US3827244A - A form for producing a concrete lining of mine galleries, tunnels, shafts or the like - Google Patents

A form for producing a concrete lining of mine galleries, tunnels, shafts or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3827244A
US3827244A US00316715A US31671572A US3827244A US 3827244 A US3827244 A US 3827244A US 00316715 A US00316715 A US 00316715A US 31671572 A US31671572 A US 31671572A US 3827244 A US3827244 A US 3827244A
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concrete
forming member
thrust member
concrete lining
leading end
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US00316715A
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H Walbrohl
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D5/00—Lining shafts; Linings therefor
    • E21D5/12—Accessories for making shaft linings, e.g. suspended cradles, shutterings

Definitions

  • This inner shuttering is propelled forward by means of hydraulic rams which are supported against retaining members which are clamped securely in the concrete lining at the rear which has already attained the desired strength.
  • the concrete of the lining must, when it leaves the rear end of the inner shuttering, already have reached its desired strength, i.e. it must already be in a position to absorb the external forces which act on the gallery for example from earth pressure, traffic loading, water pressure, etc. This means that the inner lining must either be very long if a rapid rate of concreting progress is desired or can only be shorter if a slower rate of concreting progress and hence a long building time are accepted.
  • a long inner shuttering which permits of a rapid rate of concreting progress does however require quite considerable forward thrust forces for the inner shuttering and can be used only if the gallery extends in a straight line. Where the gallery follows a curved path, only short internal shutterings are in fact possible, and the rate of structural progress is correspondingly slower.
  • the invention is based on the problem of providing a method of and a shuttering from the production of concrete lining in galleries, tunnels, shafts or the like, which permits of a rapid stepwise or also continuous progress of construction in rectilinear or arcuate galleries, shafts or the like, the forces necessary to propel the internal shuttering being relatively small.
  • the shuttering should support the concrete perfectly, the intention being to allow relatively minimal labour costs for the internal supporting of the concrete lining until the desired strength is attained.
  • the method according to the invention envisages applying the loading of a pressurized fluid, preferably a highly viscous pressurised fluid, to the inside of the concrete lining between the place where the concrete has set sufficiently that it is of stable form (green strength) and a place where the concrete has reached its intended strength and can in consequence absorb the external loadings, such as for example earth pressure.
  • a pressurized fluid preferably a highly viscous pressurised fluid
  • the method according to the invention proposes to apply to the inside of the concrete the loading of a pressurised fluid between the place where the concrete lining has reached its green strength and the place where the concrete has reached its desired strength which is sufficient to accommodate external loadings, those external forces which cannot as yet be accommodated by the concrete being borne by the said pressurised fluid.
  • This fluid could be a pressurised gas but it is expedient however for it to be a high viscosity pressurised fluid with which on the one hand the sealing problems are reduced and, on the other, the fluid may be of such a type that it not only extracts no water from the concrete but may even furnish it with water or any other additives which pass into the concrete from the pressurised fluid.
  • the problems posed are resolved in that the inner shuttering consists of a rigid forming member at the leading end which extends in the longitudinal direction from the point of introduction of the concrete as far as that place where the concrete has set to the state of formstability, and in thatthe inner shuttering furthermore consists of a thrust member connected tightly and traction-resistantly to the forming member, the thrust member being flexible like a hose or an articulated pipe and having a fluid-tight, compression-resistant outer skin located at a distance from the inside face of the concrete lining, and at the rear end, a seal closing the intermediate space between the outer skin and the inside face of the concrete lining, the intermediate space between the outer skin of the thrust member and the inside face of the concrete lining being filled with a fluid which is subject to over-pressure, preferably a highly viscous pressurised fluid.
  • the length of the forming member need be only relatively small, being just sufficient to allow the concrete to set to a form-stable condition (green strength), without being able to absorb any external loads.
  • the pressurised fluid applies a loading to the inside face of the concrete lining, so that the external forces acting on the concrete are accommodated by the pressurised fluid and are transmitted by this to the thrust member, the pressurised fluid serving at the same time as a lubricant" for the thrust member which, as concreting proceeds, is towed behind the forming member without any noteworthy friction.
  • the shuttering according to the invention can be drawn forwards by means of drives, for example hydraulic rams, which are attached to a supporting frame in the driving zone of the gallery.
  • the thrust member consists of a plurality of tightly and traction-resistantly but articulatingly connected links which are in themselves rigid.
  • the outer skin of the thrust member or of its links consists preferably of an elastic expediently reinforced skin of rubber or the like, on the inside of which are fixed longitudinally extending stiffening supports which are disposed at an interval from one another and which are in turn mounted on rigid transverse frames.
  • spaced sliding members for central guiding of the thrust member in the concrete lining.
  • These spaced sliding members may for example be inflatable annular hoses which then, if a leak forms, can be used as an emergency seal for the pressurised liquid.
  • the seal at the rear end of the thrust member is preferably an inflatable annular hose.
  • an inflatable annular hose can also be disposed on an inner supporting surface between the links which form the thrust member.
  • the forming member particularly for continuous forward feeding of the forming member, expediently has a frustoconical form with a larger cross-sectional area on its front end, the distance between the forming member and the external profile of the hole or of the external shuttering at that location being equal to the desired thickness of the concrete lining when this lining has reached its green strength condition.
  • the forming member may have at least one wedgeshaped wall portion which widens towards the front end and which can, in order to vary the diameter of the forming member, be extensible and retractable in a longitudinal direction by means of a force drive, e.g. a hydraulic ram, so that after breaks in the concreting work, in order to separate the forming member from the inside face of the concrete lining, this can be briefly retracted, i.e., its diameter can be reduced.
  • a force drive e.g. a hydraulic ram
  • a pressurised fluid pump which maintains the pressurised fluid in the intermediate space between the thrust member and the concrete lining at a constant pressure and which may if necessary continuously add further pressurised fluid, is provided, so that if pressurised fluid escapes for any reason, this pump constantly maintains the necessary internal pressure in the pressurised fluid.
  • the end shuttering may consist of an endless l-profile in which two inflatable hoses are concentrically located, of which one bears against the cross-section of the hole while the other bears against the outside face of the forming member, while the I-profile constitutes the connection between these two hoses.
  • lockable support arms which are mountd to pivot outwardly may be mounted on the forming member.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic londitudinal section through a shuttering according to the invention, in the case of a concrete lining being produced in a tunnel;
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged partial cross-section through an embodiment of the outer skin of the thrust member
  • FIG. 3 is a partial longitudinal section through the joint between two adjacent portions of the thrust member in an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial longitudinal section through a further alternative shuttering according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial longitudinal section through an embodiment of end shuttering of the forming member
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic longitudinal section through the forming member in a preferred form of embodiment thereof.
  • FIG. 1 shows the cross-section of a gallery hole 10.
  • this gallery is being produced by the cutter tunnelling method, the tunnelling cutter 11 with its reinforcing ribs 12 being partly indicated at the left-hand end of FIG. 1.
  • the cutter tails 13, which have no reinforcing ribs 12, project into the region of the concrete lining 16.
  • the tunnelling cutters 11 are stiffened by means of supporting frames 14 which are connected to one another by longitudinal struts 15.
  • the inner shuttering according to the invention consists essentially of two parts, namely the forming member 20 and the thrust member which is generally designated by reference numeral 30.
  • the forming member 20 is a rigid tube, the outer profile of which corresponds to the inside cross-sectional profile of the tunnel which is to be made, it being preferably envisaged that this forming member 20 be of frustoconical shape, i.e., be at its leading end 21 larger in diameter than it is at its rear end 22.
  • the difference in diameters between the two ends 21 and 22 is relatively small, amounting to only a few centimetres.
  • the outside diameter of the forming member 20 is then at that place identical to the desired inside cross-section of the gallery where the concrete has reached what is described as its green strength condition, i.e., where the concrete has set sufficiently that it is indeed stable in form but still cannot accommodate external loads.
  • consoles 23 On the inside face of the forming member 20, at three places at least which are at equal distances from one another, there are consoles 23 on which tie rods 24 are articulatingly mounted, being connected to the piston rods of hydraulic rams 25, the cylinders of which are in turn secured by tie rods 26 to the last supporting frame 24 of the tunnelling cutters 11.
  • These hydraulic rams 25 serve to pull the shuttering which consists of the forming member 20 and the thrust member 30 forwards stepwise or continuously with the progress of the concreting work.
  • the forming member 20 has an inwardly projecting annular web 27, on the inner edge of which there is in turn secured a ring 28, the outside diameter of which is smaller than the outside diameter of the forming member 20.
  • This ring 28 may be strengthened by a rigid supporting frame 29.
  • the thrust member 30 may be constructed as a flexible fluidtight compression resistant hose but according to the preferred'form of embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the thrust member 30 consists of a plurality of elements 31 which in themselves are rigid and stiff and are articulatingly connected to one another.
  • Each of the elements 31 has an outer skin 32 which consists of an elastic fluid-tight annular band consisting for example of a reinforced rubber, such as is used for conveyor belts.
  • outer skin 32 Disposed at intervals alongside one another on the inside face of the outer skin 32 (see particularly FIG. 2), there are longitudinally extending strengthening ribs 33, made perhaps from structural steel, the distance between the ribs being so great that the outer skin 32 can be shaped according to the inside profile of the concrete lining 16 without the strengthening ribs 33 abutting one another.
  • the reinforcing ribs therefore stiffen the outer skin 32 and are themselves in turn mounted on supporting frames 29 which consist of a marginal or annular carrier 29 which if necessary also has stiffenings.
  • the reinforcing ribs 33 and the annular carriers 29' are so dimensioned that they can easily ac commodate the thrust of the pressurised fluid on the outside of the relevant element 31.
  • the outside diameter of the outer skin 32 of the elements 31 is smaller than the inside diameter of the concrete lining 16, so that between the two there is all round a gap 34 which is filled with a fluid which is pressurised.
  • This fluid is preferably a highly viscous liquid, for example bentonite, although naturally it is also possible to use gases as the pressurised medium. If gases and low viscosity liquids are used, however, sealing problems occur.
  • sealing rings 35 which are in themselves elastic and which are attached in sealing-tight manner to the adjacent elements 31.
  • tension strips between the elements 31 or the sealing ring 35 is provided with appropriate traction inlays, for example steel inlays.
  • the rear end of the thrust member 30 is provided with a seal 37 which closes off the gap 34 at the back.
  • This seal 37 consists of an abrasion-resistant strip which is pressed against the inside face of the concrete lining 16 by means of a hose 39 which can be inflated by a pressurised medium and which is supported on the inside against a thrust member 38, in order to prevent the pressurised medium emerging at the rear end of the thrust member 30.
  • venting and pressure limiting valve 40 through which, when construction commences, the air can be let out from the intermediate space 34, and which can if necessary also act as a pressure relief valve should the pressure in the intermediate space 34 become too high.
  • the pressurised medium is introduced through pipes or hoses 41 into the intermediate space 34, these hoses
  • the manner in which the shuttering according to the invention functions will be readily obvious from the above description of its component parts.
  • the concrete is introduced and by the time it reaches the rear end 22 of the forming member, the concrete will have reached its green strength condition. If the forming member 20 is of frustoconical construction, the pressurised medium can still apply pressure against the inside face of the concrete lining 16 at the rear part of the forming member 20.
  • the pressurised medium exerts on the inside face of the concrete lining 16 such a pressure that all externally acting forces are removed and the concrete can therefore achieve its desired strength without hindrance.
  • the thrust member 30 is pulled along behind the forming member 20 without any labour being required in this zone.
  • the pressurised fluid can also have any necessary additives incorporated in it which can act on the concrete as :it hardens in order to seal it, smooth it or suchlike according to requirements.
  • annular hose 45 which can be inflated by a pressurised medium on an inner thrust plate 46 so that when the annular hose 45 is inflated, it deforms the sealing ring 35', pressing it against the inside face of the concrete lining 16 and in consequence seals off that part of the gap 34 which is located to the left of the annular hose 45.
  • spacing members to be constructed as inflatable annular hoses 36' which, when a leak occurs, seals off the gap 34 by inflating the hoses36' through a pipe 47 fitted with a valve 48, so that they are pressed against the inside face of the concrete lining 16.
  • FIG. 5 diagrammatically shows a preferred form of embodiment of the end shuttering 50 at the leading end 21 of the forming member 20.
  • This end shuttering can consist of a single annular hose inflatable by a pressurised medium, but in the case of the example of embodiment shown in FIG. 5, two concentrical inflatable annular hoses, 49, 49', are so disposed between two webs 51, 52, that the outer annular hose 49 presses against the cross-section 10 of the hole, whereas the inner annular hose 49' presses against the outside face of the forming member 20, the intermediate space being sealed by the webs 51, 52.
  • This end shuttering 50 is supported by support arms 57 which are mounted to pivot about pivot pins 58 on consoles 59 which are disposed on the inside face of the forming member 20.
  • a locking means not shown maintains the support arms 57 in the supporting position shown in FIG. 5.
  • This detachment of the forming member 20 from the concrete lining 16 can however also be achieved by (see FIG. inflating the annular hoses 49, 49' particularly hard for a short time. In consequence, the widening of the annular hoses 49, 49' causes the forming member 20 to be pressed away from the inside face of the concrete lining, from which it therefore becomes separated.
  • a form for producing a concrete lining in mine galleries, tunnels or the like that form being adapted to be pulled lengthwise and comprising, in combination, a rigid tubular forming member having an outer surface spaced from an inner surface of the mine gallery according to the thickness of the concrete lining to be produced and having a leading end at which concrete is introduced between said inner and said outer surface, and a trailing end, and a length sufficient so that the concrete introduced at the leading end has set sufficiently to form stability as it reaches said trailing end; a tubular flexible compression resistant thrust member fluid-tightly and traction-resistantly connected at one end to said trailing end of said forming member, said flexible thrust member having an outer surface radially inwardly spaced from the inner surface of the concrete lining so as to form an annular space with said inner surface; a seal at the other end of said thrust member for closing said annular space at said other end of said thrust member; and means communicating with said annular space for filling the latter with a pressurized fluid, the overall length of said form being such that
  • tubular thrust member comprises a plurality of rigid elongated members arranged closely adjacent each other and articulatedly connected to each other.
  • tubular thrust member comprises an elastic outer skin, a plurality of longitudinally extending stiffening members secured circumferentially spaced from each other to the inner surface of said outer skin, and a plurality of longitudinally spaced rigid frames extending transversely through said tubular thrust member and supporting said stiffening members.
  • said spacing members comprise a plurality of inflatable annular hoses.
  • stiffening members are arranged in longitudinally spaced groups and including an inflatable hose sandwiched between said groups and connected to said outer skin.
  • a form as defined in claim 1, wherein said forming member is of frustoconical shape having a larger cross-sectional area at its leading end.
  • said moving means comprises a hydraulic ram connected to said wedge-shaped wall portion.
  • a form as defined in claim 1, wherein said means for filling said annular space with a pressurized fluid comprises pump means constructed for maintaining a constant pressure in said annular space.
  • a form as defined in claim 16 and including lockable means for pivotally supporting said profile and said hoses supported thereon,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
US00316715A 1971-12-22 1972-12-20 A form for producing a concrete lining of mine galleries, tunnels, shafts or the like Expired - Lifetime US3827244A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2163740A DE2163740C2 (de) 1971-12-22 1971-12-22 Verfahren und Schalung zum Her stellen der Betonauskleidung von Stol len, Tunneln, Schachten od dgl

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US (1) US3827244A (it)
JP (1) JPS518496B2 (it)
AT (1) AT324400B (it)
BE (1) BE792501A (it)
CH (1) CH558452A (it)
DE (1) DE2163740C2 (it)
ES (1) ES409909A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2164585B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1404359A (it)
IT (1) IT972817B (it)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003211A (en) * 1974-12-19 1977-01-18 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Methods and apparatus for constructing tunnels
US4139989A (en) * 1976-07-29 1979-02-20 Edmund Nuttall Limited Seals for tunnelling shields
US4652174A (en) * 1984-02-07 1987-03-24 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Method of forming underground ducts, conduits and the like
US4687374A (en) * 1985-03-13 1987-08-18 Hochtief Aktiengesellschaft Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann Method of and apparatus for concrete tunnel lining
FR2601999A1 (fr) * 1986-07-25 1988-01-29 Tekken Constr Co Procede pour realiser une paroi de revetement sur la surface peripherique d'un tunnel et structure de coffrage pour mettre en oeuvre ce procede
US4789267A (en) * 1985-03-13 1988-12-06 Hochtief Aktiengesellschaft Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann Method of and apparatus for concrete tunnel lining
US4895480A (en) * 1987-09-11 1990-01-23 Signode Corporation Method and apparatus for formation of a tunnel lining
RU2514338C1 (ru) * 2012-09-13 2014-04-27 Александр Александрович Кисель Способ укладки бетона за тюбинговую обделку вертикальной выработки и комплекс оборудования для осуществления способа
CN114526078A (zh) * 2022-04-25 2022-05-24 北京市第三建筑工程有限公司 一种流水线式竖井内壁浇筑方法
US11512591B2 (en) * 2018-11-14 2022-11-29 Redpath Deilmann Gmbh Shuttering with supporting ring having expendable drawers

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54121991A (en) * 1978-03-16 1979-09-21 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Connection of communication cable with high tensile strength
DE3043312C2 (de) * 1980-11-17 1986-10-09 Heinz-Theo Dipl.-Ing. 5300 Bonn Walbröhl Gleitschalung zum Einbringen einer Ortbetonauskleidung sowie Verfahren zum Einbringen von Ortbeton im Stollen- und Tunnelbau
FR2582718B1 (fr) * 1985-05-28 1987-08-28 Francois Entreprises Cie Paroi de coffrage et de blindage
GB2291099B (en) * 1994-07-02 1997-12-17 George Henry Slade Tunnel lining
US8472581B2 (en) 2008-11-17 2013-06-25 Nuscale Power, Llc Reactor vessel reflector with integrated flow-through
CN108930542B (zh) * 2018-09-05 2023-06-02 山东科技大学 一种轻型高强复合碳纤维约束混凝土拱架及施工方法
CN113339021B (zh) * 2021-05-31 2022-11-04 中铁工程服务有限公司 一种山岭隧道二衬钢筋精准装配成套设备

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE388285C (de) * 1921-04-03 1924-01-17 August Wolfsholz Verfahren zum Auskleiden von Bauwerken mit Beton
US1796752A (en) * 1928-08-31 1931-03-17 Goodrich Chauncey Marsh Tunnel shield
US3509725A (en) * 1968-08-12 1970-05-05 Harry Schnabel Jr Method and structure for reinforcing tunnels

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3350889A (en) * 1964-04-15 1967-11-07 Sturm Karl Apparatus for driving and lining tunnels in unstable soil

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE388285C (de) * 1921-04-03 1924-01-17 August Wolfsholz Verfahren zum Auskleiden von Bauwerken mit Beton
US1796752A (en) * 1928-08-31 1931-03-17 Goodrich Chauncey Marsh Tunnel shield
US3509725A (en) * 1968-08-12 1970-05-05 Harry Schnabel Jr Method and structure for reinforcing tunnels

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003211A (en) * 1974-12-19 1977-01-18 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Methods and apparatus for constructing tunnels
US4139989A (en) * 1976-07-29 1979-02-20 Edmund Nuttall Limited Seals for tunnelling shields
US4652174A (en) * 1984-02-07 1987-03-24 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Method of forming underground ducts, conduits and the like
US4687374A (en) * 1985-03-13 1987-08-18 Hochtief Aktiengesellschaft Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann Method of and apparatus for concrete tunnel lining
US4789267A (en) * 1985-03-13 1988-12-06 Hochtief Aktiengesellschaft Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann Method of and apparatus for concrete tunnel lining
FR2601999A1 (fr) * 1986-07-25 1988-01-29 Tekken Constr Co Procede pour realiser une paroi de revetement sur la surface peripherique d'un tunnel et structure de coffrage pour mettre en oeuvre ce procede
US4895480A (en) * 1987-09-11 1990-01-23 Signode Corporation Method and apparatus for formation of a tunnel lining
RU2514338C1 (ru) * 2012-09-13 2014-04-27 Александр Александрович Кисель Способ укладки бетона за тюбинговую обделку вертикальной выработки и комплекс оборудования для осуществления способа
US11512591B2 (en) * 2018-11-14 2022-11-29 Redpath Deilmann Gmbh Shuttering with supporting ring having expendable drawers
CN114526078A (zh) * 2022-04-25 2022-05-24 北京市第三建筑工程有限公司 一种流水线式竖井内壁浇筑方法
CN114526078B (zh) * 2022-04-25 2022-08-02 北京市第三建筑工程有限公司 一种流水线式竖井内壁浇筑方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT324400B (de) 1975-08-25
ES409909A1 (es) 1975-11-16
FR2164585B1 (it) 1974-10-25
CH558452A (it) 1975-01-31
JPS4871040A (it) 1973-09-26
JPS518496B2 (it) 1976-03-17
DE2163740A1 (it) 1973-05-10
DE2163740B1 (de) 1973-05-10
IT972817B (it) 1974-05-31
DE2163740C2 (de) 1973-11-29
BE792501A (fr) 1973-03-30
FR2164585A1 (it) 1973-08-03
GB1404359A (en) 1975-08-28

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