US3837630A - Method of lining metallurgical furnaces and a lining material - Google Patents

Method of lining metallurgical furnaces and a lining material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3837630A
US3837630A US00336556A US33655673A US3837630A US 3837630 A US3837630 A US 3837630A US 00336556 A US00336556 A US 00336556A US 33655673 A US33655673 A US 33655673A US 3837630 A US3837630 A US 3837630A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
lining
furnace
sintering
refractory material
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00336556A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
H Kohl
S Forhauser
H Hess
P Schiefer
D Mantell
K Granitzki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinstahl AG
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Rheinstahl AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19722213392 external-priority patent/DE2213392C3/de
Application filed by Rheinstahl AG filed Critical Rheinstahl AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3837630A publication Critical patent/US3837630A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/28—Slip casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/30—Drying methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/14—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1626—Making linings by compacting a refractory mass in the space defined by a backing mould or pattern and the furnace wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces

Definitions

  • a considerably shorter total lining time of the order of about 12 to 24 hours can be obtained in using dry refractory materials with admixed sintering additives, mostly boric acid.
  • dry quartzite masses are particularly low-priced.
  • the proceeding is such that dry refractory material is filled into the hollow space formed by the furnace wall, for example, the permanent lining, and the lining form, compacted by vibration, and with the form in place and with a solid or molten sintering charge, the furnace is heated up to and kept at a temperature necessary to obtain a ceramic sintering of the lining.
  • the inventive method provides a lining for metallurgical furnaces, particularly induction furnaces, with a wearing layer of dry refractory materials in order to obtain a very short preparation time, and which uses a permanent form in order to substantially lower the lining costs and also to assure that the finished wearing lining will stand the high thermal and mechanical stresses at least as well as the known linings.
  • the inventive method can be carried out in a particularly simple manner by using a steel sheet form which, after the stability of shape of the refractory material is obtained, is cooled down with respect to the intermediate temperature, for example, by compressed air, so that the form contracts and can be removed from the furnace without difficulties.
  • the steel sheet form may advantageously be made in one piece and conical, preferably over its whole length, or at least over the greatest part thereof. This not only facilitates the removal of the permanent form but also substantially extends the crucible life with respect to the service of life of the usual, mostly cylindrical crucibles which are tapered only in their bottom part.
  • multipart permanent forms may be used particularly for metallurgical furnaces with complicated hearth shapes, where such forms permit a simple removal and, when using reinforcements against warping, a high dimensional stability of the lining.
  • the refractory lining of a crucible furnace represents an annular body whose diameter increases with the increasing temperature. Because the outer periphery of the crucible is cool and partially clamped, an increase of temperature in the interior favorably results in a post-compression of the mentioned lining material from the interior so that after the sintering, the porosity is reduced to only about percent. Such a lining is particularly immune to an undesired penetration of the fused mass.
  • FIG. 3 the heating process is illustrated diagrammatically.
  • An inductive heating with a starting block instead of the gas burner may be used for heating if desired.
  • a solid charge may be used as the sintering charge instead of the molten one.
  • Crucible and channel-type furnaces for melting and treating aluminun and aluminum alloys have been lined as follows: An entirely dry ramming mix on the fire-clay basis with about 38 percent of A1 0 a grain size of O to 5 mm, and mixed with glass frit as a sintering additive, is poured by layers into the hollow space between the permanent lining and a maltipart easily-removableiron-sheet permanent-form of 5 mm thickness, and compacted with the aid of an electric vibrating rammer. In those parts of the furnace where the consolidation through high temperature is not possible, 6 percent of a phosphate binder have been added to the ramming mix.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
US00336556A 1972-03-20 1973-02-28 Method of lining metallurgical furnaces and a lining material Expired - Lifetime US3837630A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19722213392 DE2213392C3 (de) 1972-03-20 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines selbststehenden Futters in einem Induktionsschmelzofen oder ähnlichen metallurgischen öfen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3837630A true US3837630A (en) 1974-09-24

Family

ID=5839457

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00336556A Expired - Lifetime US3837630A (en) 1972-03-20 1973-02-28 Method of lining metallurgical furnaces and a lining material

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3837630A (enrdf_load_html_response)
JP (1) JPS4918704A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE796875A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH589831A5 (enrdf_load_html_response)
DK (1) DK130551B (enrdf_load_html_response)
ES (1) ES412759A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2180681B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1404274A (enrdf_load_html_response)
IT (1) IT981493B (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL7303794A (enrdf_load_html_response)
NO (1) NO134434C (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3991254A (en) * 1973-03-10 1976-11-09 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. High temperature insulating structure
US4218418A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-08-19 Crystal Systems, Inc. Processes of casting an ingot and making a silica container
US4532092A (en) * 1980-10-01 1985-07-30 Noemtak Ants Method of making a vessel for molten metal
US4818224A (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-04-04 Shell Oil Company Process
US5885510A (en) * 1997-02-07 1999-03-23 Alcoa Chemie Gmbh Methods of making refractory bodies
US5993703A (en) * 1994-02-03 1999-11-30 Dolomitwerke Gmbh Process for producing steel casting ladle monolithic refractory lining
US6165926A (en) * 1998-06-24 2000-12-26 Alcoa Chemie Gmbh Castable refractory composition and methods of making refractory bodies
US20040242951A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2004-12-02 Thompson Leo E. Apparatus and method for melting of materials to be treated
FR2865798A1 (fr) * 2004-02-02 2005-08-05 Saint Gobain Four a enveloppe metallique
WO2006096254A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2006-09-14 Geosafe Corporation Refractory melt barrier for in-container vitrification
CN101446471B (zh) * 2007-11-27 2010-06-23 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 电气煅烧炉内衬结构
CN116536504A (zh) * 2023-06-26 2023-08-04 本钢板材股份有限公司 一种延长罩式炉加热罩使用周期的方法
US20230349638A1 (en) * 2022-04-05 2023-11-02 Doggone Investment Co. LLC Apparatus and method for production of high purity copper-based alloys

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50142446A (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1974-05-07 1975-11-17
JPS5257003A (en) * 1975-11-06 1977-05-11 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Dry method for constructing crucible type induction furnace for metlin g aluminum
MA20798A1 (fr) * 1985-10-24 1987-07-01 Monsanto Co Support pour catalyseurs
CN105091595B (zh) * 2015-09-06 2017-05-10 河南省天利工业炉有限公司 一种工业炉的炉衬安装工艺
CN106989600A (zh) * 2017-05-16 2017-07-28 中国二十冶集团有限公司 加热炉炉墙的模板施工方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1825011A (en) * 1928-01-02 1931-09-29 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Metallurgical furnace
US1917849A (en) * 1930-07-26 1933-07-11 Ajax Electrothermic Corp Refractory lining
US3151200A (en) * 1962-05-07 1964-09-29 Atkinson Guy F Co Ladle lining apparatus
US3492383A (en) * 1967-05-12 1970-01-27 Sulzer Ag Process of manufacturing a crack resistant multi-layer furnace lining
US3716316A (en) * 1970-06-12 1973-02-13 Koninklijke Hoogovens En Staal Apparatus for the application of a refractory lining to the inside wall of metallurgical vessels, as well as a moulding unit to be utilized in combination therewith

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS514925A (ja) * 1974-07-02 1976-01-16 Shaken Kk Mojihatsuseisochi

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1825011A (en) * 1928-01-02 1931-09-29 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Metallurgical furnace
US1917849A (en) * 1930-07-26 1933-07-11 Ajax Electrothermic Corp Refractory lining
US3151200A (en) * 1962-05-07 1964-09-29 Atkinson Guy F Co Ladle lining apparatus
US3492383A (en) * 1967-05-12 1970-01-27 Sulzer Ag Process of manufacturing a crack resistant multi-layer furnace lining
US3716316A (en) * 1970-06-12 1973-02-13 Koninklijke Hoogovens En Staal Apparatus for the application of a refractory lining to the inside wall of metallurgical vessels, as well as a moulding unit to be utilized in combination therewith

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3991254A (en) * 1973-03-10 1976-11-09 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. High temperature insulating structure
US4218418A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-08-19 Crystal Systems, Inc. Processes of casting an ingot and making a silica container
US4532092A (en) * 1980-10-01 1985-07-30 Noemtak Ants Method of making a vessel for molten metal
US4818224A (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-04-04 Shell Oil Company Process
US5993703A (en) * 1994-02-03 1999-11-30 Dolomitwerke Gmbh Process for producing steel casting ladle monolithic refractory lining
US5885510A (en) * 1997-02-07 1999-03-23 Alcoa Chemie Gmbh Methods of making refractory bodies
US6165926A (en) * 1998-06-24 2000-12-26 Alcoa Chemie Gmbh Castable refractory composition and methods of making refractory bodies
US7429239B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2008-09-30 Geosafe Corporation Methods for melting of materials to be treated
US20040242951A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2004-12-02 Thompson Leo E. Apparatus and method for melting of materials to be treated
US7211038B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2007-05-01 Geosafe Corporation Methods for melting of materials to be treated
US20070208208A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2007-09-06 Geosafe Corporation Methods for melting of materials to be treated
FR2865798A1 (fr) * 2004-02-02 2005-08-05 Saint Gobain Four a enveloppe metallique
WO2005075912A1 (fr) * 2004-02-02 2005-08-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Four a enveloppe metallique
US20080167175A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2008-07-10 Lowery Patrick S Refractory Melt Barrier For In-Container Vitrification
US20080128271A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2008-06-05 Geosafe Corporation Apparatus for Rapid Startup During In-Container Vitrification
WO2006096254A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2006-09-14 Geosafe Corporation Refractory melt barrier for in-container vitrification
CN101446471B (zh) * 2007-11-27 2010-06-23 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 电气煅烧炉内衬结构
US20230349638A1 (en) * 2022-04-05 2023-11-02 Doggone Investment Co. LLC Apparatus and method for production of high purity copper-based alloys
US11993828B2 (en) * 2022-04-05 2024-05-28 Doggone Investment Co. LLC Apparatus and method for production of high purity copper-based alloys
US12234531B2 (en) 2022-04-05 2025-02-25 Doggone Investment Co. LLC Apparatus and method for production of high purity copper-based alloys
US12371760B2 (en) 2022-04-05 2025-07-29 Doggone Investment Co. LLC Apparatus and method for production of high purity copper-based alloys
CN116536504A (zh) * 2023-06-26 2023-08-04 本钢板材股份有限公司 一种延长罩式炉加热罩使用周期的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES412759A1 (es) 1976-01-16
DE2213392B2 (de) 1977-04-14
NO134434B (enrdf_load_html_response) 1976-06-28
JPS4918704A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-02-19
DK130551B (da) 1975-03-03
NL7303794A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-09-24
BE796875A (fr) 1973-07-16
NO134434C (enrdf_load_html_response) 1976-10-06
FR2180681B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1975-10-31
DK130551C (enrdf_load_html_response) 1975-08-04
GB1404274A (en) 1975-08-28
DE2213392A1 (de) 1973-10-11
CH589831A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1977-07-15
FR2180681A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-11-30
IT981493B (it) 1974-10-10

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