US3835662A - Device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level - Google Patents

Device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level Download PDF

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Publication number
US3835662A
US3835662A US00340954A US34095473A US3835662A US 3835662 A US3835662 A US 3835662A US 00340954 A US00340954 A US 00340954A US 34095473 A US34095473 A US 34095473A US 3835662 A US3835662 A US 3835662A
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United States
Prior art keywords
duct
mixing chamber
heat
evaporation reservoir
evaporation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00340954A
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English (en)
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F Staas
A Severijns
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/12—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using 3He-4He dilution

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A device for transporting heat between two temperature levels which are situated below 1K, provided with a mixing chamber having an inlet duct for the supply of a medium flow consisting mainly of He.
  • the mixing chamber is connected, via a connection duct which is in heat-exchange with the inlet duct, to an evaporation reservoir.
  • the mixing chamber, the connection duct and the evaporation reservoir contain a mixture of *He and He during operation.
  • the evaporation reservoir is provided with an outlet for mainly He in the vapour phase, and the device furthermore comprises at least one superleak, one side of which opens into and near the bottom of the evaporation reservoir.
  • the invention relates to a device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level, both levels being situated below lK.
  • the device comprises a mixing chamber which is provided with an inlet duct for the supply of a medium flow consisting mainly of He.
  • the mixing chamber communicates, via a connection duct which is in heat exchange with the inlet duct, with an evaporation reservoir, the mixing chamber, the connection duct and the evaporation reservoir containing a mixture of He and He.
  • the evaporation reservoir is provided with an outlet for mainly He in the vapor phase.
  • the device furthermore comprises at least one superleak, one side of which opens into and near the bottom of the evaporation reservoir.
  • a device of the kind set forth is known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,195,322 (FIG. 10).
  • the mixing chamber which is at 0.1 K, the connection duct and the evaporation space which is at 0.65K contain a mixture of He and He.
  • the evaporation space is kept at this low temperature by the withdrawal of vapor which consists mainly of He as a result of its higher volatility Via the inlet duct, exchanging heat with the connection duct, a medium flow containing mainly He is applied to the mixing chamber.
  • phase separation takes place in liquid He-He mixtures, i.e. into a He-rich phase and a He-poor phase. This phase separation occurs in the mixing chamber.
  • the transition from the supplied He-rich phase to the I-Ie-poor phase involves dilution and the mixing heat required for this purpose produces a cooling effect. Subsequently, the He in the superfluid He present in the connection duct will expand, thus producing a large quantity of cold which, however, is required substantially completely for the cooling of the He-flow in the inlet duct. The described cooling effect is thus obtained by the circulation of the He. So as to improve the cooling effect, the known device proposes to connect the evaporation space via a super-leak to a He-bath having a temperature of approximately 1.3 K.
  • He is applied from the *He-bath to a space which is connected, via a second super-leak, to the connection duct at a location be tween the mixing chamber and the evaporation reservoir.
  • This construction serves to cause a turbulent *He flow in the connection duct, which would result in an additional cooling effect in the mixing chamber.
  • the required driving force is generated somewhere in the He-circuit, formed by the evaporation reservoir, the first superleak, the second superleak, the mixing chamber and the connection duct.
  • a drawback of the known device is that the required driving force is not obtained or at least not to an extent which is sufficient to ensure proper operation.
  • a device of the kind to which the present invention relates is also described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,376,712 in which, so as to improve the cooling effect obtained by the phase transition from the He-rich phase to the Hepoor phase in the mixing chamber, the evaporation reservoir is connected, via a duct incorporating a superleak, to a part of the connection duct between mixing chamber and evaporation reservoir, it being possible to isolate this part from the mixing chamber of the evaporation reservoir, or from both, by means of valves. Correct control of the valves produces a kind of steam engine cycle, in which a mixture containing He expands further into substantially pure He which is supplied from the evaporation reservoir via the super-leak.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device in which said drawback is eliminated; to this end it is characterized in that the side of the superleak which is remote from the evaporation reservoir communicates with a space provided with a heating device for the supply of heat.
  • This space communicates, via a narrow duct in which the helium exceeds its critical velocity and a cooler, with a duct in which a number of superleaks are arranged.
  • Heat exchanging chambers are arranged between these superleaks, said heat-exchanging chambers forming part of heat exchangers which also comprise heat-exchanging chambers which are incorporated in the connection duct and the inlet duct.
  • the other end of the duct opens into the upper part of a second mixing chamber which is arranged at a level higher than that of the first timing chamber; the first and second mixing chamber are interconnected by a further connection duct which opens into the lower part of the second mixing chamber and into the upper part of the first mixing chamber, the duct being in heat-exchange, prior to opening into the second mixing chamber, with the first mixing chamber and the further connection duct.
  • the supply of heat to said space will cause a fountain pumping action across the first superleak, the superfluid helium then flowing from the evaporation reservoir to said space.
  • the helium flows through the narrow duct in which it exceeds its critical velocity to the cooler and the inlet of the second superleak.
  • the series connection of first superleak, narrow duct and cooler thus creates a driving force on the *He which is sufficient to make the He circulate through the ducts comprising the super-leaks, the first and the second mixing chamber, and the connection ducts and then back to the evaporation reservoir again.
  • a striking aspect is that by means of this device, whose operation will yet be described in detail, a temperature of approximately 0.6 mK can be achieved in the second mixing chamber.
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes a first mixing chamber.
  • An inlet duct 2 for He communicates with this mixing chamber 1.
  • the mixing chamber 1 is also connected, by a connection duct 3, to an evaporation reservoir 4 which is provided with an outlet 5 for He in the vapor phase.
  • the outlet 5 can be connected, for example, to a gas pump not shown.
  • the inlet duct 2 and the connection duct 3 are in heat-exchanging contact with each other via heat exchangers 6, 7, 8 and 9.
  • the mixing chamber 1, the connection duct 3 and the evaporation reservoir 4 are filled with a He-l-le mixture.
  • the evaporation reservoir 4 is connected to a superleak 10, the other side of which is connected to a space 11 in which a heating coil 12 is arranged.
  • the space 11 is connected, via a narrow duct 13 and a cooler 14, to one side of a duct 15 which comprises a number of superleaks and heat-exchanging chambers which are arranged therebetween and which form part of the heat exchangers 6, 7, 8 and 9.
  • the duct 15 is also in heat-exchange with the first mixing chamber 1 at the area 16, and subsequently in heat exchanger 17 with the connection duct 18 between the first mixing chamber 1 and a second mixing chamber 19 in which the duct 15 opens at the top.
  • the heat exchanger 17 may be omitted.
  • connection duct 3 and evaporation reservoir 4 are filled with a He- He mixture.
  • outlet 5 mainly He which is more volatile than He is discharged.
  • inlet duct 2 mainly He is supplied to mixing chamber 1 in which the applied He-rich phase changes over into the He-poor phase, which is accompanied by developments of cold, it being possible to utilize this cold for the cooling of some object.
  • the He subsequently flows through the connection duct 3 to the evaporation reservoir 4 again.
  • the second mixing chamber 19 communicates, via connection duct 18, with mixing chamber 1, a heat exchanger 17 ensuring heat exchange between the He in duct 15 and the mixture in the connection duct 18.
  • the He ultimately enters the mixing chamber 19 in which the He-rich phase (already present in mixing chamber 19) is diluted by the supplied He, thus producing cold. Due to its weight, the mixture formed drops through duct 18 to mixing chamber 1 and from there it circulates via duct 3 to evaporator 4. in the device according to the invention, consequently, cold is produced at two levels, i.e. in the mixing chamber 1 at a temperature of approximately 0.05K and in mixing chamber 19 at a temperature of approximately 0.6 ml(. Notably this latter temperature cannot be achieved by means of the known device.
  • a device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level, both temperature levels being situated below 1K comprising a mixing chamber which is provided with an inlet duct for the supply of a medium flow which consists mainly of He, the said mixing chamber communicating, via a connection duch which is in heat exchange with the inlet duct, with an evaporation reservoir the mixing chamber, the connection duct and the evaporation reservoir containing a mixture of He and He during operation, the evaporation reservoir being provided with an outlet for mainly *He in the vapour phase, the device furthermore comprising at least one superleak, one side of which opens into and near the bottom of the evaporation reservoir, characterized in that the side of the said superleak which is remote from the evaporation reservoir communicates with a space provided with a heating device for the supply of heat, the said space communicating, via a narrow duct in which the helium exceeds its critical velocity and a cooler, with a duct in which a number of superleaks are
  • a device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level, both temperature levels being situated below lK said device comprising a mixing chamber which is provided with a first inlet duct for the supply of a flow of medium comprising mainly He, and a second connection duct in heat exchange with said first duct, the mixing chamber communicating via said second duct with said evaporation reservoir, the mixing chamber, the connect duct and the evaporation reservoir containing a mixture of He and He during operation, the evaporation reservoir being provided with an outlet mainly for He in the vapor phase, the device furthermore comprising at least one superleak having one side which opens into and near the bottom of the evaporation reservoir and an opposite side which is remote from the evaporation reservoir, the device further comprising a heating space, a heating device therein, a third duct comprising a plurality of superleaks arranged alternately in series with heatexchanging chambers and defining opposite ends thereof, a cooler, a fourth narrow duct connecting said cooler and said space

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US00340954A 1972-03-18 1973-03-14 Device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level Expired - Lifetime US3835662A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7203659.A NL160381C (nl) 1972-03-18 1972-03-18 Inrichting voor het transporteren van warmte van een lager naar een hoger temperatuurniveau, welke inrichting is voor- zien van een mengkamer, welke via een verbindingskanaal is verbonden met een verdampingsreservoir voor een 4he-3he-mengsel, terwijl het verdampingsreservoir is voorzien van een van een superlek voorzien afvoerkanaal.

Publications (1)

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US3835662A true US3835662A (en) 1974-09-17

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US00340954A Expired - Lifetime US3835662A (en) 1972-03-18 1973-03-14 Device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3835662A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5215144B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2311423C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2176809B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1382534A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL160381C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4136531A (en) * 1976-05-26 1979-01-30 U.S. Philips Corporation 3 He-4 He Dilution refrigerator
US4213311A (en) * 1977-12-16 1980-07-22 U.S. Philips Corporation Superleak
FR2452684A1 (fr) * 1979-03-29 1980-10-24 Philips Nv Machine frigorifique du genre 3he-4he et dispositif de pompage de 4he superfluide
US4297856A (en) * 1979-03-14 1981-11-03 U.S. Philips Corporation 3 He-4 He Dilution refrigerator
EP0089391A1 (en) * 1982-03-23 1983-09-28 International Business Machines Corporation Method and dilution refrigerator for cooling at temperatures below 1K
US4459828A (en) * 1981-08-06 1984-07-17 Rosenbaum Ralph L Multiple-chamber cooling device particularly useful in a dilution refrigerator
US4770006A (en) * 1987-05-01 1988-09-13 Arch Development Corp. Helium dilution refrigeration system
US20110040254A1 (en) * 2008-02-20 2011-02-17 Steffen Gyrn Insertion Device with Horizontally Moving Part
US20180112928A1 (en) * 2016-10-25 2018-04-26 Honeywell International Inc. Ultra-low temperature heat exchangers

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3529391A1 (de) * 1985-08-16 1987-03-05 Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe Verfahren zum kuehlen eines objektes mit hilfe von suprafluidem helium (he ii) und einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
JPS63139894A (ja) * 1986-12-01 1988-06-11 株式会社テクノ大手 吊り具
JPS63139893A (ja) * 1986-12-01 1988-06-11 株式会社テクノ大手 吊り具
FR2626658B1 (fr) * 1988-02-03 1990-07-20 Centre Nat Etd Spatiales Procede et appareillage pour l'obtention de tres basses temperatures
DE10130171B4 (de) * 2001-06-22 2008-01-31 Raccanelli, Andrea, Dr. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturkühlung

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195322A (en) * 1961-09-22 1965-07-20 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerator employing helium
US3376712A (en) * 1966-03-16 1968-04-09 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerators operating at very low temperatures
US3447333A (en) * 1967-03-17 1969-06-03 California Inst Res Found Helium film refrigerator
US3472038A (en) * 1967-04-22 1969-10-14 Philips Corp Apparatus and method for transferring heat from a lower temperature level to a higher temperature level
US3581512A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-06-01 Philips Corp Liquid helium refrigeration apparatus and method
US3589138A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-06-29 Philips Corp Device for transporting thermal energy from a lower to higher temperature level
US3678704A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-07-25 Philips Corp Device for transporting thermal energy at temperatures lying below the {80 -temperature of helium
US3713305A (en) * 1968-06-05 1973-01-30 Philips Corp DEVICE FOR PRODUCING COLD AT TEMPERATURE LOWER THAN THAT OF lambda -POINT OF HELIUM

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195322A (en) * 1961-09-22 1965-07-20 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerator employing helium
US3376712A (en) * 1966-03-16 1968-04-09 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerators operating at very low temperatures
US3447333A (en) * 1967-03-17 1969-06-03 California Inst Res Found Helium film refrigerator
US3472038A (en) * 1967-04-22 1969-10-14 Philips Corp Apparatus and method for transferring heat from a lower temperature level to a higher temperature level
US3581512A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-06-01 Philips Corp Liquid helium refrigeration apparatus and method
US3589138A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-06-29 Philips Corp Device for transporting thermal energy from a lower to higher temperature level
US3713305A (en) * 1968-06-05 1973-01-30 Philips Corp DEVICE FOR PRODUCING COLD AT TEMPERATURE LOWER THAN THAT OF lambda -POINT OF HELIUM
US3678704A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-07-25 Philips Corp Device for transporting thermal energy at temperatures lying below the {80 -temperature of helium

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4136531A (en) * 1976-05-26 1979-01-30 U.S. Philips Corporation 3 He-4 He Dilution refrigerator
US4213311A (en) * 1977-12-16 1980-07-22 U.S. Philips Corporation Superleak
US4297856A (en) * 1979-03-14 1981-11-03 U.S. Philips Corporation 3 He-4 He Dilution refrigerator
FR2452684A1 (fr) * 1979-03-29 1980-10-24 Philips Nv Machine frigorifique du genre 3he-4he et dispositif de pompage de 4he superfluide
US4296609A (en) * 1979-03-29 1981-10-27 U.S. Philips Corporation 3 He-4 He refrigerator
US4459828A (en) * 1981-08-06 1984-07-17 Rosenbaum Ralph L Multiple-chamber cooling device particularly useful in a dilution refrigerator
EP0089391A1 (en) * 1982-03-23 1983-09-28 International Business Machines Corporation Method and dilution refrigerator for cooling at temperatures below 1K
US4499737A (en) * 1982-03-23 1985-02-19 International Business Machines Corporation Method and dilution refrigerator for cooling at temperatures below 1° K.
US4770006A (en) * 1987-05-01 1988-09-13 Arch Development Corp. Helium dilution refrigeration system
WO1988008507A1 (en) * 1987-05-01 1988-11-03 Arch Development Corp. Helium dilution refrigeration system
US20110040254A1 (en) * 2008-02-20 2011-02-17 Steffen Gyrn Insertion Device with Horizontally Moving Part
US20180112928A1 (en) * 2016-10-25 2018-04-26 Honeywell International Inc. Ultra-low temperature heat exchangers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1382534A (en) 1975-02-05
DE2311423A1 (de) 1973-09-20
FR2176809B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-09-10
JPS5215144B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-04-27
FR2176809A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-11-02
NL7203659A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-20
DE2311423C3 (de) 1978-12-21
JPS4913745A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-06
NL160381C (nl) 1979-10-15
DE2311423B2 (de) 1978-04-20
NL160381B (nl) 1979-05-15

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