US3830239A - Cryosurgical device - Google Patents

Cryosurgical device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3830239A
US3830239A US00288363A US28836372A US3830239A US 3830239 A US3830239 A US 3830239A US 00288363 A US00288363 A US 00288363A US 28836372 A US28836372 A US 28836372A US 3830239 A US3830239 A US 3830239A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
container
tip
refrigerant
housing
needle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00288363A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Stumpf
J Andera
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FRIGI ACQUISITION Inc
CooperVision Inc
Original Assignee
Frigitronics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Frigitronics Inc filed Critical Frigitronics Inc
Priority to US00288363A priority Critical patent/US3830239A/en
Priority to CA170,587A priority patent/CA989633A/en
Priority to AR247890A priority patent/AR195527A1/es
Priority to BR3349/73A priority patent/BR7303349D0/pt
Priority to IT68416/73A priority patent/IT986655B/it
Priority to BE131615A priority patent/BE800146A/xx
Priority to LU67705A priority patent/LU67705A1/xx
Priority to FR7320034A priority patent/FR2198725B1/fr
Priority to NL7308008A priority patent/NL7308008A/xx
Priority to JP48080778A priority patent/JPS4965088A/ja
Priority to GB3986973A priority patent/GB1438843A/en
Priority to DE2345771A priority patent/DE2345771C2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3830239A publication Critical patent/US3830239A/en
Assigned to FRIGITRONICS, INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment FRIGITRONICS, INC., A CORP. OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 14, 1986 AND DECEMBER 8, 1986, RESPECTIVELY DELAWARE Assignors: FRIGITRONICS, INC., A CORP. OF CT., FRIGITRONICS OF CONN., INC., A CORP. OF CT
Assigned to BANK OF NEW YORK COMMERCIAL CORPORATION, THE, 530 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NEW YORK reassignment BANK OF NEW YORK COMMERCIAL CORPORATION, THE, 530 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NEW YORK SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FRIGITRONICS OF CONNECTICUT, INC.,
Assigned to FRIGITRONICS INC., A DE CORPORATION reassignment FRIGITRONICS INC., A DE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FRIGITRONICS OF CONN., INC.
Assigned to FRIGI ACQUISITION, INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment FRIGI ACQUISITION, INC., A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FRIGITRONICS OF CONN., INC.
Assigned to FRIGITRONICS OF CONN., INC. reassignment FRIGITRONICS OF CONN., INC. RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). RECORDED AT REEL 4935, FRAME 0800 ON MAY 20, 1988. Assignors: BANK OF NEW YORK COMMERCIAL CORPORATION, THE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to COOPERVISION, INC. A NY CORPORATION reassignment COOPERVISION, INC. A NY CORPORATION NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 03/16/1990 Assignors: FRIGI ACQUISITION, INC., A CORPORATION OF DE
Assigned to FRIGI ACQUISITION, INC. reassignment FRIGI ACQUISITION, INC. NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 09/30/1991 Assignors: COOPERVISION, INC. A CORP. OF NEW YORK
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to a cryosurgical device employing a low boiling temperature liquid refrigerant. More particularly, it relates to such a device which is self-contained, disposable, and of small size rendering it particularly useful for the cryoextraction of cata racts.
  • All of the foregoing are characterized by being selfcontained units which enclose a container of pressurized, low boiling temperature, liquid refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant is selectively released from the container into a separate boiler tip. Boiling of the refrigerant reduces the temperature of the tip which is thereupon used for the surgical procedure.
  • One such surgical procedure is adhesion to a cataractous lens for its removal in cataract surgery.
  • Another type of prior art device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,270,744 of Katz et al. That device, however, is not normally in a ready condition. It is always vented and accordingly must be separately filled with liquid nitrogen for each use.
  • a self-contained, disposable, cryosurgical device incorporating an elongated, sealed container having a first end terminating in a heat conductive tip, and a second end.
  • a liquefied refrigerant partially fills the container and is normally maintained therein at superatmospheric pressure.
  • An insulating housing substantially encloses the container and exposes at least a portion of the tip. Means are provided for selectively venting the container to atmosphere to boil the refrigerant and cool the tip.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cryosurgical apparatus in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross section of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a-further enlarged cross section of the operating mechanism of the device of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 illustrating an alternative operating mechanism.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is illustrated a cryosurgical device in accordance with this invention which has the same size and shape as a conventional ballpoint pen. It comprises a housing 10 comprising an upper housing 10a, a central barrel 10b, and a tip housing 10c.
  • the housing is preferably formed of a material having poor heat conductance, such as nylon, polypropylene, an acrylic, or other suitable material.
  • Upper housing 1.0a is closed at its upper end but defines a crylindrical guideway 12 and small vents 13.
  • the inside of barrel 10b has a substantially cylindrical surface 14.
  • the tip housing 10c has an internal tapering surface 16 terminating in a cylindrical passage 18.
  • a refrigerant container 20 mounted within the housing 10 .
  • the upper end of container 20 defines a circular shoulder 22 defining a central opening 24.
  • a cup shaped cap 26 is crimped over the shoulder 22 and defines a central opening 28.
  • Sealed between the upper end of the container 20 and the cap 26 is a rubber diaphragm 30.
  • the tapered lower end of container 20 terminates at a solid, rod-like tip 32 at a matching conical portion 34 of the tip.
  • the tip portions 32, 34 are fabricated from a suitable heat conductive material. -It is important to note that container 20 is secured within the housing 10 by contact made only at the cap 26 and at the tip portion 34. The remainder of the container is displaced from the housing 10 to provide a dead air insulating space 36.
  • an actuating plunger 38 upon which is mounted a hollow needle 44 aligned with the opening 28 in cap 26.
  • a small vent hole 46 is drilled in the side of the hollow needle 44.
  • Contained within upper housing is a plug 47 of felt or other porous, fibrous, or blotter-like material. The plug 47 defines a passage 49 for needle 44.
  • the device of this invention is supplied to the surgeon with the container 28 partially filled with a suitable liquid refrigerant 51, such as Freon 12 or Freon 500.
  • a suitable liquid refrigerant 51 such as Freon 12 or Freon 500.
  • the apparatus is normally used in an upright position, such as illustrated in FIG. 2. In this position there is a vapor space in the upper region of the container 20.
  • the sealing action of diaphragm 30 causes the vapor and liquid refrigerant to be maintained under pressure at room temperature. When employing Freon 12, this pressure is approximately psig while, when employing Freon 500, the pressure is approximately psig.
  • the function of the plug 47 is to soak up any liquid refrigerant while allowing gaseous refrigerant to pass.
  • liquid refrigerant Several conditions may cause liquid to be present in the upper housing including: the container being too full; violent boiling of the liquid; sloshing of the liquid due to motion of the surgeons hand; or activation while in other than a vertical position.
  • FIG. 4 An alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the needle and diaphragm are replaced by a conventional valve.
  • the puncturable diaphragm is replaced by a valving diaphragm 50 which has an outer annular flange 52 which is engaged by the crimped cap 54 to retain it in place.
  • the valve diaphragm has an enlarged central portion 56 which seals the container by contacting the central opening 58 in the cap.
  • a sidewardly positioned vent 60 in the diaphragm is normally closed by engagement with the cap.
  • the hollow needle is replaced by a reduced diameter stem 62 on the end of a plunger 64.
  • the plunger 64 Downward movement of the plunger depresses the central portion 56 of the diaphragm permitting the vapor to exhaust through vent 60 and opening 58 to atmosphere.
  • the plunger 64 is retained in the open valve position by means of a detent 66 which overrides an internal shoulder 68 in the housing.
  • This construction could be modified by making plunger 64 retractable, such as the button on a ballpoint pen. The valve could then be closed to permit defrosting during a surgical procedure.
  • a self-contained, disposable cryosurgical device which comprises: an elongated, sealed container having a first end terminating in an integral heat conductive applicator tip, and a second end; a liquefied refrigerant partially filling said container to define a vapor space therein and normally maintained at super atmospheric pressure, said liquid being in direct physical contact with said tip; an insulating housing substantially enclosing said container but exposing at least a portion of said tip; and means at said second end for selectively venting the vapor space of said container to atmosphere to boil said refrigerant and cool said container and tip.
  • venting means comprises a porous member for passage of refrigerant therethrough.
  • venting means comprises a needle actuatable to puncture the second end of said container.
  • venting means comprises a porous member surrounding said needle.
  • venting means comprises a needle actuatable to puncture said diaphragm.
  • valve actuator comprises a plunger supported in said housing.
  • valve comprises an elastomeric diaphragm normally sealing said second end but movable to an open position by said plunger.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
US00288363A 1972-09-12 1972-09-12 Cryosurgical device Expired - Lifetime US3830239A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00288363A US3830239A (en) 1972-09-12 1972-09-12 Cryosurgical device
CA170,587A CA989633A (en) 1972-09-12 1973-05-07 Cryosurgical device
AR247890A AR195527A1 (es) 1972-09-12 1973-05-08 Un dispositivo crioquirurgico integral desechable
BR3349/73A BR7303349D0 (pt) 1972-09-12 1973-05-09 Aparelho crio-cirurgico completo
IT68416/73A IT986655B (it) 1972-09-12 1973-05-16 Strumento criochirurgico
BE131615A BE800146A (fr) 1972-09-12 1973-05-28 Instrument cryochirurgical
LU67705A LU67705A1 (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png) 1972-09-12 1973-05-30
FR7320034A FR2198725B1 (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png) 1972-09-12 1973-06-01
NL7308008A NL7308008A (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png) 1972-09-12 1973-06-08
JP48080778A JPS4965088A (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png) 1972-09-12 1973-07-20
GB3986973A GB1438843A (en) 1972-09-12 1973-08-22 Cryosurgical device
DE2345771A DE2345771C2 (de) 1972-09-12 1973-09-11 Kryochirurgisches Instrument

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00288363A US3830239A (en) 1972-09-12 1972-09-12 Cryosurgical device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3830239A true US3830239A (en) 1974-08-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00288363A Expired - Lifetime US3830239A (en) 1972-09-12 1972-09-12 Cryosurgical device

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3830239A (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)
JP (1) JPS4965088A (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)
AR (1) AR195527A1 (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)
BE (1) BE800146A (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)
BR (1) BR7303349D0 (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)
CA (1) CA989633A (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)
DE (1) DE2345771C2 (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)
FR (1) FR2198725B1 (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)
GB (1) GB1438843A (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)
IT (1) IT986655B (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)
LU (1) LU67705A1 (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)
NL (1) NL7308008A (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png)

Cited By (73)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4602628A (en) * 1985-01-17 1986-07-29 Allen Jr Robert E Cryogenic extractor and filler
US4735063A (en) * 1987-04-13 1988-04-05 Superior Marketing Research Corp. Self-contained cooling device
US5042261A (en) * 1990-01-30 1991-08-27 Cornwell Corporation Tissue freezing process
WO1997049344A1 (en) * 1996-06-24 1997-12-31 Allegheny-Singer Research Institute Method and apparatus for cryosurgery
US6161543A (en) * 1993-02-22 2000-12-19 Epicor, Inc. Methods of epicardial ablation for creating a lesion around the pulmonary veins
US20060030824A1 (en) * 2003-01-17 2006-02-09 Marcel Hunn Temperature-sensitive cannula
US7083620B2 (en) 2002-10-30 2006-08-01 Medtronic, Inc. Electrosurgical hemostat
US7094235B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2006-08-22 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for tissue ablation
US7118566B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2006-10-10 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for needle-less interstitial injection of fluid for ablation of cardiac tissue
US7128740B2 (en) 1996-05-03 2006-10-31 Jacobs Clemens J Method for interrupting conduction paths within the heart
US7156845B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2007-01-02 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for creating a bi-polar virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US7166105B2 (en) 1995-02-22 2007-01-23 Medtronic, Inc. Pen-type electrosurgical instrument
US7169144B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2007-01-30 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US7250048B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2007-07-31 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system and method of use
US7294143B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2007-11-13 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for ablation of cardiac tissue
US7309325B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2007-12-18 Medtronic, Inc. Helical needle apparatus for creating a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US20080015562A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2008-01-17 Medtronic, Inc. Transmural ablation systems and methods
US20080027419A1 (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-31 Ams Research Corporation Cryoprobe with Integral Agent Delivery Device
US7347858B2 (en) 2001-12-11 2008-03-25 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias
US7364578B2 (en) 2002-01-25 2008-04-29 Medtronic, Inc. System and method of performing an electrosurgical procedure
US7367972B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2008-05-06 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system
US20080154254A1 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 Myoscience, Inc. Dermal and Transdermal Cryogenic Microprobe Systems and Methods
US20080200910A1 (en) * 2007-02-16 2008-08-21 Myoscience, Inc. Replaceable and/or Easily Removable Needle Systems for Dermal and Transdermal Cryogenic Remodeling
US20080221561A1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2008-09-11 Jorg Geiger Spray Device for Dispensing a Cooling Fluid
US7435250B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2008-10-14 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for tissue ablation
US7470272B2 (en) 1997-07-18 2008-12-30 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for ablating tissue
US7497857B2 (en) 2003-04-29 2009-03-03 Medtronic, Inc. Endocardial dispersive electrode for use with a monopolar RF ablation pen
US7507235B2 (en) 2001-01-13 2009-03-24 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for organ positioning and stabilization
US7566334B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2009-07-28 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation device with jaws
US20090248001A1 (en) * 2007-11-14 2009-10-01 Myoscience, Inc. Pain management using cryogenic remodeling
US7615015B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2009-11-10 Medtronic, Inc. Focused ultrasound ablation devices having selectively actuatable emitting elements and methods of using the same
US7628780B2 (en) 2001-01-13 2009-12-08 Medtronic, Inc. Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue
US7678108B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-03-16 Medtronic, Inc. Loop ablation apparatus and method
US7706894B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2010-04-27 Medtronic, Inc. Heart wall ablation/mapping catheter and method
US7706882B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2010-04-27 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area
US20100145361A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2010-06-10 Francischelli David E Methods and Devices for Occlusion of an Atrial Appendage
US7740623B2 (en) 2001-01-13 2010-06-22 Medtronic, Inc. Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue
US7744562B2 (en) 2003-01-14 2010-06-29 Medtronics, Inc. Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue
US7758576B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Clamping ablation tool and method
US7758580B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Compound bipolar ablation device and method
US20100198207A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2010-08-05 Myoscience, Inc. Subdermal cryogenic remodeling of muscles, nerves, connective tissue, and/or adipose tissue (fat)
US7818039B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2010-10-19 Medtronic, Inc. Suction stabilized epicardial ablation devices
US7824399B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2010-11-02 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system and method of use
US7967816B2 (en) 2002-01-25 2011-06-28 Medtronic, Inc. Fluid-assisted electrosurgical instrument with shapeable electrode
US8162933B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2012-04-24 Medtronic, Inc. Vibration sensitive ablation device and method
US8221402B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2012-07-17 Medtronic, Inc. Method for guiding a medical device
US8333764B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2012-12-18 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for determining tissue thickness and creating cardiac ablation lesions
US8409219B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2013-04-02 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for placement of electrical lead inside heart
US8512337B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2013-08-20 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias
US8568409B2 (en) 2000-03-06 2013-10-29 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods
US8632533B2 (en) 2009-02-23 2014-01-21 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Fluid-assisted electrosurgical device
US20140026395A1 (en) * 2010-05-28 2014-01-30 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Fluid-assisted electrosurgical devices, and methods of manufacture thereof
US8663245B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2014-03-04 Medtronic, Inc. Device for occlusion of a left atrial appendage
US8801707B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2014-08-12 Medtronic, Inc. Method and devices for treating atrial fibrillation by mass ablation
US8821488B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2014-09-02 Medtronic, Inc. Tissue lesion evaluation
US8906012B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2014-12-09 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Electrosurgical devices with wire electrode
US9017318B2 (en) 2012-01-20 2015-04-28 Myoscience, Inc. Cryogenic probe system and method
US9066712B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2015-06-30 Myoscience, Inc. Integrated cryosurgical system with refrigerant and electrical power source
US9072498B2 (en) 2005-05-20 2015-07-07 Myoscience, Inc. Subdermal cryogenic remodeling of muscles, nerves, connective tissue, and/or adipose tissue (fat)
US9155584B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2015-10-13 Myoscience, Inc. Cryogenic probe filtration system
US9227088B2 (en) 2006-05-25 2016-01-05 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area containing a plurality of lesions
US9241753B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2016-01-26 Myoscience, Inc. Skin protection for subdermal cryogenic remodeling for cosmetic and other treatments
US9295512B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-03-29 Myoscience, Inc. Methods and devices for pain management
US9314290B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2016-04-19 Myoscience, Inc. Cryogenic needle with freeze zone regulation
US9381061B2 (en) 2000-03-06 2016-07-05 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods
CN106361427A (zh) * 2016-09-14 2017-02-01 苏州超等医疗科技有限公司 一种无痛非麻醉性等离子伤口治疗装置
US9610112B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-04-04 Myoscience, Inc. Cryogenic enhancement of joint function, alleviation of joint stiffness and/or alleviation of pain associated with osteoarthritis
US9668800B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-06-06 Myoscience, Inc. Methods and systems for treatment of spasticity
US9974599B2 (en) 2014-08-15 2018-05-22 Medtronic Ps Medical, Inc. Multipurpose electrosurgical device
US10130409B2 (en) 2013-11-05 2018-11-20 Myoscience, Inc. Secure cryosurgical treatment system
US10888366B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-01-12 Pacira Cryotech, Inc. Cryogenic blunt dissection methods and devices
US11134998B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2021-10-05 Pacira Cryotech, Inc. Integrated cold therapy and electrical stimulation systems for locating and treating nerves and associated methods
US11311327B2 (en) 2016-05-13 2022-04-26 Pacira Cryotech, Inc. Methods and systems for locating and treating nerves with cold therapy

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Cited By (136)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4602628A (en) * 1985-01-17 1986-07-29 Allen Jr Robert E Cryogenic extractor and filler
US4735063A (en) * 1987-04-13 1988-04-05 Superior Marketing Research Corp. Self-contained cooling device
US5042261A (en) * 1990-01-30 1991-08-27 Cornwell Corporation Tissue freezing process
US6161543A (en) * 1993-02-22 2000-12-19 Epicor, Inc. Methods of epicardial ablation for creating a lesion around the pulmonary veins
US7422588B2 (en) 1995-02-22 2008-09-09 Medtronic, Inc. Pen-type electrosurgical instrument
US7247155B2 (en) 1995-02-22 2007-07-24 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US9770282B2 (en) 1995-02-22 2017-09-26 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
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FR2198725B1 (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png) 1977-12-30
FR2198725A1 (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png) 1974-04-05
IT986655B (it) 1975-01-30
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BR7303349D0 (pt) 1974-09-24
GB1438843A (en) 1976-06-09
NL7308008A (US08088816-20120103-C00036.png) 1974-03-14
BE800146A (fr) 1973-09-17
CA989633A (en) 1976-05-25
DE2345771C2 (de) 1982-11-04
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DE2345771A1 (de) 1974-03-21

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