US3823598A - Segmental dies - Google Patents
Segmental dies Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3823598A US3823598A US00282895A US28289572A US3823598A US 3823598 A US3823598 A US 3823598A US 00282895 A US00282895 A US 00282895A US 28289572 A US28289572 A US 28289572A US 3823598 A US3823598 A US 3823598A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- theta
- segments
- die
- cohesive
- die nib
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
- B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
- B21C3/04—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof with non-adjustable section
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A die nib is determined by a mathematically defined segment-shaped portion or die nib segment, a multiplicity of which are assembled together to form the die nib proper, each segment contacting its adjoining segment along a mathematically determined curvilinear transverse face whereby work stresses control the distribution of cohesive pressures along the interfaces of the segments, the segment-shaped portions having workpiece engaging walls forming a die opening of the shape desired for shaping the work material, the curvilinear transverse faces being illustrated by a wide variety of forms.
- FIG. IA is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. IA
Abstract
A die nib is determined by a mathematically defined segmentshaped portion or die nib segment, a multiplicity of which are assembled together to form the die nib proper, each segment contacting its adjoining segment along a mathematically determined curvilinear transverse face whereby work stresses control the distribution of cohesive pressures along the interfaces of the segments, the segment-shaped portions having workpiece engaging walls forming a die opening of the shape desired for shaping the work material, the curvilinear transverse faces being illustrated by a wide variety of forms.
Description
United States Patent [191 Freeman SEGMENTAL DIES [76] Inventor: Michael Walter Freeman, 401 David Whitny Bldg, Detroit, Mich. 48226 [22] Filed: Aug. 23, 1972 211 Appl. No.: 282,895
Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation of Ser. No. 722,778, April 19, 1968,
abandoned.
[52] US. Cl. 72/467 [51] Int. Cl. B2lc 3/04 [58] Field of Search 72/467; 425/461 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,922,110 8/1933 Schultz 72/469 2,578,229 12/1951 Clement et a1. 72/469 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 638,262 11/1936 Germany 72/468 [111 3,823,598 [451 July 16, 1974 Primary Examiner-Milton S. Mehr [5 7] ABSTRACT A die nib is determined by a mathematically defined segment-shaped portion or die nib segment, a multiplicity of which are assembled together to form the die nib proper, each segment contacting its adjoining segment along a mathematically determined curvilinear transverse face whereby work stresses control the distribution of cohesive pressures along the interfaces of the segments, the segment-shaped portions having workpiece engaging walls forming a die opening of the shape desired for shaping the work material, the curvilinear transverse faces being illustrated by a wide variety of forms.
9 Claims, 45 Drawing Figures PATENTEUJIIL 1 s 1914 mm am 23 H6. BB
FIG. IA
FIG.2A
HETERGENEOUS CURVES CURVES OF EQUAL 0 PRESSURE: =f9= g (EQUATIONS 1a. a)
C CURVE OF EQUAL PRESSURE PRESSURE F l G. 5
F I G. 4
gun-1m n .m 1 6 1914 saw 03 nr 23 a m Cl PAIENTEB JUL 1 5 FIG.32
FIG, l4
sum as or 23 Pmmmmmw $823598 sum as or 23 FIG.I4A
FIG. I4B
REFLECTED CURVE PAIENTEBJuu slam 3982959 TAN 2% LARGEST VALUES OF 0MAX POSSIBLE WITH cwsmx" v 5: 5 Y one WALL BREADTH RAmus or on: opzwms 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO ll l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 l7 l8 I9 20 MAX 1 FIG.2I
mmmmww ma ma sum m w 23 MAXIMUM ALPHA PATENTEDJUUGISH sum 15 or 2 T M 1.0172? LARGEST VALUES OFOPMAX POSSIBLE WITH GIVEN DIE WALL BREADTH RADIUS or DIE OPENING II II |234s67aoIonlz la-mlalewlemzozl mzm um 1 6 Ian SHEET l TANX:
MAXIMUM ALPHA 1B or 23]" PATENTEB NU sum 11 or 23 TAN .7854 LARGEST VALUES OF 6MAX POSSIBLE WITH GIVENOC DIE WALL BREADTH=O.5 x RADIUS OF DIE OPENING PMENIEH JUL 1 61914 TAN sum .19 or 2a LARGEST VALUES OF 9MAX POSSIBLE WlTH GIVE'N o DIE WALL BREADTH 0.5x RADIUS OF DIE OPENING 8 9 IO N I2 l3 l4 l5
Claims (9)
1. A die nib comprising a plurality of segments fixed in position, said segments having mutually abutting surfaces, said surfaces intersecting a transverse plane in identical curvilinear lines, whereby each segment comprises one convex side surface and one concave side surface with a concave surface of one segment abutting a convex surface of an adjacent segment, said segments defining an inner opening of a desired shape, the configuration of said curvilinear lines determining a desired distribution of cohesive pressures resulting from working forces, each curvilinear line being defined by the equation r f( theta ), where r is a radial vector and f is a function of theta , where theta is the polar angle between a reference line passing through the center of said opening and the radial vector.
2. A stationarY segmental die as set forth in claim 1, in which the cohesive pressures between segments increase over a determined initial range, 0 < or = theta < theta max, of the transversal faces of the segments, and in which the cross-sectional curves of the transversal faces, r f( theta ), satisfy in the above range the following inequality f( theta )+f''( theta )<0, and approximate, over a determined initial range, 0 < or = theta < theta max, the cross-sectional curves of the transversal faces given by the polar equation r f( theta ) K((1/k)n+ theta )1/n where K and n are positive constants satisfying the inequality K>(n2/n-1)1/2n.
3. The stationary die nib of claim 1 wherein the equation r f( theta ) is equal to Sin ( theta )+ Alpha )/Sin Alpha and wherein the equation is a polar equation for a cross-sectional curve of the transversal face of each die nib and Alpha is the initial angle the tangent to the curve makes with the horizontal and is from above 0* to less than 90* and the maximum breadth of the effective portion of the die nib is determined from the expression Csc Alpha -1 and the cohesive pressure between segments is represented by the symbol P and is expressed by the formula P H/ Square Root (F''( theta ))2+(F( theta ))2 where H is a proportionality factor experimentally determined to establish cohesive pressure P, and the expression (f''( theta )2+(f( theta ))2 is a costant and wherein the cohesive pressure P between segments is equal along an effective portion of each completely abutting interface of the die nib segments and wherein each theta referred to above is the same as in r f( theta ) and is the polar angle between the horizontal line and the radial vector r.
4. The stationary segmental die nib of claim 1 wherein the equation r f( theta ) is derived from the inequality of 2f''( theta )(f''''( theta )+f( theta ))>0 and wherein the equation is a polar equation for the cross-sectional curve of the transversal face of the segment and wherein the initial angle of the tangent of the curve makes with the horizontal is about from 0* to less than 90* and the maximum breadth of the effective portion of the die nib for logarithmic spirals is determined by eSCot Alpha-1 where S, a restricted theta , is the polar angle in radians the segmental curve sweeps through before ending at the periphery of the die nib and the cohesive pressure P between die nib segments is expressed by the formula P H/ Square Root (f''( theta ))2+( f( theta ))2 where H is a proportionality factor, the expression (f''( theta ))2+(f( theta ))2 is an increasing function of theta for an effective portion of the cross-sectional curve of the transversal face of the die nib segments.
5. The stationary segmental die nib of claim 1 wherein r f( theta ) is the generic polar equation for the cross-sectional curve of the transversal face of the segment, the initial angle Alpha of the tangent of the curve makes with the horizontal is from above 0* to less than 90* and the maximum breadth Tmax, of the die nib is determined by the expression Tmax K( Square Root n-1/n)1/n-1 where K and n are independent constants satisfying the inequality K>(n2/n-1)1/2n and the cohesive pressure P between die segments is expressed by the formula P H/ Square Root (f''( theta ))2+(f( theta ))2 where H is a proportionality factor and the cohesive pressure between segments is increased over its effective portion a determined initial range of 0 < or = theta < theta max of the transversal segmental curves starting from the inner face of the die opening and (f''( theta ))2+(f( theta ))2 is a decreasing function of theta for 0 < or = theta < theta max.
6. The stationary die nib of claim 4 wherein r f( theta ) is equal to e theta cot Alpha.
7. The segmental die nib of claim 5 wherein r f( theta ) is equal to K((1/k)n+ theta )1/n where K and n are independent positive constants satisfying the inequality of K>(n2/n-1)1/2n.
8. A die nib as claimed in claim 1, wherein said curvilinear lines extend in counterclockwise directions viewing from the top of said die nib.
9. A stationary segmental die as set forth in claim 1, in which the cohesive pressure between segments, expressed by the formula: P H/ Square Root (f''( theta ))2+(f( theta ))2 where H is the factor of proportionality experimentally determined and r f( theta ) is the generic polar equation for the cross-sectional curve of the transversal face of the segment, is determined, in conjunction with operative conditions, by choice of the cross-sectional curves of the transversal faces of the segments from the group selected from: a. where the cohesive pressures between segments may be equal along the entire interface of the segments and (f''( theta ))2+(f( theta ))2 is a constant; b. where the cohesive pressures between segments may be greater toward the die opening than toward the periphery of the die nib and (f''( theta )2+(f( theta ))2 is an increasing function of theta ; c. where the cohesive pressures between segments may be made to increse over a determined initial range 0 < or = theta < theta max of the segmental curve starting from the inner face of the die opening and (f''( theta ))2+(f( theta ))2 is the decreasing function of theta for 0 < or = theta < theta max; d. where the cohesive pressures between segments may be further maximized at the inner face by reflecting the counter clockwise curves of (a), (b), and (c), and wherein Alpha is the initial angle the curve makes with the horizontal, as indicated in the below formula, having its chosen limits from above 0* to less than 90*; and the maximum breadth of the die nib wall Tmax for (a) is Csc Alpha-1; Tmax for logarithmic spirals in (b) is eSCot Alpha-1; and Tmax in (c) is ((n--S)/ Square Root n--1+1)1/n -1.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00282895A US3823598A (en) | 1968-04-19 | 1972-08-23 | Segmental dies |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US72277868A | 1968-04-19 | 1968-04-19 | |
US00282895A US3823598A (en) | 1968-04-19 | 1972-08-23 | Segmental dies |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3823598A true US3823598A (en) | 1974-07-16 |
Family
ID=26961735
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00282895A Expired - Lifetime US3823598A (en) | 1968-04-19 | 1972-08-23 | Segmental dies |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3823598A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5956993A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1999-09-28 | Akamatsu Forsysco., Ltd. | Forging or cold-pressing tool and method of assembling same |
US20080102149A1 (en) * | 2004-05-08 | 2008-05-01 | Good Earth Tools, Inc. | Die for extruding material |
US7540181B1 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2009-06-02 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Wire-drawing die assembly |
US8512023B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2013-08-20 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Injection mold assembly including an injection mold cavity at least partially defined by a polycrystalline diamond material |
US8702412B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2014-04-22 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Superhard components for injection molds |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1922110A (en) * | 1932-01-27 | 1933-08-15 | Firth Sterling Steel Co | Die structure |
DE638262C (en) * | 1935-02-23 | 1936-11-12 | Emil Gerbracht | Adjustable die |
US2578229A (en) * | 1947-11-17 | 1951-12-11 | Clement Marcel Rene | Draw plate |
-
1972
- 1972-08-23 US US00282895A patent/US3823598A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1922110A (en) * | 1932-01-27 | 1933-08-15 | Firth Sterling Steel Co | Die structure |
DE638262C (en) * | 1935-02-23 | 1936-11-12 | Emil Gerbracht | Adjustable die |
US2578229A (en) * | 1947-11-17 | 1951-12-11 | Clement Marcel Rene | Draw plate |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5956993A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1999-09-28 | Akamatsu Forsysco., Ltd. | Forging or cold-pressing tool and method of assembling same |
US20080102149A1 (en) * | 2004-05-08 | 2008-05-01 | Good Earth Tools, Inc. | Die for extruding material |
US7637732B2 (en) * | 2004-05-08 | 2009-12-29 | Good Earth Tools, Inc. | Die for extruding material |
US7540181B1 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2009-06-02 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Wire-drawing die assembly |
US8512023B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2013-08-20 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Injection mold assembly including an injection mold cavity at least partially defined by a polycrystalline diamond material |
US8678801B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2014-03-25 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Injection mold assembly including an injection mold cavity at least partially defined by a polycrystalline diamond material |
US8702412B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2014-04-22 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Superhard components for injection molds |
US9193103B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2015-11-24 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Methods of injection molding |
US9199400B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2015-12-01 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Methods of injection molding an article |
US9868229B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2018-01-16 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Methods of injection molding an article |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3823598A (en) | Segmental dies | |
KR910002570A (en) | Blank cutting device and cutting method | |
US3645608A (en) | Cooling means for reflecting device | |
FR2294990A1 (en) | Multifocal length lenses - combining high and low refractive index layers and grinding through the interface | |
US1981392A (en) | Propeller and the like | |
ATE200234T1 (en) | BUZZING TOOL OF A PAIR OF BUZZING TOOLS FOR THE DEFORMATION OF CONTINUOUS CAST SLABES IN A SLAB BUDDING PRESS | |
US2379088A (en) | Closing die | |
US2403805A (en) | Metalworking | |
GB1257946A (en) | ||
US2797537A (en) | Elongated honing stone | |
US3127862A (en) | Box and method of making the same | |
US3427239A (en) | Tool electrode for electro-erosive machinery | |
US1502418A (en) | Wire and rope clamping device | |
RU1819180C (en) | Roll for making periodical cross section wire | |
SU602271A1 (en) | Expandable male die for shaping hollow work | |
GB699709A (en) | Improved method of finishing previously-formed curved slots and objects having curved slots finished thereby | |
SU837816A2 (en) | Burnishing tool | |
SU1632641A1 (en) | Diamond tool | |
US4050279A (en) | Apparatus and methods for forming an elongated product | |
SU1011345A1 (en) | Die for cutting shapes | |
SU1465176A2 (en) | Cutting bit | |
SU673392A1 (en) | Deforming broaching tool | |
US1915543A (en) | Piston ring | |
US1984889A (en) | Piston ring joint | |
SU884983A2 (en) | Tool for strengthening treatment inner cylindrical surfaces |