US3827247A - Process of complete cryogenic vaporization of liquefied natural gas - Google Patents

Process of complete cryogenic vaporization of liquefied natural gas Download PDF

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Publication number
US3827247A
US3827247A US33057773A US3827247A US 3827247 A US3827247 A US 3827247A US 33057773 A US33057773 A US 33057773A US 3827247 A US3827247 A US 3827247A
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United States
Prior art keywords
natural gas
liquefied natural
vaporized
substance
heat
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Y Kojima
K Akiyoshi
K Kawada
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Resonac Holdings Corp
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Showa Denko KK
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/40—Control of freezing of components

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is to provide a process of complete cryogenic vaporization of liquefied natural gas without freeze-out of higher hydrocarbons therein while utilizing the liquefied natural gas as a cryogen for cryogenic heat-exchange process at a high efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanation view of a device for determining the critical amount of the residual liquefied natural gas at which higher hydrocarbons being to be frozen out therefrom, and;
  • the first cryogenic vaporization of the liquefied natural gas has to be released. If the first cryogenic vaporization is released at an amount of the residual liquefied natural gas higher than a percentage of 8 percentage above the critical percentage, the first cryogenic vaporization results in a very low efficiency of the utilization of the liquefied natural gas as a cryogen for the cryogenic heatexchange process. This is undesirable from the point of view of economy.
  • An entrance end of the path 21b is connected to a conduit 24 for supplying the substance to be cooled, and an exit end of the path 21b is connected to a conduit 25 for discharging the cooled substance therethrough.
  • a second heat-exchanger 26, for preliminarily cooling the substance to be cooled, is provided with a path 26a for the vaporized natural gas and a path 26b for the substance to be cooled.
  • the entrance of the path 26a is connected to an upper portion 22a of the separator 22 through a conduit 27 so as to flow a gas in the upper portion 22a into the path 26a, and the entrance of the path 26b is joined with the conduit 24.
  • the separated residual liquefied natural gas in the separator 22 is introduced into a flow of the first vaporized natural gas in order to vaporize it by a second vaporization step.
  • the first vaporized natural gas has been conditioned at a temperature of -l 10 to -40C, preferably, 1 00 to 50C, and more preferably, -l00 to -C. If the temperature of the conditioned first vaporized natural gas is lower than 1 10C, it is difficult to completely vaporize the residual liquefied natural gas in the second vaporization step.
  • the resultant mixture of the first and second vaporized natural gases has a low merit when used as a cryogen for the cryogenic heat-exchange due to its relatively high temperature.
  • recycled nitrogen gas was introduced into a conduit 32 at a flow rate of 20,000 Nm /hr at room temperature and under a middle pressure, and then compressed to a pressure of 28 atmospheres by the compressor 34.
  • the nitrogen gas thus compressed flowed through the path 28b of the third heatexchanger 28 and was preliminarily first cooled to a temperature of 50C by heat-exchanging with the vaporized natural gas flowing through the path 28a.
  • the nitrogen gas thus first cooled flowed through the path 26b of the second heat-exchanger 26 and was preliminarily second cooled to a temperature of 90C by heat-exchanging with the first vaporized natural gas flowing through the path 26a.
  • the nitrogen gas thus second cooled flowed through the path 21b of the first heat-exchanger 21 and was finally cooled to a temperature of l5lC so as to be liquefied by heat exchanging with the liquefied natural gas flowing through the path 21a.
  • the liquefied nitrogen gas was discharged through the conduit 25 into the receiver (not shown in the drawing).
  • the liquefied natural gas was fed into the first heat-exchanger 21 at a flow rate of 12,750 Nm /hr under normal pressure. While flowing through the path 211a, the liquefied natural gas was first vaporized to a vapor of a temperature of l6lC in a percentage by weight of 98 percent based on the initial weight thereof.
  • the separated first vaporized natural gas flowed through the path 26a of the second heat-exchanger 26 in order to second cool the air flowing through the path 26b. While passing through the path 26a, the first vaporized natural gas was conditioned to a temperature of l00C. The conditioned first vaporized natural gas flowed through the conduit 30 at a flow rate of 4,049 Nm /hr and was mixed with the residual liquefied natural gas ejected through the conduit 35 at a flow rate of 83 Nm lhr. The residual liquefied natural gas thus ejected was vaporized completely by a second vaporization step.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US33057773 1972-02-12 1973-02-08 Process of complete cryogenic vaporization of liquefied natural gas Expired - Lifetime US3827247A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1435472A JPS5014245B2 (nl) 1972-02-12 1972-02-12

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US3827247A true US3827247A (en) 1974-08-06

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US33057773 Expired - Lifetime US3827247A (en) 1972-02-12 1973-02-08 Process of complete cryogenic vaporization of liquefied natural gas

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JP (1) JPS5014245B2 (nl)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4438729A (en) 1980-03-31 1984-03-27 Halliburton Company Flameless nitrogen skid unit
US4519213A (en) * 1983-08-01 1985-05-28 Zwick Energy Research Organization, Inc. Ambient air heated electrically assisted cryogen vaporizer
US4987932A (en) * 1989-10-02 1991-01-29 Pierson Robert M Process and apparatus for rapidly filling a pressure vessel with gas
US5211021A (en) * 1991-02-28 1993-05-18 Pierson Robert M Apparatus for rapidly filling pressure vessels with gas
US5505232A (en) * 1993-10-20 1996-04-09 Cryofuel Systems, Inc. Integrated refueling system for vehicles
WO1996028688A1 (en) * 1995-03-16 1996-09-19 Kværner Maritime A.S Heat exchanger device
US20060260330A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-23 Rosetta Martin J Air vaporizor
WO2007008851A2 (en) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-18 Jens Korsgaard Fluid vaporizer
US20080087041A1 (en) * 2004-09-14 2008-04-17 Denton Robert D Method of Extracting Ethane from Liquefied Natural Gas
US20080115508A1 (en) * 2006-11-03 2008-05-22 Kotzot Heinz J Three-shell cryogenic fluid heater

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5110801A (ja) * 1974-07-16 1976-01-28 Nippon Kokan Kk Ekikatennengasuno kikahoho
JPS58178665U (ja) * 1982-05-25 1983-11-29 東燃石油化学株式会社 液化ガス中の水分測定装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3420068A (en) * 1966-09-13 1969-01-07 Air Liquide Process for the production of a fluid rich in methane from liquefied natural gas under a low initial pressure
US3552134A (en) * 1969-07-22 1971-01-05 Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc Process and apparatus for vaporizing liquefied natural gas

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3420068A (en) * 1966-09-13 1969-01-07 Air Liquide Process for the production of a fluid rich in methane from liquefied natural gas under a low initial pressure
US3552134A (en) * 1969-07-22 1971-01-05 Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc Process and apparatus for vaporizing liquefied natural gas

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5551242A (en) * 1980-03-31 1996-09-03 Halliburton Company Flameless nitrogen skid unit
US4438729A (en) 1980-03-31 1984-03-27 Halliburton Company Flameless nitrogen skid unit
US4519213A (en) * 1983-08-01 1985-05-28 Zwick Energy Research Organization, Inc. Ambient air heated electrically assisted cryogen vaporizer
US4987932A (en) * 1989-10-02 1991-01-29 Pierson Robert M Process and apparatus for rapidly filling a pressure vessel with gas
US5211021A (en) * 1991-02-28 1993-05-18 Pierson Robert M Apparatus for rapidly filling pressure vessels with gas
US5505232A (en) * 1993-10-20 1996-04-09 Cryofuel Systems, Inc. Integrated refueling system for vehicles
WO1996028688A1 (en) * 1995-03-16 1996-09-19 Kværner Maritime A.S Heat exchanger device
US5819542A (en) * 1995-03-16 1998-10-13 Kvaerner Maritime As Heat exchanger device
US20080087041A1 (en) * 2004-09-14 2008-04-17 Denton Robert D Method of Extracting Ethane from Liquefied Natural Gas
US8156758B2 (en) 2004-09-14 2012-04-17 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method of extracting ethane from liquefied natural gas
US20060260330A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-23 Rosetta Martin J Air vaporizor
US20080307799A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2008-12-18 Black & Veatch Corporation Air vaporizor
WO2007008851A3 (en) * 2005-07-13 2007-03-08 Jens Korsgaard Fluid vaporizer
WO2007008851A2 (en) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-18 Jens Korsgaard Fluid vaporizer
US20080115508A1 (en) * 2006-11-03 2008-05-22 Kotzot Heinz J Three-shell cryogenic fluid heater
US8887513B2 (en) * 2006-11-03 2014-11-18 Kellogg Brown & Root Llc Three-shell cryogenic fluid heater

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5014245B2 (nl) 1975-05-26
JPS4884104A (nl) 1973-11-08

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