US3824752A - Multi-storey buildings - Google Patents

Multi-storey buildings Download PDF

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US3824752A
US3824752A US00330427A US33042773A US3824752A US 3824752 A US3824752 A US 3824752A US 00330427 A US00330427 A US 00330427A US 33042773 A US33042773 A US 33042773A US 3824752 A US3824752 A US 3824752A
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building
building according
space
rooms
helical
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M Weston
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
    • E04H6/08—Garages for many vehicles
    • E04H6/10—Garages for many vehicles without mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles, e.g. with helically-arranged fixed ramps, with movable ramps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H3/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for public or similar purposes; Institutions, e.g. infirmaries or prisons
    • E04H3/02—Hotels; Motels; Coffee-houses; Restaurants; Shops; Department stores

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  • ABSTRACT Primary Examiner.lohn E. Murtagh Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Imirie and Smiley [57] ABSTRACT There is described a variant of the building of US.
  • This invention relates to multi-storey buildings of the same general kind as that which is described in the Specification of my United Kingdom Patent No. 1 ,057,8 89. in that specification is described a construction of building in which basically there are combined car parking facilities and hotel facilities whilst there may be ancillary services provided such as reception room, restaurant, lifts and other service provisions.
  • habitable space will mean spaces e.g.
  • a building according to the present invention makes highly efficient use of site area, is adaptable as to the actual location of its entrance and exit facilities and above all can be shown to be outstandingly economic in constructional cost in terms of, for example, the cost per room of bedrooms with their bathroom, of an adequate size together with car parking facilities.
  • the vehicle accommodation in any such building as that which is now in consideration it is of extreme economic importance to proportion and arrange the vehicle accommodation so that it conforms with one highly important parameter; that is to say the minimum steering radius of the type of vehicle (generally speaking average sized private automobiles) for which accommodation is required.
  • the parking space which will be referred to herein requires that there be a single two-lane carriageway arranged in a generally speaking helical manner to turn around and up (or down) within the structure whilst actual parking is provided for by parking bays to which the carriageway gives individual access.
  • an optimal shape for a building affording the required attributes is one in which there are relatively long and flat boundary walls arranged in opposite pairs, a like number of relatively short flat walls between the ends of the longer ones, a repeat of this pattern constituting inner walls defining a well and a structure which comprises basically an arrangement of vertical columns in lines which are arranged radially from imaginary centres contained within the angles made by adjacent walls which centres also prescribe imaginary centres of the carriageway such as to afford at least the minimum turning circle radius for the intended vehicles.
  • This arrangement of columns as will be seen from the description below of a particular example can be made to correspond also with the structural requirements for defining the habitable and industrial space.
  • the invention resides in a multi-storey building comprising a central hollow core defining a well open at the top and extending vertically within the building, a plurality of rows of columns spaced outwardly of and surrounding the central core, a helical floorway supported by the columns and extending upwardly from near the base of the building and winding round the central core for a plurality of convolutions, the helical floorway being of sufficient width to provide a two-lane carriageway for the exit and entry of vehicles and space for parking vehicles at least at the side of the carriageway facing the outside of the building, and an enclosed structure providing a plurality of storeys of habitable space above the uppermost convolution of the helical floorway and surrounding the well, the well being unobstructed for a sufficient distance from its open top to provide light and air to the storeys of the enclosed structure; wherein the building is circumscribed by an outline in plan which involves four pairs of sides forming an eight sided figure in which the sides of each pair are of equal dimension and in which each side of the building
  • the plan form of the central core is preferably geometrically similar throughout its height but it may be stepped as to be least at the bottom of the well and greatest at the top. This last provision may provide that accommodation facing inwardly into the well receives fair shares of light. It is also preferably the same as the outline in plan of the building.
  • a building constructed as described above may have considerable internal variation particularly in regard to the habitable space or industrial space. For example at the bottom end of the well there may be one or two storeys extending over the whole well plan area providing large space for conference or restaurant use. Surrounding the lower part of the well and either at the same level or at more than the same level as the conference space there may be lesser but still adequately large rooms for such purposes as residents lounge, bar, smaller conference room, television room, etc. These can almost be made as completely rectangular rooms and they extend parallel with the long outside sides of the building. At the apices of the quadrangular figure which is basic to the building, are arranged elevators and their lobbies,
  • bedrooms together with their bathrooms are provided to each side of corridors which run from apex to apex of the quadrangular figure most of these having an external window exposure but some of which face inwards into the well.
  • bedrooms are only provided on the outer sides so that at a point, say the sixth or seventh floor in height, the effective plan area of the well is greatly increased and the light to the lower inward rooms not substantially affected.
  • FIG. 1 is a general isometric view of a proposed building
  • FIG. 2 is a ground floor plan which incidentally shows the parking space entry and exit;
  • FIG. 3 is a plan taken at the level of the first parking circuit showing how parking bays can be provided both towards the outside of the building and towards the well, with the industrial layout in the centre core;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the next (upwards) level of parking space
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the first bedroom floor showing how other habitable accommodation is provided
  • FIG. 6 is a typical bedroom plan
  • FIG. 7 shows the intended arrangement of the top floor in plan
  • FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic longitudinal elevation section
  • FIG. 9 is a ground floor plan of a modification of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 8, for a smaller building;
  • FIG. 10 is similar to FIG. 3 and shows a plan taken at the first parking circuit of the building of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view of a bedroom floor of the modified building.
  • plan figure referred to is not necessarily quadrilateral, but is more strictly octagonal, though it may in a broad sense be considered as four-sided.
  • FIG. I hardly requires explanation. It will be seen that the building illustrated comprises four relatively long sides in two parallel pairs 1, 1 and 2, 2. These form a virtually lozenge-shaped pattern. the apices. where the sides 1 and 2 would otherwise converge together, being constituted by relatively short flat sides 3, 3, 4, 4. The structure through most of its height surrounds a well generally indicated at 5 which is of geometrically similar pattern though, of course, of very much less plan area than the Figure constituted by walls 1, 2, 3, and 4.
  • the roof 6 of the building which. of course, could be used as a sun roof or for like purposes.
  • a main hotel entrance is indicated at 8 and vehicle entrance is seen at 9 with vehicle exit 9A. It should be noted that the hotel and vehicle access may be located in any one of a variety of positions.
  • the sides 1 and 2 are seen to be conjoined at the apices of the quadrilateral outline by the short sides 3 and 4.
  • the hotel entrance 8 and in one of the sides 2 the parking space entry 9 and exit 9A.
  • the ramp may be continuously inclined as indicated in FIG. 8.
  • Towards the sides of the building are directed parking spaces best indicated in FIGS. 3 and 4 at such position as 11.
  • These Figures also indicate cars going up the ramp e.g. 11A and down the ramp e.g. 118.
  • the ramps are straight where they are substantially parallel with the longer sides 1 and 2 and curved corresponding to the positions of the shorter sides 3 and 4.
  • the two sharper curves of the ramp which correspond to the position of the short sides 3 are prescribed by the radius of the centre line of the ramp as shown for example at 12 this radius being selected to correspond with the expected turning circle of the class of vehicle which the hotel will readily accommodate. This turning circle also determines that the vehicles can turn into and out of the parking spaces 11.
  • each parking bay 11 is radially accessible to a vehicle.
  • the columns 14 extend throughout the height of the building except in so far as there may be inner columns (see in FIG. 3 at 14C) which only extend up to the inwardly extending lower level of the well if the well is not of uniform plan area.
  • the main structure of the building is supported by three rings of columns 14, an outer ring being that which constitutes the sides I, 2, 3, and 4, a median ring which corresponds to the inner ends of the parking bays and an inner ring which corresponds to the larger perimeter of the well and the inner margin of the carriageway and at least up to a certain level an innermost ring characterised by MC.
  • substantially the same arrangement of columns defines the bedroom accommodation and further, forms part of the vertical structure of the four shafts which house lifts, stairs, etc.
  • FIG. 2 that is to say ground floor level, an example is shown of how the area may be divided up there being an administration and reception area at R, and goods and service entrance and passageway at P (connecting to the street) public space at S (which obviously may be used for shop space or the like) and a large foyer area F.
  • the remainder of the space where it is not interfered with by the ramp can be made use of in a variey of ways and may be regarded either as habitable or industrial space according to the requirement.
  • the walls constituting the sides of the building shall be made virtually open to the atmosphere though, of course, they may be decoratively finished as illustrated visually in FIG. 1 as at 15. The exact nature of this will be determined by aesthetic considerations, need for preferred ventilation, and like factors.
  • FIG. 1 is also indicated how the columns 14 may be brought into a general decorative style where they are at the sides of the building.
  • the building has a well 5 (the general arrangement of which is to be understood from FIG. I). Beneath this well at ground level are such areas as R and F; one floor up e.g. FIG. 3, the floor of the well is occupied by service apparatus (classed as industrial space) such as boilers in the compartment B, mechanical plant in C and for example hot water supply tanks in D.
  • service apparatus classed as industrial space
  • the well is basically defined by the location of four shafts headed as shown in FIG. 3. These shafts are indicated generally by L and they house pairs of lifts such as 16 with their necessary access lobbies and three of the shafts also house emergency stairs indicated by 17. The stairs may in fact continue up to the roof, access doors being provided in the top structures 7.
  • FIG. 4 indicates a level of the building above that at which the bottom of the well clearly is i.e. immediately above the plan of FIG. 3 and at this (FIG. 4) level there is nothing to be particularly noted except the fact that the whole of the useful plan area is taken up by parking bays and the elevator shafts, and the central core (which corresponds to the well in the upper floors) could be used as additional storage space or to house e.g. air conditioning plant.
  • the bedroom hotel part of the building is indicated in FIG. 5 and it will here be seen that the whole area (subject to lift shafts etc.) is taken up for human accommodation.
  • a large room which can be regarded as a conference room or a restaurant indicated at H; and adjacent the conference room are formed a medium sized conference room CR, a barroom BR, a residents lounge RR, and a further lounge for example for television viewers TR.
  • the roof of the room l-I forms the floor of the open part of the well.
  • the accommodation rooms above mentioned are surrounded by a passage 20 giving access to a complete ring of bedrooms 21 each of which has its own bathroom partitioned off, for example, at 21A and each of which may have what is termed a picture" window as indicated at for example 218 in FIG. I.
  • the dimensions and arrangement of the bedrooms 21 are determined in effect by columns 14 and it follows (though it is not of first importance) by comparison of say FIG. 3 and FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is intended to illustrate a plan of a typical bedroom floor; the number of such floors will, of course, be dictated by the requirements of the building and FIG. '7 represents an accompanying arrangement for the top floor which as can now be seen only has outer facing bedrooms 21.
  • the area taken up on lower floors by inner facing bedrooms now represented at 22 may either be useful accommodation e.g. for recreation, storage, or other purposes or may actually be open to form verandah-like accommodation with windows 22A, open to the well 5. This particular feature of construction may of course afford more light to the inwardly facing bedrooms perhaps at the sacrifice of area of the roof 6.
  • a service shaft for instance, incorporating a stairway, may be provided at an outer apex of the building to serve the floors of the helical parking space.
  • FIG. 8 is provided mainly to enable the previous F igures to be more easily understood and would appear to require no particular description.
  • the general arrangement is substantially the same but the ground floor area is divided up somewhat differently, the inner core except at ground floor level is left vacant, a service shaft incorporating a stairway is formed at an outer apex of the building to serve the floors of the parking space, and lift shafts and stairwells are provided at only two of the inner apices of the building and are arranged somewhat differently from their arrangement in the first embodiment described above.
  • the ground floor provides an entrance 9 and exit 9A for vehicles R to the helical floorway 10 as in the above described embodiment but otherwise is divided up to form a plurality of rooms S1 to 813 which may be used for a variety of purposes, for instance, as follows:
  • S1 as an entrance hall
  • S2 as a reception space
  • S3 as a porter room
  • S4 is a room built on to the main building and may serve as a dining annex
  • S5 as a dining room
  • S6 as an entrance hall to the dining room, which may incorporate toilets and cloakroom:
  • S7 which is built to extend outwardly of the general plan of the building, as a lounge or bar; 88 as a cafe; S9 as a restaurant; 510 as a kitchen; S11 as a shop; S12 as staff room and S13 as a plant room for electrical and other gear.
  • a service shaft is formed incorporating a stairway STl (FIGS. 9 and 10) to serve the floors of the parking space, one of which is seen in FIG. 10.
  • the building also comprises at each of the right and left hand apices (as viewed in the Figures) a service shaft incorporating a lift shaft L for two lifts and a stairway ST2, with the lift shaft and the stairway being set with a space between them at the respective apex as is most evident in FIG. 10. It may be noted that the stairway 8T2 in each shaft differs in plan in passing from the parking space to the floors of the habitable space of the building.
  • the plan of the two stairways in the habitable space at the respective inner apices also differ from one another in order to provide a wider access to the shaft at the left hand side through doors DC than to the shaft at the right hand side through door DS since the former is intended for use by guests of the hotel whereas the latter is for use by staff servicing the habitable space.
  • a row of parking spaces 11 (FIG. 10) is provided at each side of the helical carriageway 10.
  • the central well of the building is roofed over at ground floor level to provide the room S but otherwise is left vacant.
  • the bedrooms 21 of the floors of habitable space are arranged in substantially the same way as in the first embodiment described above as indicated in FIG. 11 with rooms either side of a corridor 2].
  • the Figure shows only part of the floor area to avoid unnecessary drawing but it will be understood that the room arrangement shown is used throughout the entire floor area in each floor of the habitable space.
  • FIG. 12 is a simple plan view showing the essentials of a bedroom floor for a still smaller building.
  • FIG. 13 is a corresponding plan of the smaller car parking space in which the bays are only outward from the carriageway.
  • FIG. 14 shows a typical bedroom floor plan of an even smaller building and
  • FIG. 15 is, again in somewhat rudimentary form, an illustration of the carriageway and parking area corresponding to FIG. 14. Where they are applicable similar references are applied in FIGS. 12 15 as to the other Figures. It will be noted by comparison of FIGS. 12 and 13 or FIGS. 14 and 15 that the well may be arranged in somewhat modified manner. For example in FIG.
  • the carriageway extends further inwards towards the vertical axis of the building and it is partially roofed by a passageway 27 which serves the bedrooms (see FIG. 14) but is still large enough to afford useful and airy well area.
  • a passageway 27 which serves the bedrooms (see FIG. 14) but is still large enough to afford useful and airy well area.
  • there may be buildings of sufficient rise to make it desirable to have a "break" in the area of the well so that there may for example be several storeys with internal bedrooms, above which are, say, two or three storeys of only external bedrooms so that the well has a considerably bigger area at roof level than it has at its lower levels.
  • FIG. 7 is suggestive of this feature.
  • a building according to the invention may be formed with curved sides, at least at the apices of the building, rather than with flat sides as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
  • a multi-storey building comprising a central hollow core defining a well open at the top and extending vertically within the building, a plurality of rows of columns spaced outwardly of and surrounding the central core, a helical floorway supported by the columns and extending upwardly from near the base of the building and winding round the central core for a plurality of convolutions, the helical floorway being of sufficient width to provide a two-lane carriageway for the exit and entry of vehicles and space for parking vehicles at least at the side of the carriageway facing the outside of the building, and an enclosed structure providing a plurality of storeys of habitable space above the uppermost convolution of the helical floorway and surrounding the well, the well being unobstructed for a sufficient distance from its open top to provide light and air to the storeys of the enclosed structure; wherein the building is circumscribed by an outline in plan which involves four pairs of sides forming an eight sided figure in which the sides of each pair are of equal dimension and in which each side of the figure is flanked by two
  • a building according to claim 3 wherein a further set of columns is provided inwardly of said third ring of columns, which terminate at the roof level of the uppermost convolution of the e helical floorway.
  • each service shaft is formed with a stairway.
  • each isefL/ice shaft accommodates a shaft for one or more 12.
  • each service shaft has access thereto at each storey through which it passes.
  • a building according to claim 13 wherein the central core of the building is positioned horizontally at the first storey above ground level whereby the space labove and below the partition can be separately utiised.
  • a building according to claim 16 wherein the outer margin of the space underlying the first convolution of the helical floorway is vertically divided into a plurality of rooms one of which connects directly with the space below said horizontal partition, and another of which is completely partitioned from that space.
  • a building according to claim 1 wherein the central core of the building is horizontally divided at the first floor level of the enclosed structure, and the space above the division roofed off the roof level of that storey to form a central room.
  • a building according to claim 1 wherein a service shaft is formed at an outer apex of the building to service the floors of the parking space.
  • the rooms comprise an outer ring of rooms and an inner ring of rooms separated by a corridor giving access to the rooms of both the outer ring and the inner ring.
  • a building according to claim 33 wherein the inner ring of rooms of at least one of said plurality of storeys from the uppermost one thereof downwards are formed with an open side to the well to serve as balcomes.
  • a building according to claim 33 wherein said plurality of storeys are surmounted by at least one upper storey formed to comprise only an outer ring of rooms and an inner corridor giving access to the rooms.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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US00330427A 1972-02-08 1973-02-07 Multi-storey buildings Expired - Lifetime US3824752A (en)

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59150866A (ja) * 1984-01-17 1984-08-29 大井建興株式会社 連続傾床型自走式立体駐車場
JPS60250165A (ja) * 1984-05-25 1985-12-10 大井建興株式会社 連続傾床型自走式立体駐車場
US6209270B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2001-04-03 Hugh W. Johnston Multilevel building with ramp
US20020175827A1 (en) * 2001-05-22 2002-11-28 Klein Christopher J. System and method for remote opening of handicap access doors
WO2004055644A3 (en) * 2002-12-13 2005-02-10 Thomas F Gustafson Mixed-use pedestrian-oriented parking structure
US20090070131A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2009-03-12 Lin Chen Standardized urban product
US7526898B2 (en) * 2002-09-20 2009-05-05 Dimension Development, Inc. Marketing, design, and construction techniques for buildings
US20090275279A1 (en) * 2008-05-04 2009-11-05 Skidmore Owings & Merrill Llp Energy efficient building
US20110011015A1 (en) * 2009-07-17 2011-01-20 Greenway Self Park Llc Energy efficient garage
US20110011014A1 (en) * 2009-07-17 2011-01-20 Halamka Todd D Energy efficient garage
US8402698B1 (en) * 2012-07-10 2013-03-26 Johann D. Wang Multilevel building with sloped driveway
USD886323S1 (en) * 2018-08-07 2020-06-02 Mir-Adham Yusupov Parking garage having a shipping container building
USD933850S1 (en) * 2016-08-26 2021-10-19 Carvana, LLC Vehicle vending building
CN113958168A (zh) * 2021-12-06 2022-01-21 深吉海洋科技(山东)有限公司 一种自驾式立体车库
US20240247507A1 (en) * 2021-06-02 2024-07-25 Philipp Strasser Helical tower and winding module therefor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3050472B1 (fr) * 2016-04-21 2018-04-20 Snc Asset C.P. Ii Immeuble comportant une pluralite de logements configurables
CN106836953A (zh) * 2017-03-28 2017-06-13 陈万仁 一种带螺旋坡道的智慧建筑
CN108179877A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-19 青建集团股份公司 缓和螺旋曲线多层现浇扭板圆弧车道施工方法

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US3232016A (en) * 1961-03-25 1966-02-01 Mlynek Franz Garage construction
US3290837A (en) * 1962-12-13 1966-12-13 Weston Maurice Multi-storey building structures
CH441706A (fr) * 1965-03-05 1967-08-15 E C G S A Tour de parcage à rampe hélicoïdale pour véhicules automobiles

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3232016A (en) * 1961-03-25 1966-02-01 Mlynek Franz Garage construction
US3290837A (en) * 1962-12-13 1966-12-13 Weston Maurice Multi-storey building structures
CH441706A (fr) * 1965-03-05 1967-08-15 E C G S A Tour de parcage à rampe hélicoïdale pour véhicules automobiles

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59150866A (ja) * 1984-01-17 1984-08-29 大井建興株式会社 連続傾床型自走式立体駐車場
JPS60250165A (ja) * 1984-05-25 1985-12-10 大井建興株式会社 連続傾床型自走式立体駐車場
US6209270B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2001-04-03 Hugh W. Johnston Multilevel building with ramp
US20020175827A1 (en) * 2001-05-22 2002-11-28 Klein Christopher J. System and method for remote opening of handicap access doors
US6956495B2 (en) * 2001-05-22 2005-10-18 oneLINK System and method for remote opening of handicap access doors
US7526898B2 (en) * 2002-09-20 2009-05-05 Dimension Development, Inc. Marketing, design, and construction techniques for buildings
US7784228B2 (en) * 2002-12-13 2010-08-31 Gustafson Thomas F Mixed-use pedestrian-oriented parking structure
US20060272248A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2006-12-07 Gustafson Thomas F Mixed-use pedestrian-oriented parking structure
WO2004055644A3 (en) * 2002-12-13 2005-02-10 Thomas F Gustafson Mixed-use pedestrian-oriented parking structure
US20090070131A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2009-03-12 Lin Chen Standardized urban product
US20090275279A1 (en) * 2008-05-04 2009-11-05 Skidmore Owings & Merrill Llp Energy efficient building
US8650814B2 (en) * 2009-07-17 2014-02-18 Greenway Self Park, LLC Energy efficient garage
US20110011015A1 (en) * 2009-07-17 2011-01-20 Greenway Self Park Llc Energy efficient garage
US20110011014A1 (en) * 2009-07-17 2011-01-20 Halamka Todd D Energy efficient garage
US8402698B1 (en) * 2012-07-10 2013-03-26 Johann D. Wang Multilevel building with sloped driveway
EP2872713A4 (en) * 2012-07-10 2016-04-20 Johann D Wang MULTI-STOREY BUILDING WITH APPROVED ROUTE
USD933850S1 (en) * 2016-08-26 2021-10-19 Carvana, LLC Vehicle vending building
USD945014S1 (en) * 2016-08-26 2022-03-01 Carvana, LLC Vehicle vending building
USD886323S1 (en) * 2018-08-07 2020-06-02 Mir-Adham Yusupov Parking garage having a shipping container building
US20240247507A1 (en) * 2021-06-02 2024-07-25 Philipp Strasser Helical tower and winding module therefor
CN113958168A (zh) * 2021-12-06 2022-01-21 深吉海洋科技(山东)有限公司 一种自驾式立体车库

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FR2171772A5 (it) 1973-09-21
GB1415511A (en) 1975-11-26
IT999518B (it) 1976-03-10
BE795090A (fr) 1973-05-29

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