US3822556A - Method of laying wide asphaltic open mesh reinforced strips - Google Patents

Method of laying wide asphaltic open mesh reinforced strips Download PDF

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Publication number
US3822556A
US3822556A US00216039A US21603972A US3822556A US 3822556 A US3822556 A US 3822556A US 00216039 A US00216039 A US 00216039A US 21603972 A US21603972 A US 21603972A US 3822556 A US3822556 A US 3822556A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bitumen
mastic
strip
weight
asphaltic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00216039A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Cramwinckel
R Reintjes
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Bitumarin BV
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Bitumarin BV
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Publication date
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/52—Apparatus for laying individual preformed surfacing elements, e.g. kerbstones
    • E01C19/522—Apparatus for laying the elements by rolling or unfolding, e.g. for temporary pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/18—Devices for distributing road-metals mixed with binders, e.g. cement, bitumen, without consolidating or ironing effect
    • E01C19/182—Devices for distributing road-metals mixed with binders, e.g. cement, bitumen, without consolidating or ironing effect solely for depositing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/121—Devices for applying linings on banks or the water bottom
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/17—Surface bonding means and/or assemblymeans with work feeding or handling means
    • Y10T156/1788—Work traversing type and/or means applying work to wall or static structure
    • Y10T156/179—Work traversing type and/or means applying work to wall or static structure with liquid applying means

Definitions

  • asphaltic mastic an asphaltic composition which contains more asphaltic bitumen than corresponds with the volume of the voids in between the mineral matter.
  • bitumen is understood a bitumen derived from a mineral oil and mixtures thereof with bitumen. derived from coaltar. ln this Application mineral matter is understood to comprise broken stone, gravel, sand and filler. Broken stone and gravel have a particle size greater than that of sand, and filler has a particle size smallerthan that of sand.
  • sand is understood mineral matter which is retained on a 0,075 sieve but passes a 2.4 sieve.
  • the sieves are Netherlands standard sieves as defined in N480 and N574 (Netherlands Standards). Sand according to the Specifications laid down by Rijkswaterstaat (State Water Authority) .for
  • the invention therefore relates to a method of impermeabilizing a water-retaining surface with a reinforced layer of asphalt, in which an unilaterally externally reinforced-wide strip of asphaltic mastic wound onto a reel is unwound onto the surface to be lined, in such a way that the reinforced side faces this surface.
  • the laying operation can be car- 9 ried out in such a way that the wound-up unilaterally externally reinforced asphaltic mastic strip wound up onto a reel is unwound on the water-retaining side of I the weir in a downward or upward direction.
  • the next wide strip is laid in adjoining arrangement with the strip already applied.
  • the joint between the two adjoining strips can be impermeabilized, for example by pouring or spreadpart increases to infinity and this transition may result in crack formation in the asphaltic mastic, especially in the case of very rigid and thick-layers.
  • a number of measures may be taken to prevent crack formation completely. In the first place it is possible to ensure that the transition of the radius of curvature to infinity occurs gradually by unwinding the roll while it is at acertain distance above the surface of the slope. The unwound strip can then be laid on the slope whilst sagging. Further, the rigidity of the asphaltic mastic layer, the ambient temperature, the reel diameter and unwinding speed can be mutually adapted.
  • the reel diam eter is preferably at leastone metre and the thickness of the asphaltic mastic layer is preferably not more than 2.5 cm. If it is desired to obtain a reasonable lining speed even in the most unfavourable case of a low ambient temperature of, for example, 7 C and the strip must therefore be unwound at a speed of 2 metres of strip per minute, a reel diameter of 2 metres is chosen with a strip thickness of 2.5 cm.
  • two layers of unilaterally externally reinforced strips are then preferably laid one on top of the other, the reinforcement of the upper strip facing the mastic side of the lower strip.
  • the upper layer of strips is then preferably so laid that a joint between two lower strips is covered by an upper strip.
  • the temperature of the mastic may rise to 70 C when the portion of the mastic layer which is not covered by water is exposed to direct sun heat.
  • preference is given to a mastic of which the bitumen has the highest possible softening point compatible with the requirement that it must be possible for the ready-made strip to be unwound from the reel without the rigidity of the mastic layer being an obstacle thereto.
  • a particularly suitable bitumen is obtained when mixing a straight-run bitumen having apenetration of 80-100 dmm at 25 C 80-100 bitumen) with preferably a similar quantity by weight of blown bitumen having a penetration of 40 dmm at 25 C and a softening point Ring and Ball of 85 C (85-40 bitumen).
  • a bitumen mixture consisting of straight-run 80-100 bitumen and blown 85/40 bitumen has so far never been used for the preparation of asphaltic mastic.
  • asphaltic mastic prepared therefrom has sufficient flexibility with respect to winding onto and unwinding from a reel having a diameter of at least one metre, and good viscosity temperature properties with respect to flow, which is negligible even at 70 C.
  • additives such as asbestos fibres and natural or synthetic rubber, which additives are usually not more than 15 percent by weight, based on the bitumen.
  • the quantity of bitumen in the mastic may be chosen between and 20 percent by weight.
  • the dimensions and nature of the mineral matter incorporated in the mastic allowance is preferably made for the flow requirements and for the requirement that the asphaltic mastic should not be forced away into the dam surface by the water to be retained by the dam.
  • Preference is given to materials the particles of which are irregularly shaped, such as broken stone and sharp sand.
  • a mixture of broken sand with a particle size of up to 3 mm, fine natural sand with a particle size of up to 2 mm and filler is chosen.
  • mastic containing 30-40 percent by weight of broken sand (0/3mm), -30 percent by weight of fine sand (up to 2 mm), 18-32 percent by weight of limestone filler and 12-16 percent by weight of bitumen is very suitable.
  • bitumen used is preferably a mixture of equal parts by weight of 80-100 bitumen and 85/40 bitumen, as described above. lf desired, it is also possible to use a different type of bitumen and mineral matter with other dimensions and in other quantities by weight than those mentioned, if this is necessary'or allowed, for example in connection with the gradient of the slope to be covered and the climatic conditions.
  • the reinforcement chosen is therefore preferably a gauze, for example a metal gauze, the meshes of which are so dimensioned that at least the greater portion of the mineral matter can pass through the meshes.
  • Use is therefore made, for example, of a mesh size which exceeds the D 85 of the mineral aggregate (D designates the sieve mesh through which 85 percent by weight of the mineral matter can pass), a mesh size equal to one and a half times the D 85 of the mineral component of the asphaltic mastic being preferred. Since in general no mineral matter with a D 85 greater than 4 mm is chosen for the preparation of mastic, the upper limit of the mesh size is therefore in practice 6 mm at the preferred mesh size of one and a half times the D 85 of the mineral matter.
  • the reinforcement is adapted to the requirement that it must be capable of transmitting the forces occurring in the strip laying on a slope.
  • a reinforcement consisting of steel-wire gauze is preferred.
  • Steel-wire gauze has elongation properties which correspond to the plastic deformation which may occur in the mastic layer lying on a slope and when the wire thickness is correctly chosen it is sufficiently strong to resist the pulling forces which may occur in strips having a thickness of up to 2.5 cm and a length of up to, for example, 200 metres.
  • metal gauze made of galvanized steel wire may be used. It is also possible to employ gauze made of suitable plastic. The strength of the gauze is more important than the corrosion resistance, since in cases where permanent strength is required, the reinformcement is embedded between two mastic layers and is consequently protected against corrosion.
  • Asphaltic mastic consisting of bitumen and mineral matter as hereinbefore described and preferably. prepared by mixing the components at l60190 C, care being taken that no air is occluded during mixing, is poured in hot condition on the floor and on the reinforcement present on the floor.
  • a heated screed is moved over the upright edges of the floor in order to obtain a smooth surface of the mastic layer.
  • the strip is wound on to a reel, which is, for example, rotatably suspended in a vehicle which is being moved over the floor.
  • the reel has preferably flanges which are so demensioned that the completely wound-up strip does not exceed the flange height, so that the fully wound reel can be rolled away and stored without its weight pressing on the mastic strip.
  • a plastic film for example a film of polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • the wound-up strip of asphaltic mastic cannot stick to a previous winding, and after unwinding on the slope, the plastic film may be left in position until a possible second layer of reinforced strips must be laid. After removal of the plastic film this second layer can then be laid on a clean mastic layer.
  • the reel For unwinding the reel it is rotatable on a horizontal shaft placed on a vehicle which is moved over the surface of the water-retaining side of the dam by means of a winch. The loose end of the strip is attached to the top or foot of the slope by suitable means. While unwinding the reel and moving the vehicle care should preferably be taken that the unwinding strip has such trated through the reinforcement adheres more readily to a heated than to a cold lower surface. To this end it is also useful for the lower surface to be coated with a bituminous paint or to be finished with asphalt.
  • the heating source is preferably an infra-red heater which is so attached to the vehicle that the surface, on which the unwinding strip is subsequently laid, is heated.
  • the surface of the'first layer is always heated during the application of the second layer to ensure a good and complete adhesion of the second layer to the first one.
  • the dam surface is preferably given a flat finish.
  • a flat finish For this finish preferance is given to an asphalt having a bitumen content at most of 6 percent by weight, a volume ofvoids of at most percent and a pore structure which precludes the pressing away of the asphaltic mastic.
  • bitumen component for this asphalt any road construction bitumen is suitable.
  • the finishing course is preferably compacted in a direction normal to the surface, for example by means of a vibratory roller which is moved over the finishing course by means of a winch.
  • Weirs are usually made up of irregularly shaped stone blocks. A surface consisting of these stone blocks cannot be levelled economically with the above finishing course. if a dam of this type is not finished and consequently shows this rough surface a blinding layer, for example consisting of l 00 mm broken stone, is first laid in a quantity of 400 kg/m corresponding to an average blinding layer thickness of about 25 cm. After compacting of the blinding layer the above asphalt can be used for levelling purposes.
  • the drawing shows diagrammatically a preferred embodiment of the vehicle and the laying of a unilaterally externally reinforced wide asphaltic mastic strip on the slope of a dam by means of this vehicle.
  • 1 is the crest of a dam
  • 2 is the boundary of the supporting body of the dam
  • 3 is a blinding layer of broken stone
  • 4 is a levelling layerconsisting of asphalt.
  • the drawing shows three positions of the vehicle, i.e., A, B and C.
  • the chassis of the vehicle is designated by the numeral 5.
  • a reel 6 with a flange 7 rests with its shaft 8 in supports 9.
  • the vehicle has an infra-red heater 10 which is at A in the inoperative position and a steering gear 11.
  • a rolling device 12 is connected to the vehicle.
  • the vehicle which is provided with wheels 13 and 13a, isconnected to a cable 14 which is wound on a winch (not shown) via a block 15.
  • the block 15 is mounted on supports 16.
  • the infra-red heater l0 When the vehicle is put into operation the infra-red heater l0 isdirected to the surface 4, the free end of a unilaterally externally reinforced asphaltic mastic strip wound'onto the reel6 is attached to the crest at 17 and the cable 14 is paid out.
  • the vehicle in operation is shown in position B.
  • the unwinding asphaltic mastic strip 18 is laid on the lower surface 4 heated by the infrared heater l0 and is compacted by the rolling device 12.
  • position C the vehicle has arrived at the end of the slope, the infra-red heater is set in the inoperative position and the end of the asphaltic mastic strip is attached to the supporting body 19 (designated by a broken line 20).
  • bitumen component consists of equal quantities by weight of straight-run 100 bitumen and blown /40 bitumen.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the mesh size of the gauze is equal to 15 times the 6.
  • a method as in claim 6 in said surface characterized in that during unwinding of the asphaltic mastic strip the unwound portion is heated before being laid on said surface.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Working-Up Tar And Pitch (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
US00216039A 1971-02-04 1972-01-07 Method of laying wide asphaltic open mesh reinforced strips Expired - Lifetime US3822556A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7101469.A NL165240C (nl) 1971-02-04 1971-02-04 Werkwijze voor het afdichten van een waterkerend opper- vlak.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3822556A true US3822556A (en) 1974-07-09

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US00216039A Expired - Lifetime US3822556A (en) 1971-02-04 1972-01-07 Method of laying wide asphaltic open mesh reinforced strips

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US3822556A (OSRAM)
JP (1) JPS5419704B1 (OSRAM)
AT (1) AT332312B (OSRAM)
AU (1) AU467419B2 (OSRAM)
BE (1) BE778860A (OSRAM)
CH (1) CH542960A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2204922A1 (OSRAM)
ES (1) ES399397A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2125024A5 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1368356A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT947240B (OSRAM)
NL (1) NL165240C (OSRAM)
ZA (1) ZA72666B (OSRAM)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4714376A (en) * 1984-12-31 1987-12-22 Jenab S Abdollah Hillslope landslide stability drain
US4872784A (en) * 1988-08-23 1989-10-10 Le Roy Payne Ditch lining apparatus and method and product therefrom
US4909667A (en) * 1989-02-21 1990-03-20 Demello Steven R Method and apparatus for applying a daily cover to dumped waste
US4955760A (en) * 1988-08-23 1990-09-11 Le Roy Payne Laminate forming and applying apparatus and method and product therefrom
US6382871B1 (en) * 2000-07-19 2002-05-07 Guy Ross Asphalt molding system
US20050022696A1 (en) * 2003-07-31 2005-02-03 Blankenship Phillip B. Reflective crack relief pavement interlayer with improved load bearing capacity and method for designing interlayer
CN121110595A (zh) * 2025-11-17 2025-12-12 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种沥青混凝土面板防渗结构及施工方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH670123A5 (OSRAM) * 1984-10-19 1989-05-12 Rodio Grundbau Technik Ag
CN111794185B (zh) * 2020-08-06 2021-12-10 宁夏亿达峰园林绿化工程有限公司 一种水利河道高斜度坡面防护建设用六棱砖铺设设备
CN115748765B (zh) * 2023-01-06 2023-05-30 海南华源水产科技有限公司 一种用于农业边坡覆绿结构

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2170330A (en) * 1936-07-13 1939-08-22 Shell Dev Asphalt laying apparatus
US2197879A (en) * 1937-07-24 1940-04-23 Samuel S Robinson Paper laying machine
GB591824A (en) * 1944-01-14 1947-08-29 Gerard Van Der Rest Method and apparatus for the launching of revetment mats
US2500583A (en) * 1945-08-27 1950-03-14 Charles R Smith Roofing and waterproofing machine
GB1198908A (en) * 1967-06-01 1970-07-15 Bitumarin Nv Reinforced Asphaltic Composition Mattresses

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2170330A (en) * 1936-07-13 1939-08-22 Shell Dev Asphalt laying apparatus
US2197879A (en) * 1937-07-24 1940-04-23 Samuel S Robinson Paper laying machine
GB591824A (en) * 1944-01-14 1947-08-29 Gerard Van Der Rest Method and apparatus for the launching of revetment mats
US2500583A (en) * 1945-08-27 1950-03-14 Charles R Smith Roofing and waterproofing machine
GB1198908A (en) * 1967-06-01 1970-07-15 Bitumarin Nv Reinforced Asphaltic Composition Mattresses

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Linings For Irrigation Canals, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation July 1952 pp. 61 66. *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4714376A (en) * 1984-12-31 1987-12-22 Jenab S Abdollah Hillslope landslide stability drain
US4872784A (en) * 1988-08-23 1989-10-10 Le Roy Payne Ditch lining apparatus and method and product therefrom
US4955760A (en) * 1988-08-23 1990-09-11 Le Roy Payne Laminate forming and applying apparatus and method and product therefrom
US4909667A (en) * 1989-02-21 1990-03-20 Demello Steven R Method and apparatus for applying a daily cover to dumped waste
US6382871B1 (en) * 2000-07-19 2002-05-07 Guy Ross Asphalt molding system
US20050022696A1 (en) * 2003-07-31 2005-02-03 Blankenship Phillip B. Reflective crack relief pavement interlayer with improved load bearing capacity and method for designing interlayer
US7709106B2 (en) * 2003-07-31 2010-05-04 Road Science, L.L.C. Reflective crack relief pavement interlayer with improved load bearing capacity and method for designing interlayer
CN121110595A (zh) * 2025-11-17 2025-12-12 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种沥青混凝土面板防渗结构及施工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL165240C (nl) 1981-08-17
NL7101469A (OSRAM) 1972-08-08
NL165240B (nl) 1980-10-15
AU3856072A (en) 1973-08-09
AT332312B (de) 1976-09-27
AU467419B2 (en) 1973-08-09
ES399397A1 (es) 1975-06-01
GB1368356A (en) 1974-09-25
JPS5419704B1 (OSRAM) 1979-07-17
DE2204922A1 (de) 1972-08-17
IT947240B (it) 1973-05-21
CH542960A (de) 1973-10-15
ZA72666B (en) 1972-10-25
BE778860A (fr) 1972-08-02
ATA82772A (de) 1975-12-15
FR2125024A5 (OSRAM) 1972-09-22

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