US3822873A - Furnace for melting or heating metals - Google Patents

Furnace for melting or heating metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3822873A
US3822873A US00378414A US37841473A US3822873A US 3822873 A US3822873 A US 3822873A US 00378414 A US00378414 A US 00378414A US 37841473 A US37841473 A US 37841473A US 3822873 A US3822873 A US 3822873A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
furnace
crucible
compartment
guide plate
contacts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00378414A
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English (en)
Inventor
O Pletscher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gebrueder Pletscher AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Pletscher AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Pletscher AG filed Critical Gebrueder Pletscher AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3822873A publication Critical patent/US3822873A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F27D2021/0057—Security or safety devices, e.g. for protection against heat, noise, pollution or too much duress; Ergonomic aspects
    • F27D2021/0085—Security or safety devices, e.g. for protection against heat, noise, pollution or too much duress; Ergonomic aspects against molten metal, e.g. leakage or splashes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
    • F27D2099/0008—Resistor heating

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A furnace for melting or heating metals comprising a furnace compartment enclosed by a refractory lining and a crucible for the melt arranged in the furnace compartment.
  • a baffle or guide plate preferably a sheet-metal deflector or guide, engages beneath the contacts and extends at least over the region of the furnace compartment spanned by the crucible. The baffle plate is exposed to the thermal radiation emanating from heating elements.
  • the present invention relates to a new and improved construction of furnace for melting or heating metals and is of the type comprising a furnace compartment or chamber enclosed by a refractory lining as well as a crucible for the melt arranged within the furnace compartment.
  • furnaces of this type which hereinafter will be conveniently referred to as heating furnaces, especially if electrical heating elements are embedded in the refractory lining, the metal possibly flowing out of the crucible and into the furnace compartment tends to oftentimes lead to serious interruption in the operation of the furnace and damage. This is not only apparently the case where the melt completely runs out of the crucible which has burst, but also then so even if the melt tends to trickle in droplet-form through fissures or cracks in the wall of the crucible.
  • Another and more specific object of the present invention aimsat attaining the sameeffect and the same I gage beneath the contacts, this guide plate extending at least over the region of the furnace compartment which is spanned or covered by the crucible and such guide plate is subjected to the thermal radiation of heating elements.
  • the guide plate or sheet metal guide possesses a temperature which prevents the solidification of droplets of leaked metal which impinge thereat and thus retains the metal in a fluent state, so that it can flow along the guide plate towards the contacts.
  • the guide plate there- I fore so-to-speak increases the operable zone of the contacts, which owing to such surface-adhering action no longer need possess a surface-like extent or elongation.
  • the guide plate can be designed to possess a substantially pot-like configuration, and therefore possesses surface portions which to a considerable degree are subjected to the thermal radiation directed towards the crucible. With such construction the guide plate simultaneously serves as a screen against metal spray. This function is then realized to a more pronounced extent if the guide plate forms the lower closure of a jacket surrounding the crucible, especially since such jacket is not only capable of entraining the metal spray but furthermore also can catch the entire quantity of melt which may run out.
  • the upper edge of the jacket together with that of the crucible forms a gap which is at least approximately completely sealed.
  • the longevity of the crucible, but at the same time also the thermal transfer or conductivity through the wall of the crucible is improved.
  • the carbon at the crucible wall in conjunction with only a limited quantity of oxygen forms CO and thus cannot burn-out. Consequently, there is not formed any brittle, breakable layer of increasing thickness, the formation of which not only causes weakening of the mechanical strength but also impairment of the thermal conductivity of the crucible wall.
  • the space enclosed between the jacket and crucible can incipiently contain a protective gas atmosphere.
  • FIG. 1 there is depicted in sectional view a substantially cylindrical heating furnace F constituting an exemplary emcorporates a furnace compartment or chamber 1 which 'is enclosed by a multi-layer lining 2 formed of refractory material.
  • heating elements for instance heating spirals or coils which have been schematically depicted by reference character 20, are embedded in grooves 22 or the like which open in the direction of the furnace compartment l.
  • the floor or bottom 4 of the furnace compartment l is also formed of a suitable refractory material, and at the center of the floor 4 there opens a discharge channel 5 for the leaked metal, also sometimes conveniently referred to herein as leakage metal. Above the mouth 5' of the discharge or outlet channel 5 there is located a pedestal or socket 6 upon which rests a crucible 7 or equivalent structure.
  • a guide or baffle plate 17 for instance a sheet metal deflector or guide, which forms the lower closure of a cylindrical jacket or shell 8 which surrounds the crucible 7.
  • the annular or ringshaped gap 9 enclosed by the upper edge 8' of the jacket 8 and the upper edge 7' of the crucible 7 is sealed by a ring seal 10 formed of a suitable material.
  • Electrical contacts 11 and 12 are mounted at the guide plate or sheet metal guide 17'which may be inclined in the direction of such contacts 11 and 12.
  • the contacts 11 and 12 are operatively connected by the schematically depicted conductors 13 leading via a channel or throughpassage opening 14 out of the furnace compartment 1, with a switch arrangement 15 of a suitable and thus merely schematically illustrated warning device and/or shutdown device of a monitoring mechanism, generally indicated by reference character 24.
  • the jacket 8 which especially by means of its lower portion together with the guide plate 17 forms a substantially pot-shaped unit, is directly subjected to the thermal radiation emanating from the heating elements 20, any possible present leakage metal which has arrived-through a fissure or crack at the wall of the crucible 7 at the intermediate compartment 16 enclosed between this jacket 8 and the crucible 7, remains in a molten state and therefore is flowable or fluent.
  • the guide plate 17 With appropriate construction of the guide plate 17 even a small available quantity of leakage metal will be delivered to the contacts 11 and 12, so that the same will be electrically connected with one another and the monitoring mechanism will respond and trigger an optical or acoustical signal and activate the shutdown device.
  • heated guide plate 17 thus imparts a remote-control action to the contacts 11 and 12. This also is the case even if the guide plate 17 does not possess any or any especially pronounced gradient or slope in the direction of the contacts 11 and 12, since the leakage metal will tend to spread out in any event over the surface of the guide plate 17 and will soon reach the region of the contacts 11 and 12. Constructing the guide plate 17 to possess a certain gradient hence constitutes only a slight modification. In the same sense it would be possible to enlarge the electrical contact surface, for instance by arranging a number of contact pairs or by using contacts in the form of concentric rings, grids and the like.
  • contacts having a surface-like remote control action brought about by a guide plate it would of course be possible to also use surface-like contacts.
  • electrodes or contacts in the form of concentric rings, rods, grids or grate-like constructed electrodes it would be possible to mount two more or less small meshed grids in superimposed relationship, if desired at a spacing above the floor, in which the metal droplets would be caught, whereby an electrical connection between these grids would be established.
  • the guide plate especially however the jacket forming therewith a potshaped unit, could have a blackened outer surface in order to improve the heat transfer to the crucible.
  • a furnace for melting or heating metals comprising a furnace compartment, a refractory lining enclosing the furnace compartment, a crucible for the melt arranged in the furnace compartment, contact means arranged at the lower region of the furnace compartment and disposed in the current circuit of a monitoring device. said contact means being electrically connected with one another by metal which possibly escapes out of the crucible into the furnace compartment, a guide plate engaging with the contact means,

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
US00378414A 1972-07-17 1973-07-12 Furnace for melting or heating metals Expired - Lifetime US3822873A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT614272A AT316161B (de) 1972-07-17 1972-07-17 Ofen zum Schmelzen oder Warmhalten von Metallen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3822873A true US3822873A (en) 1974-07-09

Family

ID=3583317

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00378414A Expired - Lifetime US3822873A (en) 1972-07-17 1973-07-12 Furnace for melting or heating metals

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3822873A (sl)
JP (1) JPS4944912A (sl)
AT (1) AT316161B (sl)
AU (1) AU471337B2 (sl)
CA (1) CA1016982A (sl)
CH (1) CH560880A5 (sl)
DE (1) DE2333956B2 (sl)
FR (1) FR2200955A5 (sl)
GB (1) GB1437534A (sl)
HU (1) HU166613B (sl)
IT (1) IT998237B (sl)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3024709A1 (de) * 1980-06-30 1982-01-28 Leybold-Heraeus GmbH, 5000 Köln Transportbehaelter fuer metallschmelzen
GB2247305A (en) * 1990-08-01 1992-02-26 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Crucible induction furnace
US5148771A (en) * 1991-09-03 1992-09-22 Schuett Daniel L Veterinarian infectious waste containment system
US5539183A (en) * 1994-06-29 1996-07-23 Beckley; John P. Vertically fitted portable electric furnace
US5597501A (en) * 1994-11-03 1997-01-28 United States Department Of Energy Precision control of high temperature furnaces using an auxiliary power supply and charged practice current flow

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI52261C (fi) * 1976-06-10 1977-07-11 Saarivirta Matti J Sulatus- ja valulaite.
JPS53151A (en) * 1976-06-24 1978-01-05 Riken Keiki Kk Digital gas concentration indicator
GB1589884A (en) * 1976-07-28 1981-05-20 Griverus Tor L B Digital transducers for measuring
JPS5632878Y2 (sl) * 1977-12-02 1981-08-04
JPS54152112U (sl) * 1978-04-12 1979-10-23
JPS58103097A (ja) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-18 株式会社明電舎 信号処理装置
JPS6441881A (en) * 1987-08-07 1989-02-14 Furuno Electric Co Stabilizer for measured value
JPH03119718U (sl) * 1990-03-20 1991-12-10

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1889604A (en) * 1931-10-15 1932-11-29 Gen Electric Protective apparatus for furnaces
US2525882A (en) * 1949-05-14 1950-10-17 Loftus Engineering Corp Electric ladle furnace

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1889604A (en) * 1931-10-15 1932-11-29 Gen Electric Protective apparatus for furnaces
US2525882A (en) * 1949-05-14 1950-10-17 Loftus Engineering Corp Electric ladle furnace

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3024709A1 (de) * 1980-06-30 1982-01-28 Leybold-Heraeus GmbH, 5000 Köln Transportbehaelter fuer metallschmelzen
GB2247305A (en) * 1990-08-01 1992-02-26 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Crucible induction furnace
US5241560A (en) * 1990-08-01 1993-08-31 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Crucible induction furnace provided with a preventive measure against low melting point metals
GB2247305B (en) * 1990-08-01 1995-01-18 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Crucible induction furnace
US5148771A (en) * 1991-09-03 1992-09-22 Schuett Daniel L Veterinarian infectious waste containment system
US5539183A (en) * 1994-06-29 1996-07-23 Beckley; John P. Vertically fitted portable electric furnace
US5597501A (en) * 1994-11-03 1997-01-28 United States Department Of Energy Precision control of high temperature furnaces using an auxiliary power supply and charged practice current flow

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5784873A (en) 1975-01-09
GB1437534A (en) 1976-05-26
AT316161B (de) 1974-06-25
DE2333956A1 (de) 1974-01-31
CH560880A5 (sl) 1975-04-15
IT998237B (it) 1976-01-20
AU471337B2 (en) 1976-04-15
CA1016982A (en) 1977-09-06
FR2200955A5 (sl) 1974-04-19
JPS4944912A (sl) 1974-04-27
HU166613B (sl) 1975-04-28
DE2333956B2 (de) 1979-04-19

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