US3825194A - Apparatus for preparing airfelt - Google Patents

Apparatus for preparing airfelt Download PDF

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Publication number
US3825194A
US3825194A US00182795A US18279571A US3825194A US 3825194 A US3825194 A US 3825194A US 00182795 A US00182795 A US 00182795A US 18279571 A US18279571 A US 18279571A US 3825194 A US3825194 A US 3825194A
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United States
Prior art keywords
teeth
disintegrating
disintegrator
disintegrating element
angle
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00182795A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Buell
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE789033D priority Critical patent/BE789033A/xx
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Priority to US00182795A priority patent/US3825194A/en
Priority to AU46591/72A priority patent/AU465386B2/en
Priority to ES406758A priority patent/ES406758A1/es
Priority to DE2245819A priority patent/DE2245819C2/de
Priority to IE1273/72A priority patent/IE37094B1/xx
Priority to NO3357/72A priority patent/NO140385C/no
Priority to SE7212129A priority patent/SE394298B/xx
Priority to CA152,156A priority patent/CA969322A/en
Priority to CH1372072A priority patent/CH550865A/xx
Priority to FI2605/72A priority patent/FI54512C/fi
Priority to AT814272A priority patent/AT329371B/de
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7212809,A priority patent/NL171542C/xx
Priority to IT29488/72A priority patent/IT967712B/it
Priority to FR7233553A priority patent/FR2158824A5/fr
Priority to JP9563072A priority patent/JPS5329753B2/ja
Priority to GB4401772A priority patent/GB1397297A/en
Priority to DK471172A priority patent/DK133019C/da
Priority to US372728A priority patent/US3863296A/en
Priority to US00372729A priority patent/US3824652A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3825194A publication Critical patent/US3825194A/en
Priority to CA205,530A priority patent/CA977924A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
    • D21B1/06—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods
    • D21B1/066—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods the raw material being pulp sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/148—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers specially adapted for disintegrating plastics, e.g. cinematographic films
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G1/00—Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling
    • D01G1/06—Converting tows to slivers or yarns, e.g. in direct spinning
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the art of disintegrating fibrous sheet material and using the disintegrated material to form an airfelt. More particularly, it relates to apparatus whereby a dried cellulosic fibrous sheet is impacted under predetermined operating conditions to cause progressive disintegration of the sheet into individual fibers and thereafter distributing said fibers onto a formaminous support to produce an airfelt.
  • the present invention differs from the apparatus and process of U.S. Pat. No. 3,519,211, in one aspect, by providing an air control system which keeps individual fibersdistributed in a minimum amount of air to minimize the problem of separating the fibers from the associated air.
  • This invention also' comprises an improved design and arrangement of impacting elements and the provision of means to prevent the buildup of fibers in the inlet of the disintegrator.
  • a further aspect of the present invention involves control of the fiber density across the disintegrator discharge outlet so as to pro Jerusalem an airfelt which varies in basis weight across its width in a predetermined manner.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide apparatus which will disintegrate fibrous sheet material into its component fibers and thereafter, with a minimum time lag, use said fibers to form an airfelt.
  • a casing for said disintegrating element comprising a support element for said'fibrous-material to continuously hold said fibrous material while it is being fed into a position where said disintegrating element can impact the fibrous material to separate said material into its individual fibers, the distance between said disintegrating element and said support element being from about 0.010 to about 0.080, preferably from about 0.025 in.
  • said casing defining, in-cooperation with i said disintegrating element, a restricted air flow channel to keep the current of air and entrapped individual fibers, which results from rotating said disintegrating element to disintegrate said fibrous material, within a minimal cross-sectional area, said casing having a primary discharge outlet for the air and fiber current, said discharge outlet being tangentially directed with respect to said disintegrating element, said casing having an air inlet immediately adjacent the said primary discharge outlet and between said primary discharge outlet and the point where the fibrous material is impacted, said casing having secondary air inlets in the casing across the width of said primary discharge outlet; and said casing having vacuum air outlets in said support element about 1 inch to about 4 inches from the point where the disintegrating element impacts said fibrous material; and
  • a moving formaminous support element across the opening of said discharge outlet adapted to collect the individual fibers to form an airfelt while permitting the air to escape through said foraminous support ele ment, said foraminous support element being at a distance from the center of said disintegrating element of from about three-fourths to about 2 diameters of said disintegrating element but'no further than about 3 feet.
  • the present invention comprises a process of disintegrating dried cellulosic fibrous sheet material in a process comprising.
  • FIG. I is a vertical cross sectional view of one embodiment of the disintegration and airfelt forming apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary side elevational view of an individual rotor
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of a surface development of the periphery of the axial rotary cylindrical disintegrating element rotatable about its cylindrical axis schematically showing, in flattened form, the tooth tip array;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary elevational view of the discharge outlet portion of the casing as viewed along line 44 of FIG. 1, showing a series of air inlet ports;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the discharge outlet taken along line 55 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of an airfelt product having a transversely varying basis weight
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the discharge outlet taken along the line 7-7 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the vacuum ports taken along the line 8-8 of FIG. 1.
  • This invention is particularly useful in disintegrating comminution grade wood pulp in dry lap form of the kind found in commerce.
  • dry lap sheets typically have a basis weight, air-dried, of between about 100 and about 200 lbs. per thousand square feet and generally have a caliper of at least about 0.04 in. or greater.
  • a dry lap sheet of this type usually has a moisture content of about 6 percent.
  • sheets having lower moisture contents can be used in connection with the present invention and, in fact, those having moisture contents of about 1 percent have been found to produce excellent results. Sheets having moisture contents higher than about 10 percent can be used, but these must be disintegrated at lower rates, or they will be incompletely disintegrated.
  • dried cellulosic fibrous sheet describes any type of fibrous sheet material capable of disintegration by the process of this invention.
  • a dry lap sheet will be understood to mean a wood-fiber material of the above-described characteristics to which the invention is preferably applied.
  • a roll 11 of dry lap material is unrolled into a sheet 12 which is advanced to the disintegrator 13.
  • the sheet 12 is fed radially into the disintegrator 13 by a pair of counter-rotating metering infeed rolls l4 and 15 which are mounted on the infeed side of the disintegrator 13.
  • a motive power source which may typically be an electric motor, but which preferably is tied to the speed of the subsequent converting lines main drive to provide exact basis weight control.
  • This motive power source is connected to the infeed rolls 14, 15 in a conventional manner (not shown) to provide a driving force.
  • the disintegrator 13 comprises a casing 16 having a generally cylindrical bore 17.
  • a shaft 18 is journaled in the closed ends of the casing 16 such that one end of shaft 18 extends outside the casing 16 to permit coupling the shaft in a conventional manner to a motive source such as an electric motor.
  • the motor continuously drives the shaft 18 in a counter-clockwise direction, as shown.
  • the casing 16 comprises an inlet portion 19 which is slotted to provide an inlet opening having an inner end 19a.
  • the inlet opening receives the dry lap sheet 12 and guides it to the inner end 19a which defines a sheet support element or edge portion whereat the dry lap sheet 12 is disintegrated.
  • the inlet opening is essentially the same size as the sheet 12 with a clearance of from about 0.040 to about 0.200 inch, preferably from about 0.80 to about 0.125 inch, larger clearances being desirable along the edges to permit using slightly damaged sheet 12.
  • a relatively large tangential discharge outlet 20 is provided in the casing 16 at a point of from about 5 to about 270 from the inlet portion 19 in the direction of rotation of shaft 18.
  • the drawing shows, in solid lines an approximate 180 separation between the inlet portion 19 and the discharge outlet 20 and, in phantom lines, an inlet portion 19' providing an approximate 5 separation to the discharge outlet 20 and an inlet portion 19" providing an approximately 270 separation to the discharge outlet 20.
  • the angle referred to is the angle of separation, i.e., the angle subtended on the surface of the casing between the slot in the inlet portion and the edge of the discharge outlet and not the angle between the axis of the inlet and discharge openings.
  • the discharge outlet 20 is sufficiently far from the inlet opening 19 to permit the fibers to be completely disintegrated before discharge.
  • the discharge outlet 20 in cross-section, has a width approximately equal to the length of cylindrical bore 17 and a depth of from about 2 inches to about 4 inches, preferably 3 inches.
  • Air inlet openings 21 are provided near the discharge outlet 20 to permit air to be forced into the casing 16 at a slight positive pressure from a suitable blower (not shown) or the like, for the purpose of preventing the recycling of the fibers through the disintegrator 13 and for other purposes disclosed hereinafter.
  • the air inlet opening 21 can be one or more slots from about one-fourth inch to about 1 inch wide running the entire width of the casing 16 near the tangential discharge outlet 20. Under a pressure of about 2 to about 10 inches of water, the inlet openings can admit air at a velocity of about 6,000 to about 13,000, preferably 8,000 feet per minute.
  • additional air inlets 22 are provided for the purpose of adjusting the air flow in the discharge outlet 20.
  • the air inlets 22 are arranged in a straight line across the discharge outlet 20 near the tangential discharge point. In FIG. 4, only a few of the inlets 22 are shown, but it is understood that additional inlets 22 are provided at the indicated points.
  • the inlets 22 are each controlled by valve means (not shown), for example, cap and seat valves such as those used on piccolos and are of a size to deliver air at a velocity of from about 6,000 to about l3,000, preferably 8,000 fpm under 2 to 10 inches of water pressure.
  • Rotors 23 are keyed to the shaft 18 in juxtaposed relation, each being provided with a plurality of teeth 24 extending outwardly such that their tips 25 are adapted to serve as impacting elements.
  • rotor refers to thin rotor discs having widths of from about 0.030 to about 0.125 inch.
  • a small clearance of from about 0.023 in. to about 0.035 in. is preferably provided between the tips 25 and the inner end 19a of the inlet opening in the inlet portion 19 which forms a sheet support for the sheet 12, as disclosed in the copending application of George Morgan entitled DIS- INTEGRATION PROCESS FOR FIBROUS SHEET MATERIAL," now US. Pat. No. 3,750,962 and incorporated herein by reference.
  • Larger and smaller clearances of from about 0.010 to about 0.080 in. can be used, depending upon the operating rates, provision of cooling means, etc.
  • Each rotor 23 desirably bears from about six to about 18 teeth 24, preferably about eight teeth 24, equally spaced about its periphery with theirtips 25 located at like distances from the rotor 23 axis.
  • the impact face 26 of each tooth 24 is formed at the angle a with the radius of the rotor 23 which passesthrough the tooth tip 25.
  • the top 28 of the tooth 24 is formed ata relief angle B, i.e., the angle defined by the top 28 of the tooth 24 and a tangent to the rotor 23 passing through the tooth tip 25.
  • the angle a can vary from about to about 40 and the angle [3 varies from about to about 60. Angle a is the more critical of the two angles.
  • Angle B is important because if the top of the tooth 28 is tangential to the rotor 23, or isinclined outward, a splinter-like mass of glassined cellulose will be formed along the top of the tooth 28 during operation which will then break off and be discharged along with the individual fibers out the discharge outlet 20.
  • the individual rotors 23 are relatively thin, typically being from about 0.030 to about 0.125 in. in width. Accordingly, it is desirable to have blunt projections 29 which will help suppot the teeth 24 of adjacent rotors 23 when, as is preferred, the rotors 23 are bolted together to form said disintegrating element 26.
  • a series of holes 30 is provided in each rotor 23.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of a surface development of the periphery of disintegrating element 26, showing in flattened form the locations of tooth tips of the rotors 23, as they are preferably connected. It can be seen that the tooth tips 25 are arranged in a staggered pattern so that individ- V ual tips 25 are not close together.
  • tooth tips 25 1W2 inch diameter blank having a thickness of about 0.065 inch the dimensions and angles shown are as fol lows: Angle a is 2230; angle ,8 is 29"; the teeth tops 28 are about 0.38 wide in the plane of rotation; and the tip 25 is rounded to a 0.030 radius; the radius to the tip of the small support projections is about 5.38 inches and to the tip 25 of teeth 24 is about 5.75 inches; and
  • Applicant has found that a reasonable approximation of random distribution can be achieved by arranging the teeth tips 25 in 'a multiple helical pattern in which there are a plurality of patterns of teeth 24 on a plurality of portions of the circumference of said disintegrating element, each portion covering the entire width of said disintegrating element and each portion being paired with a corresponding adjacent portion which is substantially a mirror image of the first portion, each portion covering from about 30 to about 45 of the circumference of the disintegrating element, the helical patterns having helical angles of from about 10 to about 35, and each tooth 24 being arranged so that the nearest teeth 24in all directions are at approximately equal distances.
  • the mirror image portion is offset slightly from what would be the exact mirror image position.
  • Rows 1-5 comprise a Set X (i.e., a first portion bearing a helical pattern) in which succeeding rows of tips 25 are offset at a helical angle of from about 10 to about 35 from the preceding teeth tips 25, i.e.,-angle y varies from about 10 to about 35.
  • Rows 6-10 comprise Set Y (i.e., a-second adjacent portion bearing a helical pattern which is an approximate mirror image of the pattern in the first portion, offset slightly). It will be noted that row 6 is offset slightly from the position that it would have had had it been a continuation of Set X.
  • Row 6 is the start of Set Y in which the helical angle of offset 7' for each succeeding row 7-10 is the same as the helical angle of offset 7/ for Set X but opposite in direction. Then a new row 1 starts a new Set X which is identical to said first Set X but displaced around the periphery of said disintegrating element 26 by ten rows of teeth tips 25. Sets of rows of different sizes from two to about ten rows can be used with essentially equivalent results in that lateral fiber density migration is minimized.
  • the size of the sets is a function v of the number of teeth 24 on each rotor 23 and the number of rotors 23 in the disintegrating element 26.
  • each row would comprise aligned teeth 24 on every eleventh rotor 23. It will be recognized that once a single tooth 24 on a rotor 23 has been positioned, all of the other teeth 24 on the same rotor 23 will be automatically positioned.
  • Some such arrangement of the teeth tips 25 is required to prevent the pattern of the teeth tips 25 from causing lateral migration of the fibers and to minimize noise and vibration reinforcement.
  • the disclosed design keeps a relatively constant distribution of fibers across the air flow channel 31 defined by the casing 16 and said disintegrating element 26.
  • the air flow channel 31 is defined by the disintegrating element 26 and the casing 16 which is sized to give from about one thirty-second to about one-fourth inch clearance, preferably about three thirty-seconds inch clearance between blade tips 25 and the casing 16.
  • Avoidance of preferential lateral migration of fibers to one side or the other and the maintenance of a relatively even air velocity profile across the width of the air flow channel 31 by the methods described hereinafter are essential if one is to obtain an airfelt having a laterally constant basis weight when the disintegrator 13 is closely coupled as defined hereinafter.
  • the air inlet 21 can be a single slot inch wide across the width of the casing 16 (typically about 16 inches) which under a pressure of about 2-10 inches of water will deliver about 6,000 to about 13,000, preferably 8,000 feet per minute air velocity. This is the only air introduced deliberately to the disintegrator 13.
  • part of the velocity imparted to the fibers discharged through the discharge outlet 20 is obtained directly from the teeth 24; and accordingly, it is unnecessary to add large quantities of air to maintain the velocity of the individual fibers through the discharge outlet 20 when the disintegrator 13 is closely coupled as defined hereinafter.
  • a row of air inlets 22 having a cross-sectional area of about 1 square inch are desirably provided across the discharge outlet 20 of the casing 16.
  • air flow through each of the individual air inlets 22 is adjusted to provide an air velocity of from about 6,000 to about 13,000 fpm, preferably 8,000 fpm air velocity, by means of a piccolo valve, it is possible to control the direction of the high velocity fiber/air mixture flowing through the discharge outlet 20 and thereby vary the fiber density across the axial width of the discharge outlet 20.
  • the inlets may be slanted down or up, or be perpendicular to the air flow, but are preferably slanted down about 30 from the horizontal.
  • These air inlets 22 provide fine tuning for adjusting the fiber deposition rate across the width of the outlet 20. When the disintegrator 13 is close coupled as defined hereinafter, this permits the formation of a very even density airfelt. It is contemplated that even rather extreme modifications of the air velocity profile can be accomplished by using these air inlets 22.
  • the discharge outlet 20 can comprise a smooth rectangular chute in order to produce an airfelt having a laterally constant basis weight, a preferred variation of this invention being shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 for the purpose of forming an airfelt having a predetermined variation in basis weights across its width.
  • a central diverting vane 32 and two side diverting vanes, 33 and 34 are disposed within the outlet 20. These vanes 32, 33 and 34 vary the fiber density across the cross-section of the discharge outlet 20 by diverting extra fiber into the other portions of the discharge outlet 20 to increase the fiber density in these portions.
  • the primary fiber diverting surfaces 35, 36, 37 and 38 and the other surfaces of the vanes 32, 33 and 34 on which fibers can impinge are all slanted a maximum of about 45, preferably no more than about 25, from the line of air flow so as to divert the fibers into the approximate centers of the adjacent open areas of the discharge outlet 20, without buildup of fibers on those surfaces.
  • the vanes 32, 33 and 34 can be solid, hollow, or simply one or more thin plates slanted so as to divert fibers to one side or the other of the vanes 32, 33 and 34.
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross-section of the product of the arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 5.
  • FIG. 7 another preferred variation of this invention shows a second pyrimidal vane 39 disposed against the wall of the casing 16 to redivert fibers which may migrate back into the space in the discharge outlet 20 directly below the first central diverting vane 32.
  • vanes such as 32, 33, 34, and 39, and by modulating the air input through the air inlets 22, it is possible to provide airfelts having very precise basis weights and variations in basis weights across the width of the airfelt.
  • Support element 40 can comprise a 22 X 24 mesh wire screen which is about 40 percent open with a paper tissue running on top, the tissue having a basis weight of about 12 pounds per 3,000 square feet.
  • the disintegrator 13 can be close-coupled to the support element 40, i.e, the distance from the center of said disintegrating element 26 to the supprt element 40 is from about three-fourths of said disintegrating elements 26 diameter to about 2 diameters, but with an absolute distance of no more than about 3 feet. Greater distances are less desirable since the residence time in the system becomes too great and the velocity of the fibers drops to an undesirable level.
  • This close-coupling arrangement makes it possible to lay an even airfelt with very little air in the fiber/air mixture, thus minimizing the problem of passing the air through the support element 40.
  • fiber/air ratios (by weight) of from bout 0.02 to about 0.50, preferably from about 0.10 to about 0.40, are used.
  • certain vacuum air discharge outlets 42 each having a cross-sectional area of about one-half square inch in the casing 16 communicating with inlet opening 19. These communicate with a source of a vacuum of from about 10 to about 40 inches of water to induce an air flow out through the outlets 42 and thereby remove whatever fibers migrate from the airflow passage 31 into the inlet opening 19.
  • the air outlet holes 42 are slightly larger, closer together, and closer to the tip support edge 19a, e.g., approximately an inch away, and in the middle of the inlet opening 19 the air outlet holes 42 are approximately 2 to 4 inches away from the edge of the support element 190.
  • holes 42 are shown only in the top portion of the casing 16 defining inlet opening 19, it is desirable, and preferable, to provide similar holes 42 in the bottom portion of the casing 16 defining inlet opening 19.
  • the holes 42 should not be too close to the airflow passage 31 or the flow of air into the outlet holes 42 may draw in fibers, but the air outlet holes 42 should be sufficiently close to the edge of the support element 19a so that any fibers which naturally migrate into the inlet opening 19 will be removed. Otherwise, inlet opening 19 can become stopped and clogged with fibers preventing the sheet 12 from feeding into the disintegrator. If desired, the fibers which are removed through the outlet openings 42 can be conveyed to the support element 40 to help form the airfelt.
  • the process of this invention comprises disintegrating dried cellulosic fibrous sheet material in a process comprising the steps of:
  • A Feeding the fibrous sheet 12 into the disintegrator B. Rotating the cylindrical disintegrating element 26 at a speed sufficient to move the tips 25 of the teeth 24 of the disintegrating element at a velocity of from about 6,000 feet/minute to about 30,000 feet/minute, preferably about 15,500 feet/minute, whereby the tips 25 of the teeth 24 impact against the end of the fibrous sheet 12 to disintegrate the fibrous sheet 12 into individual fibers; 1
  • the resulting fiber/air mixture flowing through the channel 31 has a relatively even velocity distribution and consequently an even fiber density profile across the width of the channel 31. It is at this point that disintegration to individual fibers is coming foraminous support 40, leaving the fibers on the foraminous support 40 in the form of an airfelt 41.
  • vanes 32, 33 and 34 have slanted edges and diverting surfaces 35, 36, 37 and 38 to divert the fibers rather than to simply stop the fibers. This avoids buildup of fibers on the surfaces 35, 36, 37 and 38.
  • the diverter 39 has slanting edges and surfaces to avoid fiber buildup. The diversion of the fibers builds up the other areas which are not underneath the vanes 32, 33 and 34 at the same time that the fibers are being prevented from depositing on the area underneath the vanes 32, 33 and 34.
  • the effect of the vanes 32, 33 and 34 on the difference between basis weights of these adjacent areas is greater than the effect of the vanes 32, 33 and 34 on the basis weight of the area directly under the vanes 32, 33 and 34.
  • 'Another preferred embodiment of the invention involves the process of keeping the inlet opening 19 free of disintegrated fibers. This is done by pulling a vacuum of from about 10 to about 40 inches of water on the holes 42, the vacuum being of sufficient strength to remove those fibers migrating into the inlet 19, but preferably not sufficient to pull large amounts of additional fibers into said slotted inlet 19. It is desirable that the holes 42 in the middle of the slot inlet 19 be from about 2. to about 3 inches from the support element 19a. However, the holes 42 along the sides of the slot inlet 19 can be closer to the support element 19a, i.e., about an inch.
  • a disintegrator for fibrous material comprising an axial rotary cylindrical disintegrating element rotatable about its cylindrical axis, said element having teeth generally randomly disposed on said disintegrating elements periphery with the impacting faces of said teeth inclined inwardly in the direction of rotation at an angle of from about 15 to about 40 from the radii drawn through the front edges of the teeths tips and the top surfaces of said teeth being inclined inwardly to form a relief angle of from about 20 to about 60.
  • a disintegrator for fibrous material comprising an axial rotary cylindrical disintegrating element rotatable about its cylindrical axis, said element having teeth which are disposed by arranging the teeth tips in a multiple helical pattern in which there are a plurality of patterns of teeth on a plurality of portions of the circumference of said disintegrating element, each portion covering the entire width of the disintegrating element and each portion being paired with a corresponding adjacent portion which is substantially a mirror image of the first portion, each portion covering from about 3 to about 45 of the circumference of the disintegrating element, the helical patterns having helical angles of from about to about 35, and each tooth being arranged so that the nearest teeth in all directions are at approximately equal distance.
  • disintegrating element is formed from a plurality of rotors having widths of from about 0.030 to about 0.125 inch and each rotor hearing from about six to about 18 teeth.
  • the disintegrator of claim 2 additionally comprising a casing for said disintegrating element, said casing comprising a support element for said fibrous material to continuously hold said fibrous material while it is being fed into a position where said disintegrating element can impact the fibrous material to separate said material into its individual fibers, the distance between said disintegrating element and said support element being from about 0.010 to about 0.080, and said casing defining, in cooperation with said disintegrating element, a restricted air flow channel to keep the current of air and the entrapped individual fibers, which results from rotating said disintegrating element to disintegrate said fibrous material, within a minimal crosssectional area; the distance between the teeth tips and the casing being from about one thirty-second to about one-fourth inch.
  • said casing additionally comprises vacuum air outlets in said support element about 1 inch to about 4 inches from the point where the disintegrating element impacts said fibrous material.
  • each of said blades having a front face for engaging said pulp and which face is rectilinearly bevelled at an angle of between 15 and about 40 from the periphery of the blade and narrows in width towards the blade periphery to urge pulp in a sliding action toward the periphery.
  • a disintegrator for fibrous material comprising an axial rotary cylindrical disintegrating element rotatable about its cylindrical axis, said element having teeth generally randomly disposed on said disintegrating elements periphery with the impacting faces of said teeth inclined inwardly in the direction of rotation at an angle of from about 15 to about 40 from the radii drawn through the front edges of the teeths tips.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
US00182795A 1971-09-22 1971-09-22 Apparatus for preparing airfelt Expired - Lifetime US3825194A (en)

Priority Applications (21)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE789033D BE789033A (en) 1971-09-22 Aerated fibrous fleece mfr - by the disintegration of cellulose fibre-board and deposition of the fibres onto a perforated substrate
US00182795A US3825194A (en) 1971-09-22 1971-09-22 Apparatus for preparing airfelt
AU46591/72A AU465386B2 (en) 1971-09-22 1972-09-13 Apparatus and process for preparing airfelt
ES406758A ES406758A1 (es) 1971-09-22 1972-09-16 Procedimiento y aparato para desintegrar material en hojas fibroso celulosico, seco.
DE2245819A DE2245819C2 (de) 1971-09-22 1972-09-19 Zerfaserer für Cellulosefaserblattmaterial
IE1273/72A IE37094B1 (en) 1971-09-22 1972-09-19 Apparatus and process for preparing airfelt
SE7212129A SE394298B (sv) 1971-09-22 1972-09-20 Sonderdelningsanordning for fibermaterial omfattande ett roterbart cylindriskt sonderdelande element med kuggar
CA152,156A CA969322A (en) 1971-09-22 1972-09-20 Apparatus and process for preparing airfelt
CH1372072A CH550865A (de) 1971-09-22 1972-09-20 Desintegrator fuer faseriges material.
NO3357/72A NO140385C (no) 1971-09-22 1972-09-20 Desintegrator for ark- eller baneformet fiberholdig material
FI2605/72A FI54512C (fi) 1971-09-22 1972-09-21 Soenderdelningsanordning foer fibermaterial
NLAANVRAGE7212809,A NL171542C (nl) 1971-09-22 1972-09-21 Inrichting voor het desintegreren van vezelachtig materiaal.
IT29488/72A IT967712B (it) 1971-09-22 1972-09-21 Apparato e processo per la prepara zione di un feltro mediante una corrente d aria
FR7233553A FR2158824A5 (xx) 1971-09-22 1972-09-21
AT814272A AT329371B (de) 1971-09-22 1972-09-21 Zerfaserer und verfahren zum zerfasern
GB4401772A GB1397297A (en) 1971-09-22 1972-09-22 Apparatus and process for preparing airfelt
JP9563072A JPS5329753B2 (xx) 1971-09-22 1972-09-22
DK471172A DK133019C (da) 1971-09-22 1972-09-22 Sonderdeler til fibrost materiale
US372728A US3863296A (en) 1971-09-22 1973-06-22 Process for preparing airfelt
US00372729A US3824652A (en) 1971-09-22 1973-06-22 Apparatus for preparing airfelt
CA205,530A CA977924A (en) 1971-09-22 1974-07-24 Disintegrator for fibrous material

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00182795A US3825194A (en) 1971-09-22 1971-09-22 Apparatus for preparing airfelt
US00372729A US3824652A (en) 1971-09-22 1973-06-22 Apparatus for preparing airfelt
US372728A US3863296A (en) 1971-09-22 1973-06-22 Process for preparing airfelt

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US3825194A true US3825194A (en) 1974-07-23

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US00182795A Expired - Lifetime US3825194A (en) 1971-09-22 1971-09-22 Apparatus for preparing airfelt
US00372729A Expired - Lifetime US3824652A (en) 1971-09-22 1973-06-22 Apparatus for preparing airfelt
US372728A Expired - Lifetime US3863296A (en) 1971-09-22 1973-06-22 Process for preparing airfelt

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US00372729A Expired - Lifetime US3824652A (en) 1971-09-22 1973-06-22 Apparatus for preparing airfelt
US372728A Expired - Lifetime US3863296A (en) 1971-09-22 1973-06-22 Process for preparing airfelt

Country Status (9)

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US (3) US3825194A (xx)
AT (1) AT329371B (xx)
AU (1) AU465386B2 (xx)
CA (1) CA969322A (xx)
CH (1) CH550865A (xx)
DE (1) DE2245819C2 (xx)
FR (1) FR2158824A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1397297A (xx)
NL (1) NL171542C (xx)

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US4388056A (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-06-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for continuously making an air-laid fibrous web having patterned basis weight distribution
EP0169174A2 (en) * 1984-06-20 1986-01-22 FAMECCANICA S.p.A. Apparatus for the dry defibration of sheets of fibrous cellulose material and like materials, particularly for the preparation of absorbent masses for disposable nappies and the like
US4650127A (en) * 1985-01-31 1987-03-17 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method and apparatus for fiberizing fibrous sheets
US4765780A (en) * 1986-05-28 1988-08-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for and method of providing a multiplicity of streams of air-entrained fibers
US5253815A (en) * 1990-10-31 1993-10-19 Weyerhaeuser Company Fiberizing apparatus
EP0601807A1 (en) * 1992-12-08 1994-06-15 W.R. Grace & Co. Aggregate producing machine
US5324391A (en) * 1990-10-31 1994-06-28 Weyerhaeuser Company Method for crosslinking cellulose fibers
WO1995012025A1 (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-05-04 KRØYER, Ingelise, Kobs A method and an apparatus for production of a fibrous material containing curled fibers
WO1995012024A1 (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-05-04 KRØYER, Ingelise, Kobs Defibrator having improved defibration
US5437418A (en) * 1987-01-20 1995-08-01 Weyerhaeuser Company Apparatus for crosslinking individualized cellulose fibers
US5556976A (en) * 1987-01-20 1996-09-17 Jewell; Richard A. Reactive cyclic N-sulfatoimides and cellulose crosslinked with the imides
US6267252B1 (en) 1999-12-08 2001-07-31 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fine particle filtration medium including an airlaid composite
US20050109864A1 (en) * 2003-11-20 2005-05-26 Olson Jerry R. Micron hammermill
US20070187533A1 (en) * 2001-12-26 2007-08-16 Castronovo Charles A Screenless Disintegrators
US20080277515A1 (en) * 2007-05-09 2008-11-13 Carter Day International, Inc. Hammermill with rotatable housing
EP2039827A1 (en) 2007-09-19 2009-03-25 Fameccanica.Data S.p.A. Apparatus for the defibration of sheets of cellulose
CN101074544B (zh) * 2006-11-20 2012-11-07 杭州新余宏机械有限公司 解纤体及其解纤机
US20130014899A1 (en) * 2010-01-28 2013-01-17 Uni-Charm Corporation Apparatus to manufacture absorbent body
US9463465B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2016-10-11 Charles A. Castronovo Compact high-security destruction machine

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US4127637A (en) * 1975-03-13 1978-11-28 Scott Paper Co. Method of manufacturing a dry-formed, embossed adhesively bonded, nonwoven fibrous sheet
US4064597A (en) * 1976-10-14 1977-12-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Prevention of fibers from entering the pinch point between a rotating feed roll and a stationary shoe
US4122582A (en) * 1977-01-12 1978-10-31 Weyerhaeuser Company Fiber mat forming machine
DE2708307C2 (de) * 1977-02-25 1983-04-28 Vsesojuznoe naučno-proizvodstvennoe ob"edinenie celljulozno-bumažnoj promyšlennosti, Leningrad Verfahren zum Zerfasern einer aus Zellstoff bestehenden Bahn und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US4389175A (en) * 1981-05-15 1983-06-21 James River-Dixie/Northern, Inc. Apparatus for distributing dry fibers onto a forming wire
DE3415196A1 (de) * 1984-04-21 1985-10-24 Winkler & Dünnebier, Maschinenfabrik und Eisengießerei GmbH & Co KG, 5450 Neuwied Saugkissen fuer hygienische zwecke und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US4701294A (en) * 1986-01-13 1987-10-20 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Eductor airforming apparatus
US4767586A (en) * 1986-01-13 1988-08-30 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Apparatus and method for forming a multicomponent integral laid fibrous web with discrete homogeneous compositional zones, and fibrous web produced thereby
IL82511A (en) * 1986-05-28 1992-09-06 Procter & Gamble Apparatus for and methods of airlaying fibrous webs having discrete particles therein
US4908175A (en) * 1986-05-28 1990-03-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for and methods of forming airlaid fibrous webs having a multiplicity of components
US4764325A (en) * 1986-05-28 1988-08-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for and methods of forming airlaid fibrous webs having a multiplicity of components
IT1196469B (it) * 1986-07-07 1988-11-16 Nuova Red Italiana Spa Macchina per la defibrazione a secco di materiale cellulosico fibroso e simili,particolarmente per la preparazione di masse assorbenti per pannolini monouso e simili
US5375780A (en) * 1993-05-24 1994-12-27 Courtaulds Fibres (Holdings) Ltd. Comminuting wood pulp sheeting
GB2341563A (en) * 1998-09-17 2000-03-22 Airmat Systems Ltd Disposal of waste sheet material
US7399377B2 (en) * 2003-01-02 2008-07-15 Weyerhaeuser Co. Process for singulating cellulose fibers from a wet pulp sheet
EP2683861B1 (en) 2011-03-05 2015-04-29 The Procter and Gamble Company Process for making absorbent component
CN105442368A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-03-30 泉州市汉威机械制造有限公司 一种长纤维木桨粉碎装置

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GB1078727A (en) * 1964-11-18 1967-08-09 Elitex Zavody Textilniho A device for the orientation of fibres prior to their transfer to a spindleless spinning mechanism
US3501813A (en) * 1965-11-10 1970-03-24 Int Paper Canada Method of forming a continuous fibrous web
US3519211A (en) * 1967-05-26 1970-07-07 Procter & Gamble Disintegration process for fibrous sheet material
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US3606175A (en) * 1969-12-04 1971-09-20 Kimberly Clark Co Picker for divellicating pulp

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4388056A (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-06-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for continuously making an air-laid fibrous web having patterned basis weight distribution
EP0169174A2 (en) * 1984-06-20 1986-01-22 FAMECCANICA S.p.A. Apparatus for the dry defibration of sheets of fibrous cellulose material and like materials, particularly for the preparation of absorbent masses for disposable nappies and the like
EP0169174A3 (en) * 1984-06-20 1987-01-21 Fameccanica S.P.A. Apparatus for the dry defibration of sheets of fibrous cellulose material and like materials, particularly for the preparation of absorbent masses for disposable nappies and the like
US4673136A (en) * 1984-06-20 1987-06-16 Fameccanica S.P.A. Apparatus for the dry defibration of sheets of fibrous cellulose material and like materials
US4650127A (en) * 1985-01-31 1987-03-17 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method and apparatus for fiberizing fibrous sheets
US4765780A (en) * 1986-05-28 1988-08-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for and method of providing a multiplicity of streams of air-entrained fibers
US5437418A (en) * 1987-01-20 1995-08-01 Weyerhaeuser Company Apparatus for crosslinking individualized cellulose fibers
US5556976A (en) * 1987-01-20 1996-09-17 Jewell; Richard A. Reactive cyclic N-sulfatoimides and cellulose crosslinked with the imides
US6436231B1 (en) 1987-01-20 2002-08-20 Weyerhaeuser Method and apparatus for crosslinking individualized cellulose fibers
US5324391A (en) * 1990-10-31 1994-06-28 Weyerhaeuser Company Method for crosslinking cellulose fibers
US5253815A (en) * 1990-10-31 1993-10-19 Weyerhaeuser Company Fiberizing apparatus
US5462235A (en) * 1992-12-08 1995-10-31 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Aggregate producing machine
EP0601807A1 (en) * 1992-12-08 1994-06-15 W.R. Grace & Co. Aggregate producing machine
KR100306199B1 (ko) * 1992-12-08 2002-03-21 스티브 티. 트링커, 메기오 로버트 골조분쇄장치및분쇄방법
WO1995012024A1 (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-05-04 KRØYER, Ingelise, Kobs Defibrator having improved defibration
WO1995012025A1 (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-05-04 KRØYER, Ingelise, Kobs A method and an apparatus for production of a fibrous material containing curled fibers
US6267252B1 (en) 1999-12-08 2001-07-31 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fine particle filtration medium including an airlaid composite
US8297544B2 (en) * 2001-12-26 2012-10-30 Castronovo Charles A Screenless disintegrators
US20070187533A1 (en) * 2001-12-26 2007-08-16 Castronovo Charles A Screenless Disintegrators
US7004412B2 (en) 2003-11-20 2006-02-28 Carter Day International, Inc. Micron hammermill
US20070272779A1 (en) * 2003-11-20 2007-11-29 Carter Day International, Inc. Micron hammermill
US7401746B2 (en) 2003-11-20 2008-07-22 Carter Day International, Inc. Micron hammermill
US20060038049A1 (en) * 2003-11-20 2006-02-23 Carter Day International, Inc. Micron hammermill
US20050109864A1 (en) * 2003-11-20 2005-05-26 Olson Jerry R. Micron hammermill
CN101074544B (zh) * 2006-11-20 2012-11-07 杭州新余宏机械有限公司 解纤体及其解纤机
US20080277515A1 (en) * 2007-05-09 2008-11-13 Carter Day International, Inc. Hammermill with rotatable housing
US7775468B2 (en) 2007-05-09 2010-08-17 Carter Day International, Inc. Hammermill with rotatable housing
EP2039827A1 (en) 2007-09-19 2009-03-25 Fameccanica.Data S.p.A. Apparatus for the defibration of sheets of cellulose
US20130014899A1 (en) * 2010-01-28 2013-01-17 Uni-Charm Corporation Apparatus to manufacture absorbent body
US9066830B2 (en) * 2010-01-28 2015-06-30 Unicharm Corporation Apparatus to manufacture absorbent body
US9463465B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2016-10-11 Charles A. Castronovo Compact high-security destruction machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT329371B (de) 1976-05-10
AU465386B2 (en) 1975-09-25
NL171542B (nl) 1982-11-16
DE2245819A1 (de) 1973-03-29
US3824652A (en) 1974-07-23
DE2245819C2 (de) 1984-02-23
NL171542C (nl) 1983-04-18
GB1397297A (en) 1975-06-11
CH550865A (de) 1974-06-28
ATA814272A (de) 1975-07-15
AU4659172A (en) 1974-03-21
NL7212809A (xx) 1973-03-26
FR2158824A5 (xx) 1973-06-15
US3863296A (en) 1975-02-04
CA969322A (en) 1975-06-17

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