US3830716A - Electrocoating method and apparatus - Google Patents

Electrocoating method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3830716A
US3830716A US00165165A US16516571A US3830716A US 3830716 A US3830716 A US 3830716A US 00165165 A US00165165 A US 00165165A US 16516571 A US16516571 A US 16516571A US 3830716 A US3830716 A US 3830716A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
articles
belt
conveyor
bath
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00165165A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Haney
Tour H La
R Brown
K Bagdal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Armco Inc
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Armco Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Armco Inc filed Critical Armco Inc
Priority to US00165165A priority Critical patent/US3830716A/en
Priority to CA143,339A priority patent/CA969507A/en
Priority to GB2782072A priority patent/GB1393163A/en
Priority to IT51069/72A priority patent/IT958611B/it
Priority to BE785349A priority patent/BE785349A/xx
Priority to BR4199/72A priority patent/BR7204199D0/pt
Priority to FR7223622A priority patent/FR2146226B1/fr
Priority to DE2232162A priority patent/DE2232162C3/de
Priority to AR242867A priority patent/AR193410A1/es
Priority to NL7209129A priority patent/NL7209129A/xx
Priority to CH988572A priority patent/CH576532A5/xx
Priority to AT566572A priority patent/AT325744B/de
Priority to JP7379672A priority patent/JPS5717959B1/ja
Priority to ES405088A priority patent/ES405088A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3830716A publication Critical patent/US3830716A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • C25D13/22—Servicing or operating apparatus or multistep processes

Definitions

  • a multiplicity of small articles to be electrocoated are delivered onto a conveyor for movement through the electrocoating bath.
  • the conveyor must include a clean, preferably foraminous surface, and be effective to transmit an electric charge of one potentail to the articles carried thereby.
  • An electrode at a second potential is disposed in the electrocoating bath adjacent the path of travel of the articles on the conveyor.
  • the articles may be prewetted with a composition compatible with the electrocoating bath.
  • This invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for continuously, simultaneously electrically depositing a coating film on a multiplicity of small, electrically conductive articles.
  • Such systems known per se, are variously referred to in the art as electrocoating, electrophoresis, or electropainting.
  • the electrocoating art is most highly developed in connection with the coating of relatively large components or long lengths of material.
  • automobile bodies or the like can be given an electric charge directly, and passed into a suitable bath.
  • Empirical experience with the vibratory conveyor for electropainting has disclosed a number of rather severe disadvantages.
  • the conveying action is 3,830,716 Patented Aug. 20, 1974 not positive. That is, the individual components will re main in the paint bath for varying lengths of time.
  • apparatus of this type has been found to be less than fully satisfactory for commercial operation in that jam-ups and the like occur with some frequency.
  • the bucket type conveyor described in the Haney patent contemplates a rather complex mechanism, most of which is submerged in a paint bath for substantial periods of time. This arrangement leads to cleaning and maintenance problems.
  • the Haney patent referred to earlier also indicates, inter alia, that it is desirable to move the parts relative to one another during immersion in the paint bath. This of course requires some mechanism for agitating the parts relative to one another while in the paint bath.
  • the 'Haney patent discloses the use of two conveyors in the bath, with means for transferring the parts from one conveyor to the other.
  • a further and more specific object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for electrocoating small articles which are relatively simple and which apparatus is inexpensive to construct and operate.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an effective method and apparatus for electrocoating small articles which are largely trouble free.
  • this invention contemplates that the articles to be coated may be thoroughly and completely pre-wetted in a liquid composition which is compatible with the electrocoating composition subsequently used.
  • this pro-wetting step will include provision for agitation of the articles to be coated while in the pro-wetting composition.
  • the pre-wetted articles are then delivered by a conveyor which is arranged to move them through the electrocoating field.
  • the conveyor apparatus contemplated includes a clean, foraminous surface which is elfective to transmit an electric charge of a given potential to the articles carried thereby.
  • the conveyor may be arranged in a sloping path so that the articles carried thereby will be moved out of the bath for further processing.
  • FIG. 1 is a block-type flow diagram generally indicating the steps contemplated in the successful practice of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of an electrocoating bath and conveyor structure.
  • FIG. 3 is an end elevational view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a very schematic showing of the electrical circuitry necessary to continuously, electrically coat articles on a conveyor and electrically clean the conveyor surface.
  • this invention is directed to the electrocoating of a multiplicity of small parts, such as, for example, screws, nuts, bolts and the like.
  • a supply of articles to be coated is indicated at the box 10.
  • the articles to be coated are continually moved from the supply to the pre-Wetting step 12. This pre-wetting may be accomplished by any means which will continuously move the parts to be coated through a bath of the pre-wetting composition.
  • the mechanism for conveying parts through the pre-wetting composition should include means for agitating the parts or for moving them relative to one another.
  • a vibratory conveyor such as taught in Michelson Pat. 3,420,766 may be used to carry out the pre-wet-ting step.
  • the pre-wetting composition must be compatible with the composition utilized in the electrocoating bath itself. Very clearly, identical composition can be used for prewetting and electrocoating. It is believed essential that the pre-wetting and electrocoating be carried out in compositions having substantially the same vehicle. In other Words, when utilizing an aqueous organic electropainting solution, the pre-wetting can be carried out with another aqueous organic electropainting solution, or even with water.
  • the articles are delivered to the electrocoating bath 14.
  • the bath indicated generally at 14 includes a conveyor onto which the articles are delivered.
  • the conveyor must be characterized by a clean surface, and must be effective to transmit an electrical charge to the articles carried thereby.
  • a second electrode will be disposed in the bath 14, and as is Well known in the art, a coating will be deposited upon the articles as they move with the conveyor through the bath 14.
  • the coated articles are delivered from the bath 14 by any suitable mechanism to the final baking operation 16.
  • the application of heat to the electrically deposited coating transforms the coating into a uniform, tightly adherent film.
  • the time, temperature, and other parameters for the final baking operation will depend upon the particular coating composition utilized. Successful practice of the instant invention clearly requires a final bake; but it is to be understood that the baking operation, per se, does not form a part of this invention.
  • FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 one embodiment of the apparatus for conveying the articles to be coated through the electrocoating bath will be described.
  • the container indicated generally at 20 is adapted to contain a supply of a suitable electrocoating composition.
  • the normal level of the coating liquid in the container is indicated at 22. It will of course be understood that in the case of a continuous, commercial operation, conventional means will be utilized for filling and replenishing the electrocoating composition, and a drain outlet may be provided. These components are not shown in the drawings.
  • the conveying apparatus includes the frame having the spaced apart, parallel side wall members 24 and 26. These members are secured in the parallel, spaced relationship With the cross-rods 28, 30, 32, and 34. Thus, the entire conveyor structure which, as will be described hereinafter, is mounted on the frame, may be removed from the container 20 for maintenance, cleaning, and the like.
  • the conveyor comprises the rolls 36 and 38 which will be mounted for rotation between the side walls 24 and 26,
  • the fully submerged roll 36 serves simply as a turn-around roll. It is to be constructed of a material which is electrically insulative.
  • the drive roll 38 may be utilized to transmit or conduct an electric charge to the articles carried by the belt.
  • the roll 38 must be constructed of an electrically conductive material.
  • Such apparatus does not, per se, form a part of this invention and has not been shown in the drawing.
  • drive mechanism may include an electric motor and gear reducing drive, which may be coupled with a flexible cable drive to the shaft 38a on which the roller 38 is mounted. It will be observed that the shaft 38a could easily be disposed above the level 22 of liquid composition in the bath, and hence the entire drive mechanism would not be exposed to the liquid environment.
  • the belt 40 may also be driven by the resilient roll 42 which will of course be suitably journaled for rotation in the side walls 24 and 26.
  • the roll 42 is normally urged against the belt 40 and roller 38 by means of the springs 44.
  • the drive mechanism would then be coupled to the shaft 42a.
  • the belt indicated generally at 40 must serve two primary functions. First of all, it must of course carry the articles to be coated through a portion of the electrocoating bath. Secondly, as already indicated, the belt 40 must be eifective to transmit an electric charge to the articles carried on it. It is, therefore, preferred that the belt 40 be of an electrically conductive material.
  • a smooth belt 40 would be satisfactory; a dimpled belt would be better, and a foraminous belt is clearly best.
  • the phrase foraminous belt includes any belt having many closely spaced openings, such as a woven mesh screen or a perforated band.
  • the current could be transmitted by brushes or a split ring to the shaft 38a, or by brushes or the like directly to the belt 40.
  • the electrodeposition circuit also includes the electrode 46 which is disposed in the bath and closely adjacent the path of travel of articles carried by the belt 40.
  • the electrode 46 may comprise a fiat sheet of material, or may be in the form of a grid.
  • the electrode 46 may conveniently be supported by fingers or rods engaging the openings 48 in the side Walls 24 and 26. A plurality of such openings permit ready adjustability of the position of the grid.
  • alternating current coating techniques can be utilized with the apparatus of this invention.
  • the belt 40 is under an applied electric potential substantially equal to that of the articles carried thereby. It would of course follow that the resin and pigment components of the paint would be expected to be deposited to some 6X- tent on the conveyor belt itself.
  • the cleaning may be accomplished in two rather different ways.
  • anodic coating anodized aluminum and zinc coated (galvanized) belts have been used with success. All of these materials will adequately conduct a charge to articles carried on the belt surface, and yet, after extended periods of operation, are found to be substantially free from coating material.
  • FIG. 5 A schematic electrical circuitry for reverse polarity cleaning is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the negative lead 74 of a first source of DC current 76 will be connected to the electrode 46.
  • the positive lead 78 will be connected in any suitable way to the roller 38 or belt 40.
  • a second source of direct current 80 will have its positive lead 82 connected across the switch 84 to the electrode 50, and its negative lead 86 connected across the switch 84 to the roller 38 or belt 40.
  • the electrode 46 will be negatively charged while the electrode 50 will be positively charged.
  • the roll 38 and belt 40 will be more positively charged than the electrode 46.
  • resin and pigment components of the electrocoating composition will migrate toward and be deposited on articles carried by the belt 40 as they pass beneath the electrode 46.
  • the roll 38 and belt 40 is less positively charged than the electrode 50.
  • coating material which has been deposited on the belt 40 as it passes beneath the electrode 46 will be transferred from the belt 40 as it passes on the lower flight of the conveyor, either going back into solution or being deposited on the electrode 50.
  • the switch 84 of course must be closed to effect this reverse polarity cleaning.
  • the system schematically shown in FIG. 5, further requires that there be no common ground between the current output of sources 76 and 80. A common ground would short the system out.
  • Reverse polarity cleaning has a further, important effect. It is known that electro-depositable paint systems are satisfactory within certain solution characteristics. The pH level of the solution, for example, must be maintained within a fairly narrow range. As the resin and pigment components of the paint are depleted, the paint solution becomes more alkaline. Reverse polarity cleaning, to the extent that it attracts the material deposited on the belt 40 back into solution, tends to reduce the alkalinity, thus increasing the time during which proper pH level is maintained.
  • Empirical investigations have indicated that the mostv important variable with respect to the question of build up or accumulation of coating .material on the belt, is the composition of the paint system.
  • the use of a foraminous belt 40 having rectifying characteristics may be suflicient to maintain the belt in a satisfactorily clean condition without reverse polarity cleaning.
  • the apparatus of this invention can function equally well in the case of certain paint systems with a belt 40 not having rectifying characteristics by utilizing reverse polarity cleaning.
  • Still other paint systems may require both of these systems in order to obtain satisfactory results during extended periods of operation.
  • a chute has been indicated schematically at through which articles are delivered onto the conveyor belt 40.
  • one aspect of the method of this invention is the requirement that the articles to be coated be pre-wetted in a composition compatible with the electrocoating bath itself.
  • this pre-wetting step includes agitation or relative movement of the articles during pre-wetting.
  • Any conventional conveying apparatus can be used to carry the articles from the pre-wetting step to deliver them to the chute 90 and hence to the belt 40.
  • the belt 40 should be a relatively fine mesh screen material.
  • narrow supports 92 and 94 are provided for the edges of the top flight of the belt 40.
  • the roll 38 is elevated above the roll 36 and hence the belt 40 is inclined from the horizontal.
  • the last portion of the upper flight of the belt 40 is completely above the normal level of the bath 22. This permits easy transfer of articles carried by the belt 40 for further processing.
  • the slide chute 96 receives the articles from the belt 40 and transfers them to another conveying mechanism, not shown, for transfer to the final baking operation.
  • the articles to be coated were A x 20 x 1 galvanized bolts. These articles were first cleaned by tumbling in a mill with alumina pellets. The parts were then rinsed, and a conversion coating was applied and prebaked.
  • One important aspect of this invention is the very short time required in the electrocoating bath in order to secure a complete coating.
  • the distance between the rolls 36 and 38 was approximately 61 cm. (24 inches), and the roll 38 was driven so as to move the belt at a speed of approximately 2 cm./sec. (4 feet/min). This speed, and the level of the electrocoating bath were such that the articles were submerged in the bath for a period of approximately 30 seconds.
  • the electrocoating bath used was I D 1925, a low gloss black paint furnished by the Jones-Dabney Division of Celanese Coatings Co.
  • the final bake was carried out at a temperature of about 316 C. (600 F.) for a time of two minutes.
  • the resulting articles were observed to have a very uniform, complete coating approximately .02 mm. (0.8 mils) thick.
  • electrical circuit means including (i) means for applying a first potential to articles carried on said belt and (ii) means for applying a second potential to said electrode whereby to deposit uniformly a coating of said composition on said articles;
  • *(i) means for transferring said coated articles from said belt for further processing.
  • the apparatus claimed in claim 1 including means for continuously electrically cleaning said belt.
  • said means for continuously electrically cleaning said belt includes a second electrode adapted to be mounted in said bath adjacent another portion of said belt, said electric circuit means including means for supplying a third potential to said second electrode.
  • Apparatus for continuously, simultaneously appying a coating from an electrodepositable composition to a plurality of small articles comprising:
  • non-vibratory conveyor means located in a container and adapted to be at least partially submerged in a bath of said electrodepositable composition and arranged to carry said articles through said bath;
  • the apparatus claimed in claim 10 including means for maintaining said belt substantially free from acoating of said electrodepositable composition.
  • step of preventing the accumulation of a loosely bonded coating of said electrodepositable composition on said conveyor includes the step of using as said conveyor one which is comprised of a material having a rectification characteristic.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
US00165165A 1971-07-22 1971-07-22 Electrocoating method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3830716A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00165165A US3830716A (en) 1971-07-22 1971-07-22 Electrocoating method and apparatus
CA143,339A CA969507A (en) 1971-07-22 1972-05-29 Electrocoating method and apparatus
GB2782072A GB1393163A (en) 1971-07-22 1972-06-14 Electrophoretic coating method and apparatus
IT51069/72A IT958611B (it) 1971-07-22 1972-06-22 Procedimento ed apparecchio per rivestimento elettrolitico di una molteplicita di piccoli oggetti
BE785349A BE785349A (fr) 1971-07-22 1972-06-23 Procede et appareil de galvanoplastie
BR4199/72A BR7204199D0 (pt) 1971-07-22 1972-06-27 Ade de pequenas pecas, e, aparelhagem para esta finalidadeprocesso para aplicar continua e simultaneamente um revestimento de uma composicao-eletro-depositavel a uma plurali
FR7223622A FR2146226B1 (de) 1971-07-22 1972-06-29
DE2232162A DE2232162C3 (de) 1971-07-22 1972-06-30 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen gleichzeitigen Aufbringen eines Überzugs aus einer elektrisch abscheidbaren Zusammensetzung auf eine Vielzahl von kleinen Gegenständen
AR242867A AR193410A1 (es) 1971-07-22 1972-06-30 Metodo y aparato para aplicar un revestimiento
NL7209129A NL7209129A (de) 1971-07-22 1972-06-30
CH988572A CH576532A5 (de) 1971-07-22 1972-06-30
AT566572A AT325744B (de) 1971-07-22 1972-06-30 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbringen eines überzuges aus einer elektrisch abscheidbaren mischung auf eine vielzahl von kleinen gegenständen
JP7379672A JPS5717959B1 (de) 1971-07-22 1972-07-22
ES405088A ES405088A1 (es) 1971-07-22 1972-07-22 Procedimiento y aparato para aplicar de una forma continua y simultanea un recubrimiento de una composicion electrode- positable sobre una pluralidad de pequenos articulos.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00165165A US3830716A (en) 1971-07-22 1971-07-22 Electrocoating method and apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3830716A true US3830716A (en) 1974-08-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00165165A Expired - Lifetime US3830716A (en) 1971-07-22 1971-07-22 Electrocoating method and apparatus

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US3830716A (de)
JP (1) JPS5717959B1 (de)
AR (1) AR193410A1 (de)
AT (1) AT325744B (de)
BE (1) BE785349A (de)
BR (1) BR7204199D0 (de)
CA (1) CA969507A (de)
CH (1) CH576532A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2232162C3 (de)
ES (1) ES405088A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2146226B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1393163A (de)
IT (1) IT958611B (de)
NL (1) NL7209129A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3879277A (en) * 1973-04-27 1975-04-22 Armco Steel Corp Method and apparatus for electropainting small articles
US4700709A (en) * 1986-01-30 1987-10-20 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Apparatus and method for determining ammonium ion concentration and total ammonia concentration in fluids or tissue
US5120410A (en) * 1990-09-17 1992-06-09 Service Tool Die & Mfg. Company Rotary electrocoating machine
US5810987A (en) * 1988-12-23 1998-09-22 Sep Gesellschaft Fur Technische Studien Entwicklung Planung Mbh Process for efficiently electrophoretically coating small items
US20060032751A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-02-16 Mcpheron Douglas A System for coating objects
US20060032748A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-02-16 Mcpheron Douglas A Method for coating objects
US20060049062A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-03-09 Orosz Gary R Processes for coating of objects
US20070007110A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2007-01-11 Kaufman Paul J Belt conveyor apparatus
CN113463165A (zh) * 2021-07-04 2021-10-01 江苏申源集团有限公司 不锈钢制品生产用连续电泳装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1262316B (it) * 1993-04-30 1996-06-19 Gianfranco Baldassari Macchina ad elevata flessibilita' di impiego per la riverniciatura elettroforetica di coperchi in banda stagnata.

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL270193A (de) * 1960-10-13 1900-01-01
GB1051801A (de) * 1964-01-24
GB1180731A (en) * 1966-03-16 1970-02-11 Ici Ltd Electrodeposition Coating Process and Apparatus
US3616392A (en) * 1968-12-04 1971-10-26 Armco Steel Corp Method for coating conductive articles
JPS502120Y2 (de) * 1971-06-24 1975-01-21

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3879277A (en) * 1973-04-27 1975-04-22 Armco Steel Corp Method and apparatus for electropainting small articles
US4700709A (en) * 1986-01-30 1987-10-20 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Apparatus and method for determining ammonium ion concentration and total ammonia concentration in fluids or tissue
US5810987A (en) * 1988-12-23 1998-09-22 Sep Gesellschaft Fur Technische Studien Entwicklung Planung Mbh Process for efficiently electrophoretically coating small items
US5120410A (en) * 1990-09-17 1992-06-09 Service Tool Die & Mfg. Company Rotary electrocoating machine
US20060051512A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-03-09 Orosz Gary R Apparatus and systems for coating objects
US20060032748A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-02-16 Mcpheron Douglas A Method for coating objects
US20060049062A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-03-09 Orosz Gary R Processes for coating of objects
US20060051511A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-03-09 Orosz Gary R Apparatus and systems for coating objects
US20060032751A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-02-16 Mcpheron Douglas A System for coating objects
US20070007110A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2007-01-11 Kaufman Paul J Belt conveyor apparatus
US7303065B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2007-12-04 Penn United Technologies, Inc. Belt conveyor apparatus
US7455732B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2008-11-25 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Apparatus and systems for coating objects
US7767070B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2010-08-03 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Processes for coating of objects
US7943028B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2011-05-17 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Method for coating objects
US7947160B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2011-05-24 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. System for coating objects
CN113463165A (zh) * 2021-07-04 2021-10-01 江苏申源集团有限公司 不锈钢制品生产用连续电泳装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2146226A1 (de) 1973-03-02
ES405088A1 (es) 1976-01-01
CA969507A (en) 1975-06-17
NL7209129A (de) 1973-01-24
JPS5717959B1 (de) 1982-04-14
IT958611B (it) 1973-10-30
AR193410A1 (es) 1973-04-23
DE2232162A1 (de) 1973-03-22
DE2232162C3 (de) 1981-03-19
GB1393163A (en) 1975-05-07
DE2232162B2 (de) 1980-08-07
CH576532A5 (de) 1976-06-15
BR7204199D0 (pt) 1974-12-31
BE785349A (fr) 1972-10-16
ATA566572A (de) 1975-01-15
AT325744B (de) 1975-11-10
FR2146226B1 (de) 1976-10-29

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