in accordance with the present invention.
  • the liquid ejector l is made of a base metal plate, for example steel, and is formed with an extrusion or ejection duct 2.
  • the terminal zone of duct 2 extends along an axis 3, transverse to the exit surface 4.
  • Duct 2 has a liquid applied therethrough, under pressure, to provide for essentially laminar flow of the liquid from the duct 2.
  • the exit surface 5 of the nozzle structure I is coated, at least in the region of the terminal zone surrounding theexit plane 4 by means of a crystalline columnar layer 6.
  • the axes of the crystalline columns extend in general parallel to axis 3 of the exit duct, at least in the region of the terminal zone.
  • the crystalline columnar layer 6 exhibit a fine crystalline structure in a plane parallel to the exit plane 5.
  • the length of the crystal columns. that is, the thickness of the crystalline layer 6 is in excess of 2 pm, preferably in excess of 6 um; the thickness is determined by designed considerations and by the process of application and may extend to 20 um or more, but may be less for various applications, for example may be between 6-12 um.
  • the base plate may be of metal other than steel.
  • metal other than steel such as bronze, brass, hard metal, titanium, titanium alloy, zirconium, zirconium alloy, tantalum, tantalum alloy, molybdenum, molybdenum alloy, tungsten and tungsten alloy.
  • Liquid ejector, or nozzle structure comprising a base structural unit (1) having an exit plane (5),
  • duct (2) formed therethrough extending through the exit plane to provide for ejection of liquid through-the structure from the exit plane, the axis of the duct being perpendicular to the exit plane in the region of the terminal zone of the duct,
  • a layer (6) applied to the exit plane (4) of the structural unit (1) of the ejector and applied at least in the region of the edge zone of the duct (2), said layer having a thickness of at least 2 ,um and comprising a crystalline columnar structure in which the axes of the crystal columns are essentially parallel to the axis (3) of the duct (2) in the exit zone of the duct, the crystal columns of the crystalline layer (6) exhibiting a fine crystalline structure transverse to the exit surface (5).
  • platinum metals comprise platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium.
  • Ejector, or nozzle according to claim 1 wherein the structure (1) through which the duct is formed and on which the crystal columnar layer (6) is applied comprises a metal including at least one of the metals of steel, beonze, brass, hard metal, titanium, titanium alloy, zirconium, zirconiumalloy, tantalum, tantalum alloy, molybdenum, molybdenum alloy, tungsten and tungsten alloy.
  • Method of making a liquid ejector, or nozzle structure comprising forming a duct (2) transverse to the thickness of a base material (1), the terminal end of the duct extending along an axis (3) transverse to the surface (5) of the structure to form an exit plane (4);
  • Method according to claim 8 including the step of maintaining the base structure (1) through which the duct (2) is formed, at least in the region of the exit plane (5) at an elevated temperature in the order of about 150 C, or higher.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
US00292334A 1971-09-30 1972-09-26 Liquid ejection nozzle structure Expired - Lifetime US3840185A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712148772 DE2148772C3 (de) 1971-09-30 Flüssigkeitsdüse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3840185A true US3840185A (en) 1974-10-08

Family

ID=5821015

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00292334A Expired - Lifetime US3840185A (en) 1971-09-30 1972-09-26 Liquid ejection nozzle structure

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3840185A (https=)
JP (1) JPS5330164B2 (https=)
AT (1) AT316314B (https=)
CH (1) CH541999A (https=)
FR (1) FR2155425A5 (https=)
GB (1) GB1409102A (https=)
IT (1) IT966084B (https=)
NL (1) NL7213168A (https=)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5012853A (en) * 1988-09-20 1991-05-07 Sundstrand Corporation Process for making articles with smooth complex internal geometries
US5220935A (en) * 1990-12-28 1993-06-22 Carolina Equipment & Supply Co., Inc. Apparatus and method for cleaning with a focused fluid stream
US5263504A (en) * 1990-12-28 1993-11-23 Carolina Equipment And Supply Company, Inc. Apparatus and method for cleaning with a focused fluid stream

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5012853A (en) * 1988-09-20 1991-05-07 Sundstrand Corporation Process for making articles with smooth complex internal geometries
US5220935A (en) * 1990-12-28 1993-06-22 Carolina Equipment & Supply Co., Inc. Apparatus and method for cleaning with a focused fluid stream
US5263504A (en) * 1990-12-28 1993-11-23 Carolina Equipment And Supply Company, Inc. Apparatus and method for cleaning with a focused fluid stream

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT316314B (de) 1974-07-10
NL7213168A (https=) 1973-04-03
DE2148772A1 (de) 1973-04-05
IT966084B (it) 1974-02-11
CH541999A (de) 1973-09-30
FR2155425A5 (https=) 1973-05-18
DE2148772B2 (de) 1976-03-18
GB1409102A (en) 1975-10-08
JPS5330164B2 (https=) 1978-08-25
JPS4842410A (https=) 1973-06-20

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