US3837169A - Reinforced mattress for protecting shorelines and the like - Google Patents

Reinforced mattress for protecting shorelines and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3837169A
US3837169A US00296348A US29634872A US3837169A US 3837169 A US3837169 A US 3837169A US 00296348 A US00296348 A US 00296348A US 29634872 A US29634872 A US 29634872A US 3837169 A US3837169 A US 3837169A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheets
cords
cord
systems
flexible material
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00296348A
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English (en)
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B Lamberton
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US00296348A priority Critical patent/US3837169A/en
Priority to CA182,185A priority patent/CA975973A/en
Priority to JP11375273A priority patent/JPS5632403B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3837169A publication Critical patent/US3837169A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side

Definitions

  • a pair of sheets of flexible material are interconnected at a plurality of spaced points by a cord system comprising elongated flexible intersecting cord means with the cord means extending between the two sheets and with means interconnecting at least some of the intersecting portions of the cord means whereby a form constructed in this manner may be injected with a cementitious slurry which will inflate the form with the cord means permitting separation of the two sheets for a substantial but controlled amount.
  • Another mattress construction which has achieved considerable commercial success uses a pair of fabric sheets in which internal fiber reinforcing consisting of drop stitches connects the two sheets with these drop stitches being woven into the fabric of the two sheets.
  • These drop stitches both serve the function of the tie elements in my aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,396,545 in that they control the amount of separation of the two sheets and also serve the function of the layer of fabric in my prior U.S. Pat. No. 3,425,228 in that they serve to retain cracked pieces of the mat in position even though the outer sheets of fabric may have deteriorated.
  • one particular application may require a mattress four inches thick, while in another application a six inch mattress or a three inch mattress may be required. Moreover, in some circumstances it may be desirable to have a mattress which is four inches thick over part of its area and a different thickness over another part. Since it has not been economical to set up the looms for relatively short runs, the use of drop stitch mattresses has been largely limited to one standard size.
  • a form for use in construction of erosion control mattresses or the like comprising two sheets of flexible ma terial with a plurality of flexible cords having diameters substantially greater than the thickness of the sheets arranged to extend between the interior surfaces of the two sheets at a plurality of spaced points with portions of the cords intersecting other portions and a plurality of individual connecting means with the connecting means connecting the cords to the sheets and interconnecting at least some of the intersecting portions of the cords whereby the cords permit separation of the two sheets for a substantial but limited amount to produce mats of a controlled thickness.
  • the cords comprise an upper and a lower cord system with each system having a plurality of sinusoidally arranged cords and wherein alternating loops of the cords in the upper system are connected to the upper sheet and alternating loops of the cords in the lower system being connected to the lower sheet with the cords of the two system being interconnected at their points of intersection.
  • the cords may be arranged in the form of a network, similar to a cargo net, with the cord network being fastened at a plurality of spaced points to the upper and lower sheets by long staples which cooperate to control the thickness of the mat.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion ofan erosion control mattress constructed in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of FIG. 1',
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view along line 3-3 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view of one form of intersection of the reinforcing cords used in the mattress of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a modified form of interconnection of the cords
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate various layouts of the cords to form a mat in accordance with this invention
  • FIGS. 8-10 are views similar to FIG. 2 showing moditied forms of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 through 3 there is illustrated a fragmentary portion 10 of a concrete mattress which may be positioned along the shoreline of a water body in a manner similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,396,542.
  • the mattress is installed in situ by providing a form comprised of a pair of large sheets 12, 14 of flexible sheet material. These two sheets are arranged in overlying relationship with the peripheral edges of the sheets being closed by any suitable means to form a closed interior space into which a cementitious slurry may be injected.
  • the sheets may be of a porous fabric material of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,396,542. However, the'sheets, if desired, may be impervious or only portions of one or both sheets may be porous.
  • a cord system comprising a plurality of upper and lower reinforcing cords 16, 18.
  • the cords 16, are each arranged in a generally sinusoidal configuration with every other loop being connected by a suitable fastener such as a staple to the upper sheet 12.
  • the staples 20 pass through the sheet 12 and around the cord to connect the cords firmly in engagement with the interior surface of the sheet 12.
  • the lower cords 18 are each arranged in a similar sinusoidal configuration with all of the cords 18 extending generally perpendicular to the cords 16. Alternate loops of the cords 18 are secured by fasteners such as staples 22 to the lower sheet 14 in the same manner as cords 16 are secured to sheet 12.
  • each of the upper cords 16 extend downward toward the lower sheet 14 while the alternate unsecured loops of the cord 18 extend upward toward the upper sheet 12.
  • each unsecured loop of each upper cord being adjacent to an unsecured loop of one of the lower cords 18.
  • the adjacent loops of the cords 16, 18 are secured together "by suitable fasteners such as a ring or staple 24.
  • ring or staple24 only loosely interconnects the loops of the cords 16,18 so that-relative movement between the two cords is permitted. Contrasted with this is the connection between the staples 20, 22 and their respective cords and sheets wherein movement of each cord relative to its associated sheet is not permitted.
  • a form constructed as described and illustrated is used for erosion control by positioning the form on the surface to be protected. Thereafter, a cementitious slurry is injected into the interior space of the form in a manner described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,396,542. Reference may be had to that patent fora disclosure of one suitable cementitious slurry.
  • the slurry is injected under pressure so that it fills the interior space and in-' flates the form. It will be noted that the cords 16, 18 are embedded in the slurry and the slurry causes the sheets 12, 14 to bulge outwardly to form upper and lower surfaces of a generally bulbous configuration. Thereafter, the slurry is allowed to harden to form a monolithic concrete mat encased by the sheets 12, 14 with the cords 16, I8 embedded in the concrete.
  • the thickness of the inflated mat is controlled by the cords 16, 18 which cooperate, through the interconnections defined by the fasteners 24, to permit separation of the sheets l2, 14 a substantial but limited amount.
  • the fasteners 20, 22, which define the points of connection between the cords l6, l8 and the sheets l2, 14 are, as shown in FIG. 1, offset one from the other so that each indentation in one surface of the mat, representing a connection point, is opposed by a bulbous portion in the other surface.
  • the cords and their connection points may be employed.
  • the upper cord and lower cord systems may be arranged such that their points of attachment to their respective sheets oppose each other, in which case the indentations in the upper and lower surfaces would be in alignment.
  • cords 16, 18 are shown as being mutually perpendicular, other angular relationships between the cords may be employed as shown for example in FIG. 6. Also, the cords may be laid out on the sheets at angles other than perpendicular to the edges of the sheets, as shown schematically in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an arrangement in which the cords l6, 18' are merely looped through each other thereby obviating the need for fasteners
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the use of cords 26 connecting the upper and lower cords l6, 18. With the arrangement of FIG. 5, the cords 26 may be used to position reinforcing rods 28.
  • the cords 16, 18 may be of any suitable material such as common clothes line. However, a wide range of other materials such as webbing, slit heavy fabric, wire, bonding, or fiber reinforced tape may be employed and the term cord" is used herein without limitation as to the material from which it is made. It is contemplated that the thickness of the cords will be between l/l6 inch and inch so that undue bulkiness is avoided but substantial strength is obtained for reinforcing the mat. In any event, the thickness of the cords is significantly greater than the thickness of the sheet material l2, 14.
  • FIG. 8 a modified form of the invention is illustrated wherein, in lieu of connecting the upper and lower cord systems against the sheets 12, 14, long staples or wires are used.
  • the staples 30 pass through the sheets 12 or 14 and extend around the associated cord to support the cord spaced from the adjacent sheet. It is contemplated that each staple will frictionally grip its associated cord to restrain movement of the cord through the staple; however, some swinging movement of the cord relative to the sheets will be permitted.
  • FIG. 8 has the advantage that the thickness of the mat may readily be varied simply by selection of the length of staples used in assemblying the form.
  • FIG. 9 illustrated an embodiment in which the thickness of the mat is entirely a function ofthe length of the staples 30.
  • a rigid meshwork 32 of, for example, reinforcing steel is positioned between sheets l2, 14 with staples 30 suspending the meshwork between the two sheets.
  • a network comprising a plurality of interconnected cords 36 is interposed between the two sheets with some of the cords being connected to the upper layer 12 and other cords connected to the lower sheets 14 by long staples 30. Still other cords of the layer 36 remain unconnected to either sheet.
  • the layer 36 may consist of a conventional cargo net which is of a relatively heavy construction.
  • connection points can be obtained.
  • the thickness of the mat can be readily varied. Still further, a mat varying cross sectional thickness can be readily produced with this arrangement.
  • the cords will be restrained from any substantial movement relative to the sheets l2, 14 so that the thickness of the mat can be controlled.
  • the interconnection between the cords where a network of individual cords is used is such that each cord can shift relative to the other.
  • a preformed network of interconnected cords such as FIGS. 9 and 10
  • a form for use in construction of an erosion control mattress or the like comprising:
  • upper and lower cord systems each comprising a plurality of intersecting flexible cords
  • interconnecting means comprises the cords of said upper and lower systems being interlooped.
  • a form for use in construction of erosion control mattresses or the like comprising:
  • a cord system comprising a plurality of elongated flexible cords with at least some of said cords intersecting other of said cords, said cords having a thickness substantially greater than the thickness of said sheets of flexible material,
  • said cord system being positioned between said sheets of flexible material and extending generally coplanarly with the interior surfaces of said two sheets, and I a plurality of individual connecting means loosely engaging and connecting intersecting cords forming said system to one or the other of said two sheets, with each of said connecting means extending through its associated sheet of flexible material at the point of connection, the individual connecting means extending through one of said sheets being off-set with respect to the individual connecting means extending through the other of said sheets, whereby said cord system is loosely secured to said two sheets at a plurality of spaced, off-set points, thereby permitting separation of said two sheets for a substantial but limited amount, while allowing some shifting between the cord system and the sheets.
  • a form for use in construction of an erosion control mattress or the like comprising:
  • upper and lower cord systems each comprising a plurality of flexible cords
  • interconnecting means comprises the cords of said upper and lower systems being interlooped.
  • said interconnecting means comprises fastener means extending around said cords.
  • cords of said upper system are secured to said one sheet at points offset from the points of securement of the cords of said lower system to said other sheet.
  • said securing means comprises elongated tie means extending through said sheets and connected to said cords intermediate said sheets.
  • a form for use and construction of erosion control mattresses or the like comprising:
  • each of said systems having a plurality of flexible cords arranged in generally parallel rows, with the rows of one system intersecting the rows of the other system, said cords having a thickness substantially greater than the thickness of said sheets of flexible material,
  • said upper and lower cord systems being positioned between said sheets of flexible material and arranged to extend between the interior surfaces of said two sheets at a plurality of spaced points,
  • said interconnecting means comprises fastener means for restraining movement of the interconnected cords away from each other while permitting relative movement of the cords.
  • each cord is arranged in a generally sinusoidal configuration with some of the loops of each cord being secured to one of said sheets and other of the loops being connected to the cords of the other system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
US00296348A 1972-10-10 1972-10-10 Reinforced mattress for protecting shorelines and the like Expired - Lifetime US3837169A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00296348A US3837169A (en) 1972-10-10 1972-10-10 Reinforced mattress for protecting shorelines and the like
CA182,185A CA975973A (en) 1972-10-10 1973-09-28 Reinforced mattress for protecting shorelines and the like
JP11375273A JPS5632403B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1972-10-10 1973-10-09

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US00296348A US3837169A (en) 1972-10-10 1972-10-10 Reinforced mattress for protecting shorelines and the like

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US00296348A Expired - Lifetime US3837169A (en) 1972-10-10 1972-10-10 Reinforced mattress for protecting shorelines and the like

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US (1) US3837169A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
JP (1) JPS5632403B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
CA (1) CA975973A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1980002436A1 (en) * 1979-05-03 1980-11-13 E Nielsen Safety mat for use in protection of waterwashed areas against erosion and/or undermining
DE2933551A1 (de) * 1979-08-18 1981-03-26 Huesker Synthetic Gmbh & Co, 48712 Gescher Schalungshuelle zum herstellen von betonplatten
US4449847A (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-05-22 Nicolon Corporation Revetment panel
US4502815A (en) * 1982-09-27 1985-03-05 Nicolon Corporation Revetment panel methods
US4854773A (en) * 1988-06-20 1989-08-08 Nicoll James D Beach carpet
DE3917420A1 (de) * 1989-05-29 1990-12-06 Kunz Alfred & Co Vorrichtung und verfahren zur sohlensicherung von fliessenden gewaessern
US5259698A (en) * 1990-06-19 1993-11-09 Maurice Garzon Method for hiding from sight and protecting a dumping site
DE4405523A1 (de) * 1994-02-22 1995-08-24 Huesker Synthetic Gmbh & Co Schalungsmatte und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mechanischen Schutzes
US5829915A (en) * 1994-03-08 1998-11-03 Andreassen; Henry Flexible formwork
US5865564A (en) * 1997-05-23 1999-02-02 Aqua-Barrier, Inc. Water-fillable barrier
US6565283B1 (en) * 1998-08-07 2003-05-20 Alethea Rosalind Melanie Hall Artificial reef unit and method of forming the same
US20080124174A1 (en) * 2006-07-19 2008-05-29 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Aquifer replenishment system
US20100150654A1 (en) * 2006-07-19 2010-06-17 Lithocrete, Inc. Aquifer replenishment system with filter
US20120027528A1 (en) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Alfreds Kim L Retaining Wall Systems and Methods of Constructing Same
US8950974B2 (en) 2012-08-16 2015-02-10 Seabed Technologies Llc Mat for sea floor installation
US9920500B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2018-03-20 Seabed Technologies Llc Apparatus and method for mat installation
US9982406B2 (en) * 2012-07-06 2018-05-29 Bradley Industrial Textiles, Inc. Geotextile tubes with porous internal shelves for inhibiting shear of solid fill material

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3486341A (en) * 1965-10-11 1969-12-30 Karl Huesker Stiewe Form for concrete or the like
US3524320A (en) * 1967-01-23 1970-08-18 Lee A Turzillo Method of protecting areas of an earth situs against scour
US3570254A (en) * 1969-01-17 1971-03-16 Lee A Turzillo Method and means for protecting an earth surface against scour
US3670504A (en) * 1968-02-05 1972-06-20 Collins & Aikman Corp Fabric containment constructions
US3696623A (en) * 1968-07-30 1972-10-10 Hoechst Ag Woven mat

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3486341A (en) * 1965-10-11 1969-12-30 Karl Huesker Stiewe Form for concrete or the like
US3524320A (en) * 1967-01-23 1970-08-18 Lee A Turzillo Method of protecting areas of an earth situs against scour
US3670504A (en) * 1968-02-05 1972-06-20 Collins & Aikman Corp Fabric containment constructions
US3696623A (en) * 1968-07-30 1972-10-10 Hoechst Ag Woven mat
US3570254A (en) * 1969-01-17 1971-03-16 Lee A Turzillo Method and means for protecting an earth surface against scour

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1980002436A1 (en) * 1979-05-03 1980-11-13 E Nielsen Safety mat for use in protection of waterwashed areas against erosion and/or undermining
US4405257A (en) * 1979-05-03 1983-09-20 Daekko Presenning Kompagni A/S Safety mat for use in protection of waterwashed areas against erosion and/or undermining
DE2933551A1 (de) * 1979-08-18 1981-03-26 Huesker Synthetic Gmbh & Co, 48712 Gescher Schalungshuelle zum herstellen von betonplatten
US4449847A (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-05-22 Nicolon Corporation Revetment panel
US4502815A (en) * 1982-09-27 1985-03-05 Nicolon Corporation Revetment panel methods
US4592675A (en) * 1982-09-27 1986-06-03 Nicolon Corporation Revetment panel with staggered compartments
US4854773A (en) * 1988-06-20 1989-08-08 Nicoll James D Beach carpet
DE3917420A1 (de) * 1989-05-29 1990-12-06 Kunz Alfred & Co Vorrichtung und verfahren zur sohlensicherung von fliessenden gewaessern
US5259698A (en) * 1990-06-19 1993-11-09 Maurice Garzon Method for hiding from sight and protecting a dumping site
DE4405523A1 (de) * 1994-02-22 1995-08-24 Huesker Synthetic Gmbh & Co Schalungsmatte und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mechanischen Schutzes
US5829915A (en) * 1994-03-08 1998-11-03 Andreassen; Henry Flexible formwork
US5865564A (en) * 1997-05-23 1999-02-02 Aqua-Barrier, Inc. Water-fillable barrier
US6565283B1 (en) * 1998-08-07 2003-05-20 Alethea Rosalind Melanie Hall Artificial reef unit and method of forming the same
US20080124174A1 (en) * 2006-07-19 2008-05-29 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Aquifer replenishment system
US20090190998A1 (en) * 2006-07-19 2009-07-30 Shaw Lee A Aquifer Replenishment System
US7575394B2 (en) 2006-07-19 2009-08-18 Lithocrete, Inc. Aquifer replenishment system
US20090214296A1 (en) * 2006-07-19 2009-08-27 Shaw Lee A Aquifer Replenishment System
US20100150654A1 (en) * 2006-07-19 2010-06-17 Lithocrete, Inc. Aquifer replenishment system with filter
US20120027528A1 (en) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Alfreds Kim L Retaining Wall Systems and Methods of Constructing Same
US9175453B2 (en) * 2010-07-30 2015-11-03 Alfreds & Alfreds, Inc. Retaining wall systems and methods of constructing same
US9982406B2 (en) * 2012-07-06 2018-05-29 Bradley Industrial Textiles, Inc. Geotextile tubes with porous internal shelves for inhibiting shear of solid fill material
US8950974B2 (en) 2012-08-16 2015-02-10 Seabed Technologies Llc Mat for sea floor installation
US9920500B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2018-03-20 Seabed Technologies Llc Apparatus and method for mat installation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA975973A (en) 1975-10-14
JPS5632403B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1981-07-28
JPS4972904A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1974-07-15

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