US3827502A - Fire-extinguishing apparatus - Google Patents

Fire-extinguishing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3827502A
US3827502A US00246666A US24666672A US3827502A US 3827502 A US3827502 A US 3827502A US 00246666 A US00246666 A US 00246666A US 24666672 A US24666672 A US 24666672A US 3827502 A US3827502 A US 3827502A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
fire
pressure
equipment
extinguisher
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00246666A
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English (en)
Inventor
F Lockwood
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chubb Fire Ltd
Original Assignee
Chubb Fire Security Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chubb Fire Security Ltd filed Critical Chubb Fire Security Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3827502A publication Critical patent/US3827502A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/10—Containers destroyed or opened by flames or heat

Definitions

  • a fire extinguisher comprises a tube of thermoplastic material containing a fire-extinguishing liquid, the tube constituting a continuous detector and a continuous dispenser along the whole of its length.
  • the strength of the tube wall is such that the tube will resist the internal pressure at ordinary temperatures but will burst at a temperature developed by a fire.
  • An extinguisher comprises a closed tube of thermoplastic material containing a fire-extinguishing liquid, the strength of the tube wall being such that the tube will resist the internal pressure at all ordinary ambient temperatures but will burst at a temperature developed by a fire.
  • the strength of the tube wall will depend, for example, on the material used for the tube, its thickness and its curvature in transverse cross-section.
  • the tube is long and flexible so that it can be mounted in a curved or curled configuration to pass over the main points of risk in the apparatus which, in general, are not located in a straight line. If the material of the tube is insufficiently flexible to bend easily in the required configuration it may be preformed.
  • the tube is in effect a combined continuous detector and fire extinguisher, the term continuous being intended to indicate that it is an uninterrupted line detector and also an uninterrupted line dispenser for the extinguishant. It is highly advantageous to have continuous protection and uninterrupted availability of extinguishant along a line, rather than protection and extinguishant at a series of points within the apparatus to be protected.
  • the extinguisher may also comprise a pressure or heat-sensitive isolating device such as a pressure switch or a fuse; the isolating device can be connected to the electronic equipment or engine housed in the casing or compartment so as to stop the operation of the equipment or engine in case of fire.
  • the isolating device may alternatively or additionally raise an alarm when the pressure in the tube falls.
  • a pressure switch closes one end of the tube and is normally held closed by the pressure within the tube but it is biased to open once the pressure falls below a predetermined value.
  • This pressure loss may be due to the bursting of the tube as a consequence of fire or may be due to leakage if the tube is not properly sealed.
  • the equipment or engine is unable to operate when, due to loss of pressure within the extinguisher, it is not properly safeguarded.
  • the tube itself may not contain sufficient extinguishing liquid.
  • the tube may be connected at one end to a reservoir bottle. This arrangement still provides the same advantage of a continuous detector, permanently mounted, and dispensing of the fire extinguishant directly on to the seat of the fire.
  • a tube according to the invention extends close to, and preferably just above, any such known points of risk.
  • the tube should be long enough to extend across all or substantially all the electronic equipment in the cabinet or casing, and it may be looped or curved to come close to any specificpoint of risk.
  • the fireextinguishant is introduced into the tube in a liquid state, and to allow for expansion of it in the tube under normal fluctuations of temperature it is desirable not to fill the tube completely but to allow an ullage space.
  • the tube is transparent or sufficiently translucent to permit verification that it is charged ready for use by visual inspection.
  • a suitable thermoplastic material for the tube is nylon, for example Nylon 6.6. This material is strong at normal ambient temperatures but is weakened sufficiently under fire conditions to release the contents of the tube if these are at about 200 p.s.i. or more.
  • the ends of the tube may be fusion-sealed or ultrasonically welded.
  • the liquid should have so high a vapour pressure at the expected temperature of the fire as to expel the fluid quickly.
  • a suitable fire-extinguishing liquid is bromo chloro difluoro methane, known as B.C.F., which has a b.p. of 4C. At 20C its vapour pressure is 38 p.s.i. (absolute) and at 90C its vapour pressure is 215 p.s.i. Thus, if this liquid is used as the fire extinguishant the tube must be sufficiently strong to withstand 38 p.s.i. and more at all ordinary ambient temperatures but be ruptured by the pressure developed at the expected temperature of the fire.
  • the detector tube should be located at the top of the space to be protected so that on the occurrence of a fire the tube is heated substantially over its whole length; softening and bursting still occur selectively over the hottest part of the apparatus.
  • the detection time of the device can be shortened and the temperature at which it will operate can be reduced by adding to the extinguishant a suitable compatible liquid which has a lower boiling point.
  • a suitable compatible liquid which has a lower boiling point.
  • the mixture within the tube may consist of percent B.C.F. and 20 percent Arcton 12.
  • An alternative extinguishant liquid which may be used is dibromo tetrafluoro ethane, the boiling point of which is 47C and the vapour pressure of which at C is 50 p.s.i. If this or any similar liquid of relatively low vapour pressure is used, it is desirable additionally to introduce a low boiling point liquid, as proposed for B.C.F., or a gas under pressure, preferably an inert gas such as nitrogen, so as to provide an initial pressure which is increased by the rise in vapour pressure of the liquid if fire occurs.
  • a low boiling point liquid as proposed for B.C.F.
  • a gas under pressure preferably an inert gas such as nitrogen
  • FIG. 1 shows an extinguisher suitable for a television set
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an extinguisher suitable for an engine compartment
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show diagrammatically typical arrangements of extinguisher tubes embodying the invention in television sets.
  • FIG. 5 shows a typical arrangement of an extinguisher tube embodying the invention in an engine compartment.
  • an extinguisher 3 consists of a clear flexible tube 4 of plastics material which is filled with a halogenated hydrocarbon of which the vapour pressure increases substantially in the temperature range from room temperature upwards, for example with B.C.F.
  • a tube having a length of 1,520 mm. and an outer diameter of 6.35 mm. may require about 40 grammes of B.C.F., the liquid-level being indicated by the line 5 in FIG. 1.
  • the maximum working temperature is about 60C.
  • one end 6 of the tube is closed by being ultrasonically sealed and at the other end of the tube there is a pressure switch 7 having electrical contacts 8.
  • the pressure within the tube normally acts on the pressure switch to hold the latter open, i.e. to break the circuit between the contacts 8. When the pressure falls the switch closes to complete the electrical connection between the contacts 8 within the switch and, as stated earlier, this may be used to isolate the apparatus from the electrical supply or to raise an alarm.
  • the extinguisher shown in FIG. 2 is intended for apparatus such that a fire outbreak might require more extinguishant than is present in a tubular detector of the kind shown in FIG. 1.
  • a tube 4 similar to that shown in FIG. 1 has one end connected to the outlet of a steel reservoir bottle 9, containing a backing supply of the extinguishant liquid. As before, the tube is made to run over the points of risk in the apparatus to be protected and if a fire breaks out under one portion of the tube this portion will soften and burst.
  • a pressure indicator 10 is arranged on the reservoir bottle 9 in the example shown in the drawing.
  • the end 11 of the continuous detection-dispenser tube 4 may be sealed, as shown in the drawing, or it may complete a ring circuit back to the reservoir.
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically the back of a television set.
  • the main cabinet 15 has a projecting portion 16 housing most of the components associated with the cathode ray tube (not shown) and a further projecting portion 17 to accommodate the end of the cathode ray tube.
  • the extinguisher 3, in the example shown, extends along the top of the space inside the projection 16. In the example shown in FIG. 4, however, the extinguisher 3 is looped around the upper space of the whole of the casing, including the main cabinet 15 and the projecting portion 16.
  • an extinguisher of the kind shown in FIG. 2 consisting of a tube 4 and reservoir 9 is placed in the engine compartment 20 of a small boat 21.
  • Fire extenguishing apparatus including a fire extenguisher comprising a single flexible continuous tube capable of being selectively positioned to conform to a desired shape relative to the thing being protected, said tube having a tube wall of thermoplastic material and containing a fire extinguishing liquid under pressure, one end of the tube being closed and the other end open, and a reservoir of the fire extinguishing liquid having an outlet connected to communicate with the open end of said tube for maintaining said tube filled with said pressurized fire extinguishing liquid, the tube being exposed throughout substantially the entire length thereof, apart from any connecting portion, so as to constitute a continuous detector and distinguisher, the said pressure and the strength of the tube wall being such that the tube will resist the internal pressure at all ordinary ambient temperatures but will burst at any point along the length thereof when said point is subjected to a temperature developed by a fire to thereupon release the contained liquid at that point.
  • a fire extenguisher comprising a single flexible continuous tube capable of being selectively positioned to conform to a desired shape relative
  • a fire extinguisher comprising a single flexible continuous tube capable of being selectively positioned to conform to a desired shape relative to the thing being protected, said tube having a tube wall of thermoplastics material and containing a fire extinguishing liquid under pressure, the tube further having an external surface which is exposed substantially throughout the length thereof and constituting a continuous detector and extinguisher, the said pressure and the strength of the tube wall being such that the tube will resist the pressure of the liquid at all ordinary ambient temperatures but will soften and burst at any point along the length thereof when the said point is subjected to a temperature developed by a fire to thereupon release the contained liquid at that point.
  • a fire extinguisher in accordance with claim 4 additionally including an isolating device for connection to equipment with which the fire extinguisher is housed.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
US00246666A 1971-05-03 1972-04-24 Fire-extinguishing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3827502A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1269871*[A GB1357010A (en) 1971-05-03 1971-05-03 Fire-extinguishing apparatus
GB4347471 1971-09-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3827502A true US3827502A (en) 1974-08-06

Family

ID=26249206

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00246666A Expired - Lifetime US3827502A (en) 1971-05-03 1972-04-24 Fire-extinguishing apparatus

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3827502A (fr)
AU (1) AU462754B2 (fr)
BE (1) BE782957A (fr)
CA (1) CA967072A (fr)
CH (1) CH565675A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE2220989A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2135574B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1357010A (fr)
IT (1) IT952810B (fr)
NL (1) NL7205903A (fr)
SE (1) SE382389B (fr)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3907037A (en) * 1974-08-05 1975-09-23 Textron Inc Disposable fire extinguisher
US4194572A (en) * 1975-05-06 1980-03-25 Compagnie Francaise Des Petroles, S.A. Fire extinguishing apparatus for large oil storage reservoirs
US4274491A (en) * 1978-09-26 1981-06-23 Energy And Minerals Research, Co. Process and apparatus for continuous discharge of material at localized damage point
US4356868A (en) * 1980-07-30 1982-11-02 Ransburg Corporation Fire-extinguishant system
US4367799A (en) * 1978-09-26 1983-01-11 Energy & Minerals Research Co. Apparatus for continuous discharge of material at localized damage point
WO1997034659A1 (fr) * 1996-03-20 1997-09-25 Ceodeux-Fire Extinguisher Valves Technology S.A. Extincteur et soupape d'extincteur appropriee
US5678638A (en) * 1996-07-26 1997-10-21 Baker; Sterling W. Spark and flame suppression system
US5909776A (en) * 1997-04-16 1999-06-08 Powsus Inc. Fire extinguishers
US5954138A (en) * 1996-03-20 1999-09-21 Ceodeux-Fire Extinguisher Valves Technology S.A. Fire extinguisher valve and fire-extinguishing equipment
US6161624A (en) * 1999-11-29 2000-12-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Linear fire extinguisher
WO2005092446A1 (fr) * 2004-03-24 2005-10-06 Altrade Ag Tuyau de rupture pour des systemes d'extinction d'incendie
US6962207B2 (en) * 1997-09-15 2005-11-08 Sundholm Goeran Fire fighting apparatus
WO2006010981A1 (fr) * 2004-07-01 2006-02-02 Enrico Vignati Dispositif d'extinction d'un debut d'incendie, en particulier a l'interieur du logement d'un appareil electrique
US20060243460A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 Geyer James E Jr Fire extinguisher
US20080087446A1 (en) * 2006-10-17 2008-04-17 Ameron Global, Inc. Self-activated fire extinguisher
US20090071664A1 (en) * 2006-10-17 2009-03-19 X-Fire, Llc Self-activated fire extinguisher
US20090165867A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2009-07-02 Luxembourg Patent Company S.A. Gas tank containing a compressed combustible gas
US20100108333A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2010-05-06 Delgado Jr Augusto De Jesus Fire extinguisher with disposable plastic container
WO2013132179A1 (fr) * 2012-03-06 2013-09-12 Renault S.A.S. Dispositif de refroidissement rapide pour véhicule automobile comprenant une pièce munie d'un diffuseur
US20160059056A1 (en) * 2014-08-28 2016-03-03 Firetrace Usa, Llc Methods and Apparatus for Fire Suppressant Panel
US20160074686A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Nichibou Co., Ltd. Fire detection tube used for automatic fire extinguishing device and the automatic fire extinguishing device
US20160193489A1 (en) * 2013-09-27 2016-07-07 Nichibou Co., Ltd. Automatic fire extinguishing equipment
FR3088211A1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-15 Hutchinson Extinction de feu ou limitation de depart de feu
US11534639B2 (en) * 2013-10-30 2022-12-27 Fogmaker International Ab Fire extinguishing system
US11865386B2 (en) * 2016-05-31 2024-01-09 Roman Malovec Automatic fire self-extinguishing device and fire protection method

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK111279A (da) * 1979-03-19 1980-09-20 B P Sperling Selvvirkende trykloes ildslukker
EP0094192B1 (fr) * 1982-05-12 1986-08-27 Chubb Fire Limited Appareil extincteur d'incendie
GB2128084A (en) * 1982-10-02 1984-04-26 Alec Moses Messulam Fire extinguisher
GB2136687B (en) * 1983-03-10 1986-10-29 Frederick Bradley Fire suppressing device
DE3340652C2 (de) * 1983-11-10 1986-11-06 Heinz G. 3017 Pattensen Schulz Feuerlöscheinrichtung
ES2006865A6 (es) * 1987-04-24 1989-05-16 Faini Spa Dispositivo de proteccion contra el incendio de aparatos electricos con partes inflamables.
GB8926849D0 (en) * 1989-11-28 1990-01-17 Melton David L Fire extinguisher
JPH08511103A (ja) * 1993-06-08 1996-11-19 シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト 炉心溶融物の冷却を開始するための閉塞装置
WO1997044874A1 (fr) * 1996-05-22 1997-11-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procede pour combattre le feu dans un passage pour cable ou conduite
GB2349084B (en) * 1999-03-27 2002-09-18 David Laurence Melton A temperature detector
DE102015212032A1 (de) * 2015-06-29 2016-12-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Feuerlöschsystem
DE102017130785A1 (de) 2017-12-20 2019-06-27 Eppendorf Ag Temperierte Zentrifuge

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2585039A (en) * 1949-02-11 1952-02-12 George G Evans Local automatic fire extinguishing system
US2857971A (en) * 1955-05-16 1958-10-28 Ferris Products Co Inc Fire extinguisher
US3245473A (en) * 1963-12-03 1966-04-12 Hita Jose Garcia Fire extinguisher, particularly for motor cars which operates automatically
US3369346A (en) * 1965-09-22 1968-02-20 Rieter Ag Maschf Apparatus and method for detecting combustion products in a pneumatic conveyor
US3486563A (en) * 1968-01-12 1969-12-30 Roger R Cholin Fire extinguishing blanket
US3509942A (en) * 1966-08-15 1970-05-05 John E Lindberg System for detecting structural failure

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2585039A (en) * 1949-02-11 1952-02-12 George G Evans Local automatic fire extinguishing system
US2857971A (en) * 1955-05-16 1958-10-28 Ferris Products Co Inc Fire extinguisher
US3245473A (en) * 1963-12-03 1966-04-12 Hita Jose Garcia Fire extinguisher, particularly for motor cars which operates automatically
US3369346A (en) * 1965-09-22 1968-02-20 Rieter Ag Maschf Apparatus and method for detecting combustion products in a pneumatic conveyor
US3509942A (en) * 1966-08-15 1970-05-05 John E Lindberg System for detecting structural failure
US3486563A (en) * 1968-01-12 1969-12-30 Roger R Cholin Fire extinguishing blanket

Cited By (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3907037A (en) * 1974-08-05 1975-09-23 Textron Inc Disposable fire extinguisher
US4194572A (en) * 1975-05-06 1980-03-25 Compagnie Francaise Des Petroles, S.A. Fire extinguishing apparatus for large oil storage reservoirs
US4274491A (en) * 1978-09-26 1981-06-23 Energy And Minerals Research, Co. Process and apparatus for continuous discharge of material at localized damage point
US4367799A (en) * 1978-09-26 1983-01-11 Energy & Minerals Research Co. Apparatus for continuous discharge of material at localized damage point
US4356868A (en) * 1980-07-30 1982-11-02 Ransburg Corporation Fire-extinguishant system
US5954138A (en) * 1996-03-20 1999-09-21 Ceodeux-Fire Extinguisher Valves Technology S.A. Fire extinguisher valve and fire-extinguishing equipment
WO1997034659A1 (fr) * 1996-03-20 1997-09-25 Ceodeux-Fire Extinguisher Valves Technology S.A. Extincteur et soupape d'extincteur appropriee
US5678638A (en) * 1996-07-26 1997-10-21 Baker; Sterling W. Spark and flame suppression system
US5909776A (en) * 1997-04-16 1999-06-08 Powsus Inc. Fire extinguishers
US6962207B2 (en) * 1997-09-15 2005-11-08 Sundholm Goeran Fire fighting apparatus
US6161624A (en) * 1999-11-29 2000-12-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Linear fire extinguisher
WO2005092446A1 (fr) * 2004-03-24 2005-10-06 Altrade Ag Tuyau de rupture pour des systemes d'extinction d'incendie
DE102004014831B4 (de) * 2004-03-24 2015-02-12 Siemens Schweiz Ag Berstschlauch für Feuerlöschsysteme
WO2006010981A1 (fr) * 2004-07-01 2006-02-02 Enrico Vignati Dispositif d'extinction d'un debut d'incendie, en particulier a l'interieur du logement d'un appareil electrique
US8024849B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2011-09-27 Geyer James E Fire extinguisher
US20060243460A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 Geyer James E Jr Fire extinguisher
US20080222875A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2008-09-18 Geyer James E Fire extinguisher
US20090165867A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2009-07-02 Luxembourg Patent Company S.A. Gas tank containing a compressed combustible gas
US20090071664A1 (en) * 2006-10-17 2009-03-19 X-Fire, Llc Self-activated fire extinguisher
US7841420B2 (en) 2006-10-17 2010-11-30 X-Fire, Llc Self-activated fire extinguisher
US20080087446A1 (en) * 2006-10-17 2008-04-17 Ameron Global, Inc. Self-activated fire extinguisher
US20100108333A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2010-05-06 Delgado Jr Augusto De Jesus Fire extinguisher with disposable plastic container
US9061167B2 (en) * 2007-03-29 2015-06-23 Augusto de Jesus Delgado, JR. Fire extinguisher with disposable plastic container
US9482141B2 (en) 2012-03-06 2016-11-01 Renault S.A.S. Rapid cooling device for a motor vehicle comprising a component fitted with a diffuser
WO2013132179A1 (fr) * 2012-03-06 2013-09-12 Renault S.A.S. Dispositif de refroidissement rapide pour véhicule automobile comprenant une pièce munie d'un diffuseur
FR2987871A1 (fr) * 2012-03-06 2013-09-13 Renault Sa Dispositif de refroidissement rapide pour vehicule automobile comprenant une piece munie d'un diffuseur
EP3050595A4 (fr) * 2013-09-27 2017-07-05 Nichibou Co., Ltd. Extincteur automatique
US20160193489A1 (en) * 2013-09-27 2016-07-07 Nichibou Co., Ltd. Automatic fire extinguishing equipment
US10118059B2 (en) * 2013-09-27 2018-11-06 Nichibou Co., Ltd. Automatic fire extinguishing equipment
US11534639B2 (en) * 2013-10-30 2022-12-27 Fogmaker International Ab Fire extinguishing system
US20160059056A1 (en) * 2014-08-28 2016-03-03 Firetrace Usa, Llc Methods and Apparatus for Fire Suppressant Panel
US20160074686A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Nichibou Co., Ltd. Fire detection tube used for automatic fire extinguishing device and the automatic fire extinguishing device
US9962568B2 (en) * 2014-09-12 2018-05-08 Nichibou Co., Ltd. Fire detection tube used for automatic fire extinguishing device and the automatic fire extinguishing device
US11865386B2 (en) * 2016-05-31 2024-01-09 Roman Malovec Automatic fire self-extinguishing device and fire protection method
FR3088209A1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-15 Hutchinson Extinction de feu ou limitation de depart de feu
FR3088212A1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-15 Hutchinson Extinction de feu ou limitation de depart de feu
WO2020099392A1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-22 Hutchinson Tuyau extincteur pour un compartiment batterie ou un véhicule à moteur
WO2020099394A1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-22 Hutchinson Extinction de feu ou limitation de depart de feu
WO2020099395A1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-22 Hutchinson Extinction de feu ou limitation de depart de feu
WO2020099397A3 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2020-08-06 Hutchinson Extinction de feu ou limitation de depart de feu
WO2020099396A3 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2020-08-27 Hutchinson Extinction de feu ou limitation de depart de feu
FR3088210A1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-15 Hutchinson Extinction de feu ou limitation de depart de feu
FR3088211A1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-15 Hutchinson Extinction de feu ou limitation de depart de feu

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE782957A (fr) 1972-11-03
AU462754B2 (en) 1975-07-03
SE382389B (sv) 1976-02-02
GB1357010A (en) 1974-06-19
DE2220989A1 (de) 1972-12-07
FR2135574A1 (fr) 1972-12-22
NL7205903A (fr) 1972-11-07
CH565675A5 (fr) 1975-08-29
FR2135574B1 (fr) 1973-07-13
CA967072A (en) 1975-05-06
IT952810B (it) 1973-07-30
AU4163772A (en) 1973-12-20

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