US3835434A - Ptc resistor package - Google Patents

Ptc resistor package Download PDF

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Publication number
US3835434A
US3835434A US00366931A US36693173A US3835434A US 3835434 A US3835434 A US 3835434A US 00366931 A US00366931 A US 00366931A US 36693173 A US36693173 A US 36693173A US 3835434 A US3835434 A US 3835434A
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United States
Prior art keywords
package
metal
ptc resistor
contact
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00366931A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Kahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sprague Electric Co
Original Assignee
Sprague Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sprague Electric Co filed Critical Sprague Electric Co
Priority to US00366931A priority Critical patent/US3835434A/en
Priority to CA200,369A priority patent/CA988627A/en
Priority to JP6277474A priority patent/JPS5728922B2/ja
Priority to GB2476774A priority patent/GB1457036A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3835434A publication Critical patent/US3835434A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/022—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient mainly consisting of non-metallic substances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H01C1/1406—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49087—Resistor making with envelope or housing

Definitions

  • the body is sandwiched between two paddle-shaped metal plates making intimate electrical 52 us. 01. 338/22, 29/613 and thermal eenieet therewith
  • the handle-shaped 51 hit. or H0lc 7/04 Portions of the Plates extend radially from the Package [58 Field or Search 338/22, 23, 24, 25; and serve as P yp terminals
  • This assembly is 317/40 4 29/612 613 further sandwiched between broad thin layers of insulative material.
  • This double sandwich structure is held [56] References Cited in the recess of a hat-shaped metal bracket to which UNITED STATES PATENTS the top insulation layer is adhered.
  • the bottom insulation layer adheres to a metal disc that is approximately at;
  • This invention relates to a thermally conducting package for a resistor component and more particularly to a package for a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistor.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • PTC resistor bodies normally consist of doped barium titanate bodies to which electrodes are attached.
  • the resistance of the body remains relatively constant as the body temperature increases until the so-called anomaly temperature is reached.
  • This anomaly temperature is a characterisitc of the particular PTC body employed and is a function of its formulation.
  • a further increase in temperature causes the body resistance to increase sharply, typically three or four order of magnitude. It is well known to use such PTC resistors as temperature sensors or as self regulating heaters with a constant voltage applied.
  • the need for intimate thermal connection between a PTC resistor and the machine or thing whose temperature is to be sensed or controlled, is much greater than for a simple electrical resistor or a resistive heating element.
  • the goal is to keep the PTC resistor at the same temperature as the machine whereas for the simpler resistors the primary goal is to prevent the resistor from exceeding a temperature that will damage it.
  • a PTC resistor body is metallized on two opposite and parallel surfaces, which surfaces have areas that taken together are greater than half the total surface area of the PTC body.
  • the body is sandwiched between two electrodes making intimate electrical and thermal contact therewith.
  • the electrodes are comprised of metal plates having extensions that exend radially from 0 the package and serve as electrical terminals that are capable of being connected by standard press-on type connectors.
  • This assembly is further sandwiched between layers of insulative material.
  • This electrically insulated double sandwich structure is contacted by a thermally conductive housing or bracket that may further comprise or may be itself the machine or thing whose temperature is to be sensed.
  • the insulative layers provide electrical insulation, a broad thermal path, and a widely distributed mechanical connection between the PTC resistor body and the housing.
  • This package is capable of being simply mounted to a flat surface in intimate thermal connection therewith.
  • FIG. 1 a top view of a PTC resistor package, representing preferred embodiments of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is shown a sectional view of the package, taken in section 22 as indicated in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is shown a sectional view of the package, taken in section 33 as indicated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 is shown the top view of the PTC resistor package of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is shown in cross section the section 2-2 as indicated in FIG. 1.
  • the PTC resistor body 10 has a cylindrical shape, and a top and bottom surface that are mutually parallel. These surfaces each have metallized films 11 and 12 deposited thereon.
  • Adjacent to Him 12 is a ping-pong paddleshaped metal plate 14 whose circular portion is concentrically registered with the cylindrical body 10. Furthermore, this plate is flared, forming a shallow cup in which the body 10 is partially contained.
  • a second paddle-shaped metal plate 13 having the same dimensions as plate 14, lies adjacent to the film 11 and is concentrically registered with the cylindrical body 10.
  • the plates 13 and 14 are reflow soldered to the metallized surfaces of the PTC resistor body 10.
  • Each metallized surface and adjacent plate comprises one of the electrodes of the PTC resistor.
  • the handle or extended portion 18 of plate 14 extends away from the body radially, and the handle or extended portion 19 of plate 13 also extends away from the body radially but in the opposite direction.
  • An insulative layer 16 adheres to the outer or bottom face (as shown in FIG. 2) of the bottom electrode being comprised of metallized surface 12 and metal plate 14. Similarly an insulative layer 15 adheres to the outer or top face of the top electrode being comprised of metallized surface 11 and metal plate 13.
  • a metal disc 22 having a diameter greater than the circular portions of the metal plates 14 and 13 is adhered to the insulative layer 16.
  • the disc 22 is registed or essentially centered with respect to the body and circular portions of plates 13 and 14. 3
  • a formed metal bracket 21, having a hat-like shape in profile fits over the above described assembly.
  • the top inside surface of the bracket 21 (as shown in FIG. 2) is adhered to the insulative layer 15.
  • the assembly is so positioned in the concave region of the bracket 21 that disc 22 is substantially flush with the brim portions of the hat-shaped bracket.
  • the disc protrude slightly beyond the flush position (downward as seen in FIG. 2), so that when the package is mounted to a machine, the disc is in good pressure contact with a flat surface of the machine being held so in attachment by the brim of the bracket.
  • the bracket 13 is thus slightly bent to provide the needed compressive force.
  • Holes, such as 23 and 24 may be provided in the brim of the bracket 21, facilitating the use of mounting fasteners.
  • the extended portions 18 and 19 of plates 14 and 13, respectively, are designed to serve as the PTC resistor terminals. They are preformed so as to be suitable for I connecting with a standard-press-on type connector.
  • FIG. 3 is shown a sectional view as indicated in FIG. 2 by section 3-3.
  • the complete paddle shaped outline of the plate 14 is shown in FlG. 3 including its extended or handle portion 18 that serves as a terminal lead.
  • the PTC resistor body is of a well known composition of doped barium titanate and has an anomaly temperature of about l25 C. It has a thickness of 0.25 inches and a diameter of 1.25 inches.
  • lts top and bottom surfaces are metallized by applying palladium, zinc and silver as taught in U.S. letters Pat. No. 3,716,407 by M. Kahn, filed Sept. 23, 1969. These metallized surfaces are solder coated by applying solder to the heated body 10. A 60 percent tin 40 percent lead solder will be suitable when the package operating tem peratures will not exceed about 180 C.
  • the metal plates are made of brass.
  • the brass may be stamped from sheet metal stock of about 0.020 inch thickness and is coated at least on one side with solder.
  • the flared perimeter may be formed in a die press leaving a shallow cavity whose diameter is equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the PTC resistor body.
  • the shallow cup-like cavity serves to register the plates 13 and 14 with the body 10.
  • the plates are reflow solder connected to the metallized surface of the PTC body.
  • the insulation layers consist of MYLAR having an adhesive coating on both sides.
  • the MYLAR layer has a thickness of about 0.002 inch, but may be as thin as 0.0005 inch. (MYLAR is a tradename of the E. l. Du- Pont Co.)
  • the bracket 21 and disc 22 are formed from 0.030 inch sheet aluminum and have smooth surfaces so as to avoid distortion of the adjacent insulative layers and so that the smooth bottom surface of the disc will provide good thermal contact to its mounting surface.
  • the disc will contact the mounting surface first and when the bracket is fastened to the mounting surface, the bracket bends slightly, maintaining a spring pressure on the stack and the interface between the disc and the mounting surface.
  • the insulative layer is bonded to the plate 13 and to the bracket 21 by means of an epoxy resin.
  • insulative layer 16 is bonded to the plate 14 and the disc 22.
  • the PT C resistor body 10 having a smooth coating of solder or other conductive metal on either side in regions 11 and 12, is registered and pressed within the cup-like cavities of the flared elements 13 and 14.
  • the body 10 is not reflow soldered, in this second preferred embodiment, to plates 13 and 14, but rather is held in compression and in intimate electrical and thermal contact with the adjacent plates when the package is mounted to the flat surface of a machine. Electrically and thermally.
  • conductive grease can be used to help assure intimate thermal contact between the PTC body 10 and the plates 13 and 14.
  • Silicone grease being loaded with electrically conducting particles such as carbon or silver particles is used for this purpose.
  • the terminals l8 and 19 are capable of withstanding the physical forces exerted when mechanical press-on type connectors are fastened thereto, by virtue of the bonded insulative layers and the high starting friction connection between the disc and mounting surface held in compression.
  • the package of this invention provides an excellent thermal coupling between the electrically insulated PTC resistor body and a flat surface of a machine to which it may be mounted.
  • the diameter to thickness ratio of the cylindrical body is made greater than 2, then over 50 percent of the total surface of the body is advantageously in direct thermal contact with the electrodes.
  • the large contact areas of the insulation layers in turn provide a low resistance thermal path to the disc and the bracket.
  • the bracket brim and the disc then provide large surface areas of contact with a mounting surface.
  • This package presents a structure requiring a few simple well known steps in manufacture.
  • the package is, furthermore, simple to mount and electrically connect.
  • a key feature of the package of this invention is its simple rugged terminals, 18 and 19, that are suitable for connection by a normal quick disconnect or press-on type electrical connector.
  • the large area of contact between the PTC resistor body 10 and the elements l3 and 14, broadly distribute the mechanical loading due to the large shear forces that may be exerted between these parts when a stiff connector is being pressed on a terminal. In addition some of this force is also shared by the large surface contact between the insulating layers and the metal elements. This force is passed on to the bracket and to the disc which is in compressed contact with a mounting surface.
  • the insulative layers serve three important roles, providing collectively a low resistance thermal path, providing high electrical insulation resistance, and providing a widely dispersed mechanical connection.
  • the insulative layers and 16 are in intimate thermal contact with the entire outer sides of the metal plates 13 and 14, respectively.
  • the plates 13 and 14 may be substantially larger than the PTC body 10.
  • the insulative layers 15 and 16 are correspondingly enlarged as is the bracket 21 and disc 22.
  • the advantage of this construction is to further improve the thermal transfer efficiency by providing an even larger surface area and lower thermal resistance of the insulative layers 15 and 16.
  • the layers are made thick enough to provide adequate electrical insulation between the metal plates and the bracket or disc. Typical voltages are 110 VAC and 220 VAC at 60Hz and typical plastic insulator materials can withstand more than 1,000 volts per mil.
  • the insulation layers are made thin so as to minimize the thermal resistance between the electrodes and the bracket or disc.
  • the insulave layers may be formed by applying a liquid insulative bonding material to the other sides of the plates, pressing the bracket and disc in place and curing the bonding material.
  • the insulative layers may consist of a plastic tape having an adhesive applied to both sides, such as a B-stage epoxy coating. Upon suitable heating, such coatings first soften, then set and finally cure.
  • a wide variety of insulative materials will be suitable for use as the insulative layers.
  • a polyimide resin such as KAPTON will be effective especially for high temperatures. (KAPTON is a trademark of the E. l. Du- Pont Co.).
  • a berylia or alumina layer could be used whereby its bonding to bracket 21, PTC body 10 and disc 22 could be achieved by metallizing the layers and refiow soldering thereto.
  • the bracket, plates and disc may be made of sheet steel. Also the user has the option of varying the position of the terminal 19 relative to terminal 18 to suit his particular spacial requirements.
  • the disc 22 may be conveniently omitted when the machine surface to which the package is to be mounted is properly flat and v smooth.
  • the bottom insulating layer 16 (as seen in FIG. 2) will be made to lie in about the same plane with the brim portion of the bracket 21 such that both lie flush with the flat metal mounting surface of the machine.
  • bracket and disc may be replaced by a single thermally conducting metal part, having a cavity into which the electrically insulated and electroded PTC resistor may be fitted. These two parallel faces of the cavity would lie in intimate thermal contact with the insulative layers of the resistor assembly. Further, this single thermally conductive housing or part may be an integral part of the machine whose temperature is to be controlled or monitored by the PTC resistor.
  • a PTC resistor package comprising:
  • a PTC resistor body having two essentially parallel surfaces, the area of said two parallel surfaces taken together being greater than half the total surface area of said PTC resistor body;
  • first and second electrodes each lying adjacent to and in intimate thermal and electrical contact with essentially the entire area of one of said surfaces;
  • first and second insulative layers lying adjacent to and in intimate thermal contact with the outer sides of said first and second electrodes, respectively;
  • a metal housing having a cavity into which said PTC resistor body is fitted, said first and second insulative layers lying adjacent to and in intimate thermal contact with two inner faces, respectively, of said metal housing, such that said layers provide electrical insulation and intimate thermal contact between each of said electrodes and said housing;
  • connectivemeans for mounting and making thermal connection between said housing to a flat surface or an object whose temperature is to be regulated or sensed.
  • each of said electrodes is comprised of a metal film deposited on one of said parallel surfaces, and a metal plate lying adjacent thereto in intimate thermal and electrical contact with said film.
  • the package of claim 3 further comprising a means for causing a compressive force between each said metal plate and said intimately contacting metal film, whereby said thermal and electrical contact is achieved therebetween.
  • said metal housing is comprised of a sheet metal part having a hat shape in profile; and a sheet metal disc shaped part, said hat shaped part containing said body, the brim portions of said hat shaped part being approximately in the same plane as said disc shaped part, such that said package may be connected by said brim portion and thus mounted in intimate thermal contact with a flat portion of a machine.
  • said means comrises said brim portion of said housing having a plurality of holes therein for fastener mounting to said flat surface of said object.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Resistors (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
US00366931A 1973-06-04 1973-06-04 Ptc resistor package Expired - Lifetime US3835434A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00366931A US3835434A (en) 1973-06-04 1973-06-04 Ptc resistor package
CA200,369A CA988627A (en) 1973-06-04 1974-05-21 Ptc resistor package
JP6277474A JPS5728922B2 (enExample) 1973-06-04 1974-06-03
GB2476774A GB1457036A (en) 1973-06-04 1974-06-04 Resistors

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00366931A US3835434A (en) 1973-06-04 1973-06-04 Ptc resistor package

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US (1) US3835434A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5728922B2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA988627A (enExample)
GB (1) GB1457036A (enExample)

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955170A (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-05-04 Texas Instruments Incorporated Solid state switch
US3958208A (en) * 1974-06-05 1976-05-18 Texas Instruments Incorporated Ceramic impedance device
US3976854A (en) * 1974-07-31 1976-08-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Constant-temperature heater
US4037082A (en) * 1976-04-30 1977-07-19 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Positive temperature coefficient semiconductor heating device
US4037316A (en) * 1974-09-23 1977-07-26 General Electric Company Method of assembling temperature responsive resistance member
FR2350032A1 (fr) * 1976-04-30 1977-11-25 Murata Manufacturing Co Dispositif chauffant a semiconducteur a coefficient de temperature positif
US4147927A (en) * 1975-04-07 1979-04-03 U.S. Philips Corporation Self-regulating heating element
US4164000A (en) * 1977-08-31 1979-08-07 General Electric Company Relay-starter electrical device for a prime mover
US4230935A (en) * 1978-02-14 1980-10-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Immersion heater
US4241494A (en) * 1978-11-13 1980-12-30 General Electric Company Method of assembling an electrical device
US4267635A (en) * 1976-05-03 1981-05-19 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method of making a solid state electrical switch
US4324974A (en) * 1978-08-16 1982-04-13 Bosch-Siemens Hausgerage GmbH Heating element assembly with a PTC electric heating element
US4327282A (en) * 1978-10-21 1982-04-27 Firma Fritz Eichenauer Electrical resistance heating element
US4341949A (en) * 1979-08-07 1982-07-27 Bosch-Siemens Hausgerate Gmbh Electrical heating apparatus with a heating element of PTC material
US4401885A (en) * 1980-10-08 1983-08-30 Nippon Valqua Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Planar heat generating device
US4458137A (en) * 1981-04-09 1984-07-03 Rosemount Inc. Electric heater arrangement for fluid flow stream sensors
DE3506759C1 (de) * 1985-02-26 1986-09-18 Türk & Hillinger GmbH, 7200 Tuttlingen Selbstregelnder, elektrischer Heizkörper
US5058197A (en) * 1990-04-02 1991-10-15 Emerson Electric Co. Heater apparatus for fluid medium in a hermetically sealed chamber
US5372427A (en) * 1991-12-19 1994-12-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Temperature sensor
WO1995007540A1 (de) * 1993-09-09 1995-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Limiter zur strombegrenzung
US5688424A (en) * 1949-03-12 1997-11-18 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. PTC thermistor
US5841111A (en) * 1996-12-19 1998-11-24 Eaton Corporation Low resistance electrical interface for current limiting polymers by plasma processing
US5852397A (en) * 1992-07-09 1998-12-22 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices
US5864281A (en) * 1994-06-09 1999-01-26 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices containing a conductive polymer element having a fractured surface
US6150918A (en) * 1995-05-03 2000-11-21 Bc Components Holdings B.V. Degaussing unit comprising one or two thermistors
US6172303B1 (en) 1998-05-12 2001-01-09 Yazaki Corporation Electrical terminal with integral PTC element
US6292088B1 (en) 1994-05-16 2001-09-18 Tyco Electronics Corporation PTC electrical devices for installation on printed circuit boards
US6411776B1 (en) * 1997-06-18 2002-06-25 Dbk Espana, S.A. Electric heating device with emission of active substances
US6411191B1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2002-06-25 Eaton Corporation Current-limiting device employing a non-uniform pressure distribution between one or more electrodes and a current-limiting material
US20020162214A1 (en) * 1999-09-14 2002-11-07 Scott Hetherton Electrical devices and process for making such devices
US6640420B1 (en) 1999-09-14 2003-11-04 Tyco Electronics Corporation Process for manufacturing a composite polymeric circuit protection device
US20060131068A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2006-06-22 Rodriguez Edward T Surface mounted resistor with improved thermal resistance characteristics
WO2008111101A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Rotfil S.R.L. Cartridge heater
US20110183162A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2011-07-28 Tyco Electronics Corporation Surface Mountable PPTC Device with Integral Weld Plate
CN109424416A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-05 现代自动车株式会社 用于电动车辆的冷却水加热装置
US20190228887A1 (en) * 2018-01-23 2019-07-25 Biotronik Se & Co. Kg Electrical resistor, in particular for medical implants

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59125685U (ja) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-24 柴田　貞之 ホ−スの曲折防止補助具
JPS63101336U (enExample) * 1987-11-20 1988-07-01

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US2769071A (en) * 1953-04-10 1956-10-30 Frank L Ward Bridge balancing devices
US3121852A (en) * 1960-04-18 1964-02-18 Gen Motors Corp Ohmic contacts on semiconductors
US3138686A (en) * 1961-02-01 1964-06-23 Gen Electric Thermal switch device
US3697863A (en) * 1971-01-04 1972-10-10 Texas Instruments Inc Overcurrent protection system and sensor used therewith
US3748439A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-07-24 Texas Instruments Inc Heating apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2769071A (en) * 1953-04-10 1956-10-30 Frank L Ward Bridge balancing devices
US3121852A (en) * 1960-04-18 1964-02-18 Gen Motors Corp Ohmic contacts on semiconductors
US3138686A (en) * 1961-02-01 1964-06-23 Gen Electric Thermal switch device
US3697863A (en) * 1971-01-04 1972-10-10 Texas Instruments Inc Overcurrent protection system and sensor used therewith
US3748439A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-07-24 Texas Instruments Inc Heating apparatus

Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5688424A (en) * 1949-03-12 1997-11-18 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. PTC thermistor
US3958208A (en) * 1974-06-05 1976-05-18 Texas Instruments Incorporated Ceramic impedance device
US3976854A (en) * 1974-07-31 1976-08-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Constant-temperature heater
US4037316A (en) * 1974-09-23 1977-07-26 General Electric Company Method of assembling temperature responsive resistance member
US3955170A (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-05-04 Texas Instruments Incorporated Solid state switch
US4147927A (en) * 1975-04-07 1979-04-03 U.S. Philips Corporation Self-regulating heating element
US4037082A (en) * 1976-04-30 1977-07-19 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Positive temperature coefficient semiconductor heating device
FR2350032A1 (fr) * 1976-04-30 1977-11-25 Murata Manufacturing Co Dispositif chauffant a semiconducteur a coefficient de temperature positif
US4267635A (en) * 1976-05-03 1981-05-19 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method of making a solid state electrical switch
US4164000A (en) * 1977-08-31 1979-08-07 General Electric Company Relay-starter electrical device for a prime mover
US4230935A (en) * 1978-02-14 1980-10-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Immersion heater
US4324974A (en) * 1978-08-16 1982-04-13 Bosch-Siemens Hausgerage GmbH Heating element assembly with a PTC electric heating element
US4327282A (en) * 1978-10-21 1982-04-27 Firma Fritz Eichenauer Electrical resistance heating element
US4241494A (en) * 1978-11-13 1980-12-30 General Electric Company Method of assembling an electrical device
US4341949A (en) * 1979-08-07 1982-07-27 Bosch-Siemens Hausgerate Gmbh Electrical heating apparatus with a heating element of PTC material
US4401885A (en) * 1980-10-08 1983-08-30 Nippon Valqua Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Planar heat generating device
US4458137A (en) * 1981-04-09 1984-07-03 Rosemount Inc. Electric heater arrangement for fluid flow stream sensors
DE3506759C1 (de) * 1985-02-26 1986-09-18 Türk & Hillinger GmbH, 7200 Tuttlingen Selbstregelnder, elektrischer Heizkörper
US5058197A (en) * 1990-04-02 1991-10-15 Emerson Electric Co. Heater apparatus for fluid medium in a hermetically sealed chamber
US5372427A (en) * 1991-12-19 1994-12-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Temperature sensor
US7355504B2 (en) 1992-07-09 2008-04-08 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electrical devices
US5852397A (en) * 1992-07-09 1998-12-22 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices
US20040246092A1 (en) * 1992-07-09 2004-12-09 Graves Gregory A. Electrical devices
US6651315B1 (en) 1992-07-09 2003-11-25 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electrical devices
US5793278A (en) * 1993-09-09 1998-08-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Limiter for current limiting
WO1995007540A1 (de) * 1993-09-09 1995-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Limiter zur strombegrenzung
US6292088B1 (en) 1994-05-16 2001-09-18 Tyco Electronics Corporation PTC electrical devices for installation on printed circuit boards
US5864281A (en) * 1994-06-09 1999-01-26 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices containing a conductive polymer element having a fractured surface
US6211771B1 (en) 1994-06-09 2001-04-03 Michael Zhang Electrical device
US6150918A (en) * 1995-05-03 2000-11-21 Bc Components Holdings B.V. Degaussing unit comprising one or two thermistors
US5841111A (en) * 1996-12-19 1998-11-24 Eaton Corporation Low resistance electrical interface for current limiting polymers by plasma processing
US6411776B1 (en) * 1997-06-18 2002-06-25 Dbk Espana, S.A. Electric heating device with emission of active substances
US6172303B1 (en) 1998-05-12 2001-01-09 Yazaki Corporation Electrical terminal with integral PTC element
US7343671B2 (en) 1999-09-14 2008-03-18 Tyco Electronics Corporation Process for manufacturing a composite polymeric circuit protection device
US20020162214A1 (en) * 1999-09-14 2002-11-07 Scott Hetherton Electrical devices and process for making such devices
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA988627A (en) 1976-05-04
GB1457036A (en) 1976-12-01
JPS5022249A (enExample) 1975-03-10
JPS5728922B2 (enExample) 1982-06-19

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