US3815386A - Device for bleaching of cellulosic pulp - Google Patents

Device for bleaching of cellulosic pulp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3815386A
US3815386A US00222230A US22223072A US3815386A US 3815386 A US3815386 A US 3815386A US 00222230 A US00222230 A US 00222230A US 22223072 A US22223072 A US 22223072A US 3815386 A US3815386 A US 3815386A
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United States
Prior art keywords
strainer
pulp
bleaching
vessel
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00222230A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Gullichsen
R Ekholm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Metso Fiber Karlstad AB
Original Assignee
Kamyr AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE1246/71A external-priority patent/SE342271B/xx
Application filed by Kamyr AB filed Critical Kamyr AB
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Publication of US3815386A publication Critical patent/US3815386A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/75—Details relating to xerographic drum, band or plate, e.g. replacing, testing
    • G03G15/757—Drive mechanisms for photosensitive medium, e.g. gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/43—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using driven stirrers
    • B01F23/431—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using driven stirrers the liquids being introduced from the outside through or along the axis of a rotating stirrer, e.g. the stirrer rotating due to the reaction of the introduced liquid
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
    • D21C9/1026—Other features in bleaching processes
    • D21C9/1031—Pulse, dynamic, displacement processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/10—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially
    • F16D1/101—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially without axial retaining means rotating with the coupling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/901—Rapid attachment or release
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
    • Y10T403/7005—Lugged member, rotary engagement
    • Y10T403/7007—Bayonet joint

Definitions

  • concentric strainer bodies for withdrawal of liquid from the pulp and with nozzles moved in circular paths between the strainer bodies for su pp y of bleaching liquid.
  • Bleaching liquid passes from said nozzles horizontally through the vertically moving pulp column towards the strainer bodies where liquid qualize the pon the pulp, at
  • said drawback is counteracted by the bleaching agent being forced through the pulp flow first in a certain transverse direction and then in another transverse direction, preferably a direction opposite to the first-mentioned direction.
  • equalization till take place on account of the transverse flow of bleaching agent changing its direction and different parts of the pulp will successively become the spots where the supplied bleaching agent is of its highest concentration and effects its strongest action.
  • a portion of the pulp from which during a certain stage a more or less inactive liquid is withdrawn, therefore during a later stage will be treated by bleaching agent just supplied and having a strong bleaching action.
  • the transverse currents of bleachingagent are directed essentially radially and the directions at different levels of the pulp column are made opposite to each other, so that the moving pulp column after having been subjected at a certain level to a transverse current of bleaching agent directed radially inwardly, will later and at another level be subjected to a transverse current of bleaching agent which is directed radially outwardly, or vice versa.
  • the invention relates to a device for the performance of the above-mentioned method in an upright cylindrical vessel, in which cellulosic pulp is fed continuously or stepwise in the axial direction and which is provided with outlet orifices for supply of bleaching agent and with strainers placed at approximately the same level as said orifices and serving for withdrawal of liquid displaced by the bleaching agent supplied.
  • Said device is essentially characterized in that the outlet orifices and the pertaining strainers at the various levels are offset axially relatively to each other in such a manner that the vertically moving pulp column is penetrated in succession by essentially horizontal bleaching agent currents of mutually different directions. Further characterizing feature of the device preferably applied when performing the method in a known vessel with strainers, is stated in the following patent claims.
  • the shown bleaching vessel forms a vertically standing tower with a cylindrical shell 11.
  • Cellulosic pulp is charged continuously or as small batches into the lower end (not shown) of the tower. so that the pulp is caused to move as a coherent column upwardly through the vessel with a speed which is as uniform as possible over the cross-section.
  • a discharging device which diverts the rising pulp out through a lateral pulp outlet 15.
  • Said discharging device may consist of a scraper composed of obliquely set plates 17 carried by radial arms 19. Said arms are attached to a tube located centrally in the vessel and forming a hollow core 22 which is connected to a rotary vertical shaft 21. At its upper end outside the vessel said shaft is journalled in a bearing 23 and driven by a motor 25.
  • the vessel is closed so that it can be held under over-pressure.
  • a strainer device composed of two sets of strainer bodies, viz. an upper set consisting of two annular strainer bodies 29, 31 concentric to each other and to the axis of the vessel, and a lower set comprising two annular strainer bodies 33, 35 which likewise are concentric to each other and to the axis of the vessel.
  • the strainer bodies 29, 35 each consist of two substantially cylindrical strainer plates 41, 43 and 42, 44, respectively, of slightly different diameters inserted into each other and having their upper and lower edges'united.
  • a cylindrical partition 46 may be inserted in the strainer bodies between the strainer plates.
  • the strainer plates 41, 43, 42, 44 are generally vertical everywhere and are provided with perforation apertures or vertically extending strainer slits distributed over essentially their entire face.
  • the remaining strainer bodies 31, 33 located close to the central core 22 of the vessel and close to its shell 11, respectively, are designed essentially in the same manner as the strainer bodies 29, 35 but are provided with strainer apertures or slits merely on the cylindrical face 48 and 50, respectively, that is facing the pulp moving past the same. Liquid withdrawn from the pulp penetrates into cavities 47, 49 within the strainer bodies.
  • the strainer bodies of the two sets are rigidly connected to horizontally and radially extending carrying arms 54, 56. The outer ends of said arms extend through slots in the ves- .sel shell 11.
  • Said slots extend in the vertical direction sufficiently far for allowing a restricted reciprocating movement of the carrying arms in the axial direction of the vessel. Plates 51 attached to the carrying arms cover said slots in order to reduce the leakage therethrough.
  • the carrying" arms are provided with interior passages 53, 55 for conveying the liquid withdrawn by the strainer bodies to exterior discharge conduits.
  • the upper passages 53 of the carrying arms communicate with the cavities 47 of the strainer bodies 29, 31 of the upper set, and the lower passagesSS communicate with the cavities 49 of the strainer bodies 33, 35 of the lower set.
  • the strainer bodies are moved vertically in one and/or the other direction by an operating device located outside the vessel and arranged to act upon the outwardly extending ends of the carrying arms 54, 56.
  • a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 60 having a verticalpiston connected to an attachment 64 .upon the end of the carrying arm.
  • the ,two sets of strainer bodies have different diameter measurements of their strainer bodies.
  • the strainer body 33 is of greater diameter than the strainer body 29
  • the strainer body 35 is of greater diameter than the strainer body 31.
  • the strainer body 35 is of a'diameter which is intermediate and preferably differs equally much from the diameterrneasurements strainer bodies are considered in the order of increasing diameters, every sound will be found in the upper set and every second inbetween in the lower set.
  • the diameter measurements form a series the members of which show successive, preferably equally great increments, i.e., the strainer bodies of one set should be of diameters that differ equally much from the diameter measurements of the next greater and the next smaller strainer body of the other set.
  • each strainer set the strainer bodies are located at, the same level, but the two sets aremutually offset in the axial direction.
  • the upper edges of the strainer bodies 33, 35 of the lower set are located in one or the same horizontal plane, and
  • said horizontal plane preferably is situated somewhat lower than the horizontal plane extending through the lower edges of the strainer bodies of the upper set.
  • the device according to the invention also comprises a system of bleaching agent supply conduits provided with bleaching agent outlets located at the same levels tending vertically therefrom, said tubes being connected to supply conduits 69, 71 respectively.
  • said outlet orifices move in circular paths, concentric. to the strainer faces and to the central core 22.
  • the tube 65 is situated straight above the outermost strainer body 33 of the lower set of strainer bodies and close to the vessel shell 11, and its outlet orifice 61 describes a circular path concentric to the strainer bodies and of approximately the same radius as the strainer body 33.
  • the tube 67 with outlet orifice 63 is located straight above the strainer body 35 and moves in a path of the same radius as said strainer body.
  • the outlet orifices are extended in the vertical direction so that the liquid ejected therefrom is spread as a cylindrical film.
  • the extension in the height direction of said film is usually less than that of the strainer bodies.
  • From said cylindrical distributing face the liquid flows in essentially horizontal and radial paths through the pulp towards the opposite strainer face, thereby displacing the liquid previously forming part of the pulp and expelling a corresponding amount of liquid through the respective strainer face.
  • a flow which is evenly distributed over the circumference runs radially inwards the strainer face 41, and through said strainer face there departs liquid containing spent or residual bleaching agent and reaction products.
  • the amounts of supplied liquid and withdrawn liquid correspond to each other, but a certain controlled difference between said amounts may be maintained whereby the pulp is thickened or diluted during its passage upwardly past said strainer face.
  • the bleaching agent ejected from the outlet orifice 63 is likewise spread over an imaginary cylindrical surface in the pulp. 'Said amount of bleaching agent is divided and flows in part radially inwards towards the strainer face of the strainer body 31 and in part radially outwards towards the strainer face 43 of the strainer body 29.
  • outlet orifices 73, 75 which are connected to conduits 77 and 79 for the supply of bleaching agent, which conduits extend within the core 22.
  • the outlet orifice 73 is provided on the upper end of a vertical tube 81 situated straight below the strainer body 41 and connected to the rotary core 22 by means of a tube 83 extending horizontally and radially below the lower set of strainer bodies.
  • bleaching agent is spread over a cylindrical face of the same radius as the strainer body 29.
  • the outlet 75 is situated close to the core 22 and when the core is turned, said outlet distributes bleaching agent over a'cylindrical face of the same radius as the strainer body 31.
  • the pulp which flows axially upwards in the vessel as a coherent column is divided up into three concentric part flows each having the cross-section of an annulus.
  • the innermost of said part pulp flows which passes between the core 22 and the strainer body 35 is treated first by the bleaching liquid which from the outlet 75 is forced transversely through the pulp column towards the strainer face 44 of the strainer body 35, through which face a corresponding amount of displaced liquid is drawn out of the pulp.
  • the concentration of the bleaching agent which is highest at the outlet 75 decreases according as the bleaching agent penetrates farther out and is used up by the reaction. Accordingly, the bleaching reaction will be unevenly distributed over a cross-section of the pulp and will be considerably weaker at the outer portions of the part pulp flow under consideration.
  • said inconvenience is compensated thereby that said pulp flow, when it reaches the level of the upper set of strainer bodies, is penetrated by a transverse current of bleaching liquid which emanates from the outlet orifice 63 and thus will be most effective upon the radially outer portion of said part flow of pulp.
  • part flow of pulp which passes between the strainer bodies 35 and 29 will be treated first with bleaching liquid which from the outlet 73 is forced radially inwards towards the strainer face 42, and at a later stage with bleaching agent which from the outlet 63 is forced radially outwards towards the strainer face 43.
  • the outermost part flow of pulp which passes between the strainer body 29 and the shell 11 will be treated first with bleaching liquid which from the outlet 73 is forced radially outwards towards the strainer face 50 and then with bleaching liquid which from the outlet 61 is driven radially inwards towards the strainer face 41.
  • the used bleaching agent which may be of any kind and e.g., consists of a water solution of chlorine, chlorine dioxide or hypochlorite, is supplied through a conduit 85 and is distributed by means of valves 87 in proper proportions upon conduits which are connected over a stuffing box 89 each with a separate one of the rotary conduits 69, 71, 77, 79 in the core 22.
  • the bleached pulp is discharged through the outlet 15 together with bleaching reaction products and possibly residual bleaching agent.
  • a washing device likewise consisting of concentric strainer rings and nozzles for spreading water or other wash liquid, said nozzles being moveable between said strainer rings, e.g., a wash device of the kind shown in the Swedish Pat. specification No. 225,814.
  • the required time of the bleaching operation will be reduced and a desired bleaching stage will be completed during a compa-ratively short axial movement of the pulp through the vessel. Due thereto it is possible with bleaching towers of conventional heights to perform several successive bleaching stages in one and the same tower. Then one or more further double sets of strainer bodies and liquid spreaders of the same design as above described and shown in the drawing are arranged therebelow. If desired, the bleaching stages or one or more of them may be followed by a washing zone comprising concentric strainer bodies.
  • the operating device 60 may be common to all strainer bodies of said bleaching and washing stages. However, in certain cases the device may function satisfactorily even if the strainer bodies remain stationary. The latter applies particularly if the pulp is fed stepwise and the pressure difference over the strainer faces is shut off during the advancement of the pulp.
  • Device'for bleaching cellulosic pulp comprising an upright cylindrical vessel in which cellulosic pulp is advanced continuously or intermittently in the axial direction, outlet orifices in said vessel for the supply of bleaching liquid into the vessel, and strainers placed at approximately the same level as said orifices and serving for withdrawal of liquid displaced by the bleaching liquid supplied, wherein outlet orifices situated at different levels and strainers pertaining thereto are offset axially relatively to each other so that at two such successivel levels the strainers at one level are located on essentially vertical lines from the orifices at the other level.
  • strainers have cylindrical strainer faces and the outlet orifices move in circular paths concentric to the strainer faces and to the axis of the vessel so that the vertically flowing pulp is penetrated successively by essentially horizontal currents of bleaching liquid flowing in opposite directions.
  • Device as claimed in claim 1 comprising two strainer body sets of different levels, each set comprising a plurality of concentric strainer bodies located at the same level and having cylindrical strainer faces, the
  • the outlet orifices for supply of bleaching liquid to each set being arranged to move in concentric paths, the radii of which are different from the radii of the outlet orifices pertaining to the other strainer set.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Configuration And Component (AREA)
US00222230A 1971-02-02 1972-01-31 Device for bleaching of cellulosic pulp Expired - Lifetime US3815386A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1246/71A SE342271B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1971-02-02 1971-02-02
US00312239A US3815380A (en) 1971-02-02 1972-12-04 Shaft coupling apparatus

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US45734874A Division 1971-02-02 1974-04-02

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US3815386A true US3815386A (en) 1974-06-11

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US00222230A Expired - Lifetime US3815386A (en) 1971-02-02 1972-01-31 Device for bleaching of cellulosic pulp
US00312239A Expired - Lifetime US3815380A (en) 1971-02-02 1972-12-04 Shaft coupling apparatus

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00312239A Expired - Lifetime US3815380A (en) 1971-02-02 1972-12-04 Shaft coupling apparatus

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US (2) US3815386A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (2) CA944201A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE2204705C3 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2125017A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NL (1) NL7316623A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

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US3985005A (en) * 1974-03-14 1976-10-12 Sunds Aktiebolag Apparatus for processing liquid-containing substance mixtures, particularly cellulose pulp
US4100069A (en) * 1977-02-28 1978-07-11 Kamyr, Inc. Two-stage pulp thickening
US4172037A (en) * 1975-10-10 1979-10-23 Kamyr Inc. Continuous process diffuser
US4441224A (en) * 1982-05-04 1984-04-10 Laakso Oliver A Method of continuously treating a fibrous suspension
US4468319A (en) * 1982-05-04 1984-08-28 Laakso Oliver A Stationary diffuser
US5116476A (en) * 1990-12-17 1992-05-26 Kamyr, Inc. Atmospheric diffuser improved lower screens backflushing
US5203045A (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-04-20 Kamyr, Inc. Nozzle mounting in atmospheric diffusers
WO1995014810A1 (en) * 1993-11-29 1995-06-01 Kvaerner Pulping Technologies Ab Method and device for feeding out fibre pulp
WO1995020067A1 (en) * 1994-01-24 1995-07-27 Kvaerner Pulping Technologies Ab Diffuser
US5560229A (en) * 1994-01-24 1996-10-01 Kvaerner Pulping Technologies Ab Diffuser
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JP4948382B2 (ja) 2006-12-22 2012-06-06 キヤノン株式会社 感光ドラム取り付け用カップリング部材
JP4498407B2 (ja) 2006-12-22 2010-07-07 キヤノン株式会社 プロセスカートリッジ、電子写真画像形成装置、及び、電子写真感光体ドラムユニット
JP5311854B2 (ja) 2007-03-23 2013-10-09 キヤノン株式会社 電子写真画像形成装置、現像装置、及び、カップリング部材
JP5306050B2 (ja) 2008-06-20 2013-10-02 キヤノン株式会社 カートリッジ、カップリング部材の取り付け方法、及び、カップリング部材の取り外し方法
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US3348390A (en) * 1965-03-25 1967-10-24 Kamyr Ab Cellulosic material process vessel liquid distribution device
US3524551A (en) * 1967-02-14 1970-08-18 Kamyr Ab Apparatus for concentrating and/or washing cellulosic pulp
US3599449A (en) * 1967-11-06 1971-08-17 Kamyr Ab Cellulose bleach tower with means for spreading a bleaching agent therein

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3985005A (en) * 1974-03-14 1976-10-12 Sunds Aktiebolag Apparatus for processing liquid-containing substance mixtures, particularly cellulose pulp
US4172037A (en) * 1975-10-10 1979-10-23 Kamyr Inc. Continuous process diffuser
US4100069A (en) * 1977-02-28 1978-07-11 Kamyr, Inc. Two-stage pulp thickening
US4441224A (en) * 1982-05-04 1984-04-10 Laakso Oliver A Method of continuously treating a fibrous suspension
US4468319A (en) * 1982-05-04 1984-08-28 Laakso Oliver A Stationary diffuser
US5116476A (en) * 1990-12-17 1992-05-26 Kamyr, Inc. Atmospheric diffuser improved lower screens backflushing
AU638337B2 (en) * 1990-12-17 1993-06-24 Kamyr Inc. Atmospheric diffuser improved lower screens backflushing
US5567262A (en) * 1991-04-16 1996-10-22 Ahlstrom Machinery Inc. Two stage pressure diffuser
US5203045A (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-04-20 Kamyr, Inc. Nozzle mounting in atmospheric diffusers
WO1995014810A1 (en) * 1993-11-29 1995-06-01 Kvaerner Pulping Technologies Ab Method and device for feeding out fibre pulp
US5688369A (en) * 1993-11-29 1997-11-18 Kvaerner Pulping Aktiebolag Method and device for feeding out fibre pulp
US5560229A (en) * 1994-01-24 1996-10-01 Kvaerner Pulping Technologies Ab Diffuser
WO1995020067A1 (en) * 1994-01-24 1995-07-27 Kvaerner Pulping Technologies Ab Diffuser
US5636849A (en) * 1994-01-24 1997-06-10 Kvaerner Pulping Ab Translatable bearing stuffing box
CN1070960C (zh) * 1994-01-24 2001-09-12 卡瓦尔纳制浆技术公司 扩散器
US5778704A (en) * 1994-07-04 1998-07-14 Kvaerner Pulping Ab Arrangement for a continuous diffuser for washing pulp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2125017A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1972-09-22
DE2204705C3 (de) 1974-07-04
US3815380A (en) 1974-06-11
DE2204705B2 (de) 1973-11-29
NL7316623A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-02-25
CA944201A (en) 1974-03-26
DE2204705A1 (de) 1972-08-10
CA994121A (en) 1976-08-03

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