US3814308A - Calculating device - Google Patents

Abstract

A calculator for estimating concrete mix proportions of air, cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates comprising a calculating device having a pair of linear scales, a pair of logarithmic scales and a slidable cursor. Each pair of the scales has associated therewith a group of scalar representations of concrete mix factors which are interrelated. All members of each group are set forth in a visually distinct manner so as to facilitate computations by use of the calculator.

Description

[111 3,814,308 I June 4, 1974 United States Patent [19] Kolaa CALCULATING DEVICE Md. Martin Marietta Corporation, New York, NY.

Inventor: Andrew Kolan,

Assignee:

John A. Crowley, Jr.;

[22] Filed: Dec. 6, 1972 [57] ABSTRACT A calculator for estimatin g concrete mix proportions of air, cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates comprising a calculating device havin 211 Appl. No.: 312,643

US, Cl. 235/70 [51] Int. G06g 1/02 [58] 235/70, 78, 8 085-89 g a pair of linear scales, a pair of logarithmic scales and a slidable cur- Fi ld f s h sor. Each pair of the scales has associated therewith a group of scalar representations of concrete mix factors which are interrelated. All members of each References Cited group are UNITED STATES PATENTS set forth in a visually distinct manner so as to facilitate H93 1 computations by use of the calculator. 10/1932 1,790,569 235/70 R I,88l,l65 Becker.......................... 235/70 R 20 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures a." for an, valume '4 5 37 ||m| IIIIIIII IIIIl'llIll |I|I|llllllllllillllllllllllllllllllll ll I1 l llliIlllIllilll lllillllillllltllllIllll iniunllu vm nr reduction alum 101 water 3 stun th 9/. L7 as m w/ 4 m MW i'lil llllllllll' 23 24 2| lllll l illllilIIIIIIIIitIllillllillllillllillllillllitlllillllillilillllillllillllilllli ttar iombiM.

a n d indexes ANG ...l.. iillllilltlilllrillllill l reduction l entrained an PATENIEDJuu 41974 3814.3

SHEEI 3-0? FIG. 2

Q I I 5 useful in determining the relative proportions of ingredients for concrete mixes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Producers of ready-mixed concrete, regardless of the size of their operations, are often required to establish batch weights of concrete ingredients for producing concrete mixes suitable for varied applications. Although standard well-known mixes are common, an important segment of the production involves preparing concrete mixes having specified properties to meet the requirements of a particular job.

The selection of suitable, econimic concrete proportions is a problem which must be solved on an individual basis by each producer. Those skilled in the concrete art will recognize that factors such as fineness 'modulus of the sand and coarse aggregate as well as the character of the coarse aggregate (whether rounded or angular) will effect optimum proportioning of concrete ingredients. Accordingly, the selection ofthese and other variables and their relative proportions for use as part of a concrete mix is often difficult and time eonsuming.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device which will assist a concrete producer in estimating the batch quantities of ingredients for concrete mixes. it is well recognized that the variables of materials which make-up a concrete mix, the production methods which may be used to make the concrete mix, and the end uses of the mix are too numerous to permit an advance calculation of optimum proportions of ingredients. However, the device of the present invention, when used as explained hereinafter, will enable one to obtain a good approximation of the required concrete batch quantities in a short period of time, which approximation can be then modified in light of local experience and test results.

It is'an object of the-present invention to provide the novel and useful calculator adapted to calculate batch quantities of cement, air, water and fine and coarse aggregates for use in preparing concrete mixes.

It is another object of the present invention-to provide a calculator which can be employed to determine in a short period of time a good approximation of the quantities of any one'or more variables used in the preparation of concrete mixes by reducing the arithmetic neededto compute the proportions of variables for concrete mixes compositions.- Other objects and advana direct or inverse multiplicative manner, said second variables being scaled on loci adjacent to and correlatable with said logarithmic scales, and at least one cursor associated with said linearand logarithmic scales and said scaled variables.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Generally speaking, this present invention contemplates a calculating device in the form of a slide rule. This calculating device may comprise a body portion or member, preferably elongated and generally rectangular in shape. Affixed to the body portion, by printing or by any other suitable means, there may be provided a linear scale having scalar lines calibrated in equal increments which preferably extend substantially along the entire length of the body portion. The body portion may also carry a logarithmic scale having scalar lines calibrated in logarithmic intervals which, preferably, also extend substantially along the entire length of thebody portion. Preferably the linear scale and the logarithmic scale may be calibrated from O to 25 and l to 10, respectively; however, such calibration may be modified or changed by those skilled in the art.

The body portion maybe provided with an elongated slot which may extend along the entire length of the body portion. Slidable within the body portion along the elongated slot there may be situated a slide member which preferably may be generally rectangular in shape and may be generally equal in length to the body portion. Substantially along its entire length the slide member may carry a linear scale having scalar lines calibrated in equal increments. This linear scale may have identical calibrations to those of the linear scale arranged on the body portion. In similar manner the slide member may also have a logarithmic scale affixed thereto substantially along its entire length so as to, preferably, be identical to the logarithmic scale carried by the body portion.

A plurality'of scales smaller in dimensions to the linear and logarithmic scales may be arranged on the body portion and the slide member of the calculating device. These smaller scales may define scalar representations of various concrete. mix factors or variables useful in tages will become apparent from the description taken in conjunction with the drawing herein set forth.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION In accordance with certain of its aspects, the novel calculating device comprises a pair of linear scales, one linear scale being slidably adjustable with respect to the other, a pair of logarithmic scales, one of said logarithmic scales being slidably adjustable with respect to the other, at least one group of concrete mix factors comthe preparation of concrete mixes as hereinafter described. The smaller scales may extend along the length of both the body'portion and the sliding member and may be scaled on loci adjacent to and correlatable with both the linear and logarithmic scales. As previously mentioned, these small scales of different concrete mix factors may be smaller in dimension than the linear or logarithmic scales, that is to say, the scalar lines of the' small scales do not extend along the length of the calculating device in lengths greater than or equal to the length of the scalar lines of the linear or logarithmic scales. Further, some of the small scalesmay include at least one group of concrete mix factors which contain at least two variables that are interrelated in an additive or subtractive manner. Additionally, some of the small scales may, on the other hand, include at least one group of concrete mix factors which contain at least two variables that may be interrelated in a multiplicative or inverse multiplicative manner. The relative positions on the calculator of each scalar representation of each group of concrete mix factors may be determined from experience and from known data available to those skilled in the art. That is to say, in order to determine the relative position of each scalar concrete mix crete mix problems, an interrelation or equation may first be developed from known concrete mix data, such as that disclosed in reference text materials. Subsequently, the interrelation may be adjusted to provide value equivalents so that the values in the equation may be easily manipulated by the successive movements of the parts of a-slide rule type calculator. Functional members are then developed to replace the equations actual values derived from known data disclosed in the text materials so that the numbers might fit conveniently on the calculator in scalar arrangements which do not overlap. The functional numbers may then be used in relation to one another on linear or logarithmic scales on the calculators in order to solve the concrete mix problems. The upper and lower limits of each concrete mix factor scale may, of course, be determined by the ordinary and common operating ranges of the con crete mix variables used in concrete mix designs this is deemed well known to those skilled in the art.

Concrete mix factors useful in the preparation of concrete mixes may include, but are not limited to, the percent of total air in the concrete, gallons of mixing water per cubic yard, sacks of cement per cubic yard, coarse aggregate size, sand fineness modulus, percent entrapped air in the concrete, percent entrained air in concrete, slump in inches of the concrete mixture, water indexes for round and angular aggregate, and water/cement ratio, etc., in order to determine the relative positions of each scalar representation of these concrete mix factors on the calculator for solving various concrete mix problems, either exact or empirical interrelations or equations may be developed that fit the various correlated data shown on the graphs and in the Tables set forth in the Circular entitled "Proportioning Ready Mixed Concrete" by Delmar L. Bloem and Stanton Walker, published by the National Sand and Gravel Association and the National Ready Mixed-Concrete Association, October 1963, NSGA Circular No. 91 and NRMCA Publication No. 114. Those interrelations that may be correlated on a linear scale may be exact interrelations whereas those correlated on a logarithmic scale may be, for the most part, empirical in nature due to the fact that the latter interrelations were generated for the most part, by atrial and error method. The

' interrelations correlated with the linear scales may be interrelated in an additive or subtractive manner while the interrelations correlated with the logarithmic scales may be interrelated in a direct or inverse multiplicative manner. The interrelations that are thus developed may be thereafter adjusted to provide value equivalents for the various values set forth in the equations. This may be done simply to modify the equation so that it can be easily solved by the successive movements of the parts of a slide rule type calculator. It is to be understood that such a modification thereby may determine whether the small concrete mix factor scales should be arranged on the movable member or on the fixed'member of a slide rule. type of calculator. Since there may preferably be a number of concrete mix factors that can be arranged as scales on a calculator in order to perform a variety of common concrete mix calculations, and since the space on an ordinary hand type calculator may be limited, functional numbers may then be developed to convert the known data found in the graphs and tables to numbers which may fit conveniently on the small scales that define scalar representations of concrete mix factors on the calculator without any overlapping of the scales. In other words, the technique of converting theactual numbers to functional numbers for concrete mix factors may be simply done in order to arrange all of the small scales on the calculator in such a way that they will not overlap one another.

A cursor may be arranged to extend about the body portion and the slide member so as to be slidably movable'along their entire lengths. The cursor may preferably be transparent so as to enable the scales affixed to the body portion and the slide member to be easily and readily seen even though the cursor may be positioned over the scales. The cursor may carry a hairline which is preferably arranged to extend perpendicular to the length of the linear and logarithmic scales. However, it may be appreciated that thehairline may be arranged in a non-perpendicular manner provided that the small scales are corresponding offset with respect to one another on the body portion and slide member in the same non-perpendicular manner.

It is a feature of the preferred aspect of this invention that a useful calculator may be provided that quickly and efficiently enables an operator to determine proportions of any one or more variables useful in the preparation of concrete mixes by greatly reducing the arithmetic calculations otherwise necessary to compute the above proportions.

It is a feature of this invention that by assembling known data relating to certain concrete mix variables, arranging the data into scalar representations and positioning the scalar representation strategically on a slide rule type calculating device which contains both linear and logarithmic scales, it is thereby possible to quickly and efficiently determine proportions of ingredient for desired concrete mixes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to the drawings, particularly FIGS. 1 to 3, the calculating device, generally indicated by I, may comprise an elongated and rectangular body porportion of the calculator tion or member 2. A linear scale 3 may be affixed to the body portion 2. The linear scale 3 may have scalar lines which are calibrated in equal increments, say from 0m 25, which extend substantially along the entire length of the body portion 2. The body portion 2 may also carry a logarithmic scale 4 which has scalar lines calibrated in logarithmic intervals, say from I to 10, and which also extend substantially along its entire length.

, The body portion 2 may be provided with an elongated slot 5 which may extend along the entire length of the body portion 2. Slidable within the body portion 2 along the elongated slot 5 there may be provided a slide member 6 which may be generally rectangular in shape and may be of equal length to the body portion Substantially along its entire length, the slide member 6 may carry a linear scale 7 having scalar lines calibrated from O to 25 in equal increments. Scale 7 may be identical in dimension to the scale 3 located on the body member 1. The slide member 6 may also carry. substantially along its length, a logarithmic scale 8. The scale 8 may be identical in dimensions to the scale 4 located on the body member 2.

There may also be situated on the body portion 2 and the slide member 6 of the calculating device 1 a plurality of scales smaller in dimension to the scales 3, 4, 7, and 8. These smaller scales may define scalar representations of different concrete mix factors.

A transparent cursor 10 may be situated to extend about both the body portion 2 and the slide member 6. This cursor 10 may be adapted to be slidably movable along the entire length of the calculating device I. The cursor 10 may carry a hairline 1] which may extend perpendicular to the length of the scales 3, 4, 7 and 8.

Referring now only to the linear scales 3 and 7 on the body portion 2 and sliding member 6, respectively, there may be associated with these scales a plurality of small scales which may be positioned adjacent thereto and which extend along their lengths. These small scales may carry scalar lines which represent and define scalar representations of different concrete mix factors useful in the preparation of concrete materials. These small scales of different concrete mix factors may be smaller in dimension than the scales 3, 4, 7 and 8, as previously mentioned. Further, the small scales may include at least one group of concrete mix factors which contain at least two variables that are interrelated in an additive or subtractive manner. That is to say, the concrete mix variables associated with scales 3 and 7 are those variables which can be added or subtracted to provide an answer which can be read on the linear scales 3or 7.

The followingare some interrelations useful. in concrete mix design which may. be either additive or subtractive:

1. ft. of aggregate 27 (ft. of H Ft. of air ft. of cement) 2. FM. (comb. agg.) K 0.lC

where F M finsnss modulus of 9 bi stiasstssa e K a constant for a given nominal size of coarse aggregate; and I C the cement content in sack per yd. 3 3. b/b0= K 0.1 F. M- sand where F.'M. =fineness modulus of sand; K =a constant for a givennominal size of coarse aggregate; and

b/bp --the apparent volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete.

EXAMPLE 1 To obtain the value of cubic feet of aggregate for a concrete 'mix, the customary terms used in the concrete trade for defining the quantity of air, water and cement, that is, the percent air, gallons per cubic yard of water and sacks per cubic yard of cement, must first be converted into a single common unit, suchas cubic feet. This conversion together with the solution to the equation 1 is automatically performed by use of the calculator as hereinafter described. The above concrete mixed factors are represented by the small scales illustrated in FIG. I and include a scalar representation of the total percent of air in the concrete from the practical range of 0 to percent (scale 12). scalar representation of gallons of mixing water from the practical range of to 60 gallons per cubic yard (scale 13) and scalar representation of sacks of cement from the practical range of 4 to 7 sacks per cubic yard (scale 14). When employing the calculating device 1 for determining the cubic footage of total aggregate in the concrete. one may set the hairline ll of the cursor. 10 on the appropriate and known percent of air on scale 12 and move slide member 6 so that the appropriate and known gallonage of water on scale 13 appears under hairline 11. The cursor 10 may then be moved across to the appropriate and known cement content on scale 14 and the volume of total aggregate may then be read under hairline 11 on scale 3. The physical manipulation of the calculating device as herein set forth automatically converts the commonly used units of air, water and cement into cubic feet units, adds the volume of air, water and cement and subtracts the total from 27 to obtain the total volume of aggregate in terms of cubic feet. It is of course understood that one skilled in the art will readily know whether the answer will be read in tens, hundreds etc. by merely knowing the range of the other variables.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, as depicted, the 0 percent air locus on scale 12 is offset on scale 3 by 8.5 units. Such an offset is purely arbitrary and is made for the convenience in positioning the scale 12 on the calculating device as hereinafter explained. it will be appreciated that in an equation of the type similar to equation 1 or those equations hereinafter set forth one can modify the equation without changing the ultimate validity by adding or subtracting any particular quantity from both sides of the equation. In terms of applying this principle to the calculating device, offsetting the 0 percent air locus point reading on scale 12 in relation to scale 3 in the manner shown in the drawings merely adds 8.5 units to one side of equation I. Compressing of the distance between scales l3 and 14 by 8.5 units acts to add the offset units to the other side of equation I. Thus the physical position of scales l2, l3 and 14 with respect to one another on the calculator 1 enables an answer to be obtained and read on scale 3 without the necessity for exceeding a reasonable sizefor the calculating device 1.

Equation l and 2 and the equations hereinafter set forth are adapted from tabular data taken from the circular entitled Proportioning Ready Mixed Concrete by Delmar L. Bloem and Stanton Walker, published by the National Sand and Gravel Association and National Ready Mixed Concrete Association, October 1963, under the Nos. NSGA Circular No. 91 and NRMCA Publication No. 114.

EXAMPLE ll In equation 2, K may have values as set forth in Table l below, depending upon maximum size of the coarse aggregate used in the concrete mix.

To find the recommended finenss modulus for the combined aggregate in equation 2, one may use the scalar representations as illustrated in the coarse aggregate size scale and the cement content scale 16 carried on the calculator. Using the calculator of this invention, one may set the hairline ll of the cursor 10 on the EXAMPLE Ill Values of K in equation 3 are set forth in Table ll below; the value of K here again varies with maximum size of coarse aggregate.

TABLE [I K 8 Coarse Aggregate Size ill) iii 0.3! V: 0.43 (L48 l (1.54 l /z In order to determine the value of the ratio b/bo, one may use the scalar representation as illustrated in the coarse aggregate size scale 17 and the fineness modulus of available sand on scale 18 carried on the calculator. Using the calculator. one may set the hairline ll of the cursor 10 on the appropriate and known maximum size of coarse aggregate on scale 17, move the slide 6 so that the experimentally determined fineness modulus for the available sandas set forth on scale 18 appears under hairline ll andthen read the value of the ratio b/bo in arbitrary units on scale 3 opposite the zero locus point on scale 7. Again the positioning and'calibration of the scales l7and 18 on the calculating device 1 automatically convert the aggregate size and fineness modulus into equivalent unit values on the scales 3 and 7, so as to enable one to directly read the numerical value of the answer on scale 3.

EXAMPLE rv mum size of coarse aggregate used that correspond with the estimated entrapped air content of non-airentraining mixes and the recommended total air content of air-cntraining mixes. Referring to a non-air entrained mix, one may set the hairline ll of the cursor 10 on the maximumsize aggregate shown in scale 20 and read directly below on scale 12 the estimated entrapped air content of a non-air-entraining mix. In the same manner, the recommended total air content of an air-entraining mix is found on scale 12 directly below the maximum size aggregate shown in scale 21. 5 Referring now only to logarithmic scales 4 and 8 on the body portion 6 and sliding member 2, respectively, there may be associated with these scales a plurality of small scales which may be positioned adjacent to the scales 4 and 8 and which may extend along the length of the body portion 2 and sliding member 6. These small scales may also be scalar representations of concrete mix factors. However. groups of these scalar representations may contain variables which are interrelated in a direct or inverse multiplicative manner.

The following are some interrelations useful in concrete mix design which may involve multiplicative or inverse multiplicative operations:

4A. Mixing Water K (Slump 24) 4B. Mixing Water K (Slump 24)/Ll Where mixing water volume of mixing water in gallonsthe slump is measured in inches and relates to a measure of the consistency or wetness of the cement mixture;

the equation 4A relates to rounded coarse aggregate;

the equation 48 relates to angular coarse aggregate; and

K is a constant at any given size of coarse aggregate as set forth in Table III below.

TABLE [I] K Size of Course Aggregate (in.) 1.66) v as 1.597

v l.5l2 1.444 1.381 [.306 7 TABLE rv Course Aggregate Size (in.) K

9 the equation 78 is used for angular coarse aggregate; and K, and K are constants at any given size of coarse aggregate as set forth in Table V below.

TABLE V Size of Coarse Aggregate (in.) K K. 7 36.8 1.

36 (round) is (angular) The following examples relate to solutions to some of the equations, above set forth, where the'concrete mix factors are interrelated in a multiplicative and inverse multiplicative manner and are thus correlatable with the logarithmic scales 4 and 8.

EXAMPLES v AND vi To determine the volume of mixing water that preferably may be usedper cubic yard of concrete, by applying the relationship of quantities as set forth in equation 4A, one may use scalar representations as illustrated in slump scale 22, water index scale 23 and coarse aggregate size scale 24 carried on the calculator. The slump scale 22 and aggregate scale 24 are scaled in inches I while the water index scale 23 contains an angular coarse aggregate scalar line 25 and a round coarse aggregate scalar line 26 both of which are arranged to make scalar adjustments for the type of coarse aggregate that is used. Knowing the desired slump value in inches, the type of coarse aggregate (angular or round) and the size of the coarse aggregates, the volume of mixing water in gallons per cubic yard may be determined by using the calculator of this invention by first placing the hairline ll ofthe cursor 10 over the known slump value as represented on scale 22. Slide 6 may then be inoved until the's calar line 25 or 26, which indi- EXAMPLE Vll The calculator is also capable of determining the 28- day compressive strength of the concrete of equation 5 taking into account the fact that, on the average, the compressive strength of concrete is lowered by approximately 5 percent for each percent of entrained air con tain'ed on the concrete. ln employing the calculator to solve equation 5', the percent entrained air scale 27, coarse aggregate size scale 28 and water-cement ratio scale 30 carried on the calculator may be used. One may place the hairline ll of the cursor 10 on the known value of the percent entrained air on scale 27. Slide 6 may then be moved so that the numerical value of one, on scale 8, appears under the hiarline 11. Without moving the slide 6, the cursor 10 may be moved to the known value of the sizeof coarse aggregate on scale 28. Slide 6 may then be moved to place the known value of the water-cement ratio on scale 30 under the hairline 11. Then one may read the 28-day compressive strength in thousands of pounds per square inch on 10 scale 4 opposite the numerical value one on the scale The calculationof the approximate reduction in the mixing water content for'air-entrained concrete of a selected cement content, as set forthin equation 6 may be made by the appropriate manipulation of the calculator with reference to scalar representations of the percent entrained air on scale 31 and cement content scale 32 carried on the calculator. The appropriate manipulation of the calculator for the aforementioned calculation may be as follows:

1. Set the hairline ll of the cursor 10 at the previously calculated or known percent entrained air content on the entrained air for water reduction scale 31.

2. Move the slide member 6 to align the hairline 11 with the previously calculated or known amount of cement in sacks for water reduction on the cement content scale 32.

3. Read the water reduction due to entrained air on the logarithmic scale 4 under the left index on logarithmic scale 8. Also, by the appropriate manipulation of the calculator with reference to equations 7A and 7B, the fineness modulus of sand on scale 33, cement content on scale 34 and size of coarse aggregateon scale 35-may be used to determine the percent sand contained in the total amount of aggregate. The appropriate manipulation of the calculation for determining the percent sand contained in the total amount of aggregate may be as follows: I

1. Set the hairline ll of the cursor 10 to the known sand fineness modulus on scale 33. (Use the top scale 33 for-l, l /2 and 2 in. coarse aggregate and the bottom scale for /2, and inch coarse aggregate.)

2. Move the slide member 6 to align the hairline 11 with the known number of sacks of cement on the cement content scale 34. (Use the left cement content scale 34 for angular coarse aggregateand the right scale 34 for round coarse aggregate.)

3. Move the hairline ll ofthe cursor 10 to the known size of aggregate on scale 35.

4. Read the percent sand. contained in the total amount of aggregate on logarithmic scale 4 on the hairline 11. Further, the calculator may further assist the concrete designer by'being provided auxiliary scales 36, 37 and 38 for conveniently converting gallons of water per yard to pounds of water, number of cement sacks to pounds, and pounds of concrete per cubic yard to pounds per cubic feet, respectively with the answers being readable on the linear scales.

The calculation of the concrete unit weight using scales 36, 37 and 38 may be made as follows:

1. Set the known coarse aggregate weight on linear scale 7 under the right hand linear scale 3 index.

2. Align the hairline ll of the cursor 10 with linear scale 7 left hand index.

3. Move the slide member 6 to align the known sand weight on the linear scale 7 with the hairline ll.

4. Align the hairline 11 with the known mixing water requirement on the water for unit weight scale 36.

5. Read the mixing water weight on the linear scale 3 under the hairline ll.

6. Read the number on the linear scale 7 under the indicator.

7. Transfer this number to the linear scale 3.

8. Align the left index of the linear scale 7 with the number transferred to the linear scale 3. I

9. Move the hairline 1 l to the cement content on the cement for unit weight scale 37.

10.'The weight of the concrete is read under the hairline 11 on the linear scale 7.

11. The weight of the concrete per cubic yard, in hundreds of pounds 2,500 is read under the hairline on the linear scale 3.

. 3. Read the sand weight on the logarithmic scale 4 under the logarithmic scale 8 index.

Still further, the calculator may determine the weight of the coarse aggregate in accordance with the following steps:

1. Set the hairline ll ofthe cursor over the known coarse aggregate volume on the logarithmic scale 4.

2. Move the slide member 6 to align the known coarse aggregate specific gravity on the aggregate specific gravity foraggregate weight scale 39 with the hairline 11.

3. Read the coarse aggregate weight on the logarithmic scale 4 under the logarithmic scale 8 index.

It is to be understood that each group of variables which are interrelated with each other may be made visibly distinct from the other groupsof variables for the convenience of the ope rator' of the calculator. Such distinction may be made by coloring the background of the scales of each group of variables which are interrelatable with the same distinct color. Alternatively, the background of the scales of each group of interrelatable variabls may be appropriately shaded with distinct shade lines. as set forth in the drawings, in order for each group ofvariables to be made visibly distinct from the other groups.

It is to be understood that the relative positions of each scale representation of each group of concrete mix factors on the calculator, as shown on the drawings, in relation to the linear scales 3 and 7 and the logarithmic scales 4 and 8 may be determined from experience and may be based. upon known data set forth in the circular Proportioning Ready Mixed Concrete, previously identified. An example of how scalar representations of concrete mix factors may be arranged on the calculator may be as follows: 1

In order to determine the reduction in water in gal.- /cu. yd. for air-entrained concrete of a given cement factor by using the calculator of this invention, the known data from the aforementioned circular (in particular FIG. 3 on page 32) may be reviewed. Using a trial and error method equation 6 may be developed.

6. Water Reduction (W.R.) 1.02 (fl-0.9) X Tan [19.7 10(7-C) ]/[Tan 19.7 "1 where A entrained air in C= cement content in sacks per yd. If we let 1 8. X= 1.02 (A 'O.9)' and 12 9. 1/Y=Tan [19.7 10 (7-C) ]/[Tan 19.7 10. then W.R.=X/Y Equation 10 may be solved by easily manipulating the fixed and movable members of a slide rule type of calculator.

The ordinary operating range of the cement content ofa concrete mix is between 4.0 and 7.0 sacks per yd." as shown in FIG. 3 ofthe circular. Knowing this cement content range, the actual value of l/Y may be determined by solving equation (9) for various ranges of cement content. Thus for the following known cement content actual values for 1 /Y and Y may be calculated (see Table VI below).

TABLE v1 C l/Y Y 4.0 3.293 .3037 4.5 2.764 .3618 5.0 2.319 .4312 5.5 1.934 .5168 6.0 1.593 .6277 6.5 1.285 .7782 .79. 3 9 0 In order that these actual values may fit on the calculator without any overlapping problem occurring, functional numbers may be used. Thus if W.R. X/Y[ see equation 10 11. then W.R. X'/Y' l2. and X Y/l" X If we arbitrarily set Y 1.000 or unity for 4 sack/yd." then Y for the other values ofC will be as set forth in Table VII Below knowing that Y'/Y= 3.293.

- TABLE VII c l/Y Y Y' 4.0 3.293 .3037 1.000 4.5 2.764 .3618 1.192 5.0 2.319 .4312 1.420 5.5 1.934 .5168 1.703 6.0 1.593 .6277 2.67 6.5 1.285 .7782 2.564 7.0 a W V W 1.000 1.000 I 3.293 7 One may then calculate the X values by inserting the ordinary operating range of the percent entrained air as shown in FIG. 3 of the circular into equation 8. The X values may be set forth in Table XIII below:

TABLE Xlll A x 2 1.075 3 1.534 4 1.900 5 2.216 6 2.499 7 2.758 a 2.998

Knowing the X values, their functional values may then be determined by using equation 12 and the functional values of X may be found in Table IX below:

TABLE 1X It will thus be apparent that if the cement from water scale 32 carries a lower limit of 4.0 sacks/cu. yd. and an upper limit of 7.0 sacks/cu. yd. the actual length of scale 32 along logarithmic scale 8 will be such that the 4 sack mark on scale 32 will coincide with the unity mark on scale 8 and the 7 sack mark on scale 32 will coincide with 3.293 mark on scale 8. This sets the dimension of scale 32. Likewise for the scale 31, the limitation of 2 and 8 percent entrained air will coincide with the marks 3.54 and 9.87 respectively on scale 4.

Functional members may then be developed for the other actual data found in the circularin order to locate suitable positions on the calculator for the other small concrete mix factor scales so that they will not overlap one another.

Many embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof; it is to be understood that the invention includes all such modification and variations as come within the scope of the claims.

I claim:

1. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having linear scales extending therealong, said linear scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least three concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor'scales including a total percent of air in concrete for aggregate volume scale (l2); an amount of mixing water for aggregate volume scale (13) and a number of sacks of cement for aggregate volume scale (14), said amount of mixing water scale (13) and number of sacks ofcement scale '(14) carried on one member and said total percent of air scale (12) carried on said other member, said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on the calculator so as to facilitate the determination of the volume of the fine and coarse aggregate of the concrete mix to be read on the linear scale of one of the members; an a cursor mounted on said body member.

2. The calculator of claim 1 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation ft. of aggregate 27 (ft. of H l" ft. of air ft.

of cement). a 3. The calculator of claim 1 also including a maximum coarse aggregate for entrapped air scale said entrapped air scale (20) being positioned on the same member of the calculator .asthe total percent of air scale (12) so as to facilitate the determination ofthe percent of entrapped air content of a non-airentraining mix to be read on the total percent of air scale (12) knowing the size of the coarse aggregate.

4G The calculatorof claim 1 also including a maximum coarse aggregate for total air scale (21), said coarse aggregate scale (21) being positioned on the same member of the calculator as the total percent of air scale (12) so as to facilitate the determination of the total percent of air content of air-entrained concrete to be read on the total percent of air scale (12) knowing the size of the coarse aggregate.

5. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having linear scales extending therealong, said linear scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least two concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members,

said concrete mix factor scales including a coarse aggregate size for the fineness modulus of the combined aggregate scale (15) and the number of sacks of cement for the fineness modulus of the combined aggregate scale (16), each of said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on a different member of the calculator so as to facilitate the determination of the fineness modulus for the combined aggregate to be read on the linear scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

6. The'calculator of claim 5 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation F.M. (combined aggregate) K 0. lC

where F.M. fineness modulus,

K a constant for a given nominal size of coarse aggregate, and

C= cement content in sacks per unit volume.

7. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; -a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having linear scales extending therealong, said linear scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least two contrete 'mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a coarse aggregate for the apparent volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete scale (17) and a fineness modulus of sand for the apparent volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete scale (18), each of said concrete mix scales being positioned on a different member of the calculator so as to facilitate an automatic determination of the apparent volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete to be read on the linear scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

8. The calculator of claim 7 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation b/bo K 0.1 F.M. (sand) where F.M. fineness modulus,

K a constant for a given nominal size of coarse aggregate, and b/bo apparent volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete.

9. A calculator useful in the determination of por tions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having logarithmic scales extending therealong, said logaritymic scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of 'at least three concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a slump for the volume of mixing water scale (22), an angular or round aggregate water index for the volume of mixing water scale (23) and a coarse aggregste size for the volume of mixing water scale (24), said water index scale (23) and coarse aggregate size scale (24) carried on one member and said slump for water scale (22) carried on said other member, said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on the calculator so as to facilitate the determination of the volume of mixing water for the concrete to be read on the logarithmic scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

10. Thecalculator of claim 9 wherein said concrete mix'factor scales are positioned on the calculator in ac cordance with the equation M. W. (round aggregate) K (Slump 24) where M. W. volume of mixing water, Slump measure of consistency or wetness of the cement mixture, and K a constant for a given size aggregate.

11. The calculator of claim 9 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation M. W. (angular) K (Slump 24)/1.1

M. W. volume of mixing water,

Slump measure of consistenty or wetness of the cement mixture, and

K a constant for a given size aggregate.

12. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having logarithmic scales extending therealong, said logarithmic scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least three concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a percent of entrained air for strength scale (27), a coarse aggregate size for strength scale (28) and a water/cement ratio for strength scale (30), said coarse aggregate scale (28) and water/cement ratio sacle (30) carried on one member and said percent of entrained air scale (27) carried on the other member, said concrete mix factor'scales being positioned on the calculator so as to facilitate the determination of the compressive strength of the concrete to be read on the logarithmic scale of one of the members;-and a cursor mounted on said body member.

13. The calculator of claim 12 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation SC 1,000Klog [12.893 W/C/lO 1 [100 where SC compressive strength after 28 days,

W/C water-cement ratio,

ac entrained air content in percent, and

K a constant for a given coarse aggregate size.

14. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes conprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, and slide member and body member having logarithmic scales extending therealong, said logarithmic scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least two concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a percent entrained air for water reduction scale (31), and the number of sacks of cement for water reduction (32), each of said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on different members of the calculators so to facilitate the determination of the amount of reduction in the mixing water content for air-entrained concrete to be read on one of the logaritymic scales of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

15. The calculator of claim 14 where said concrete mix factors are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation W.R. 1.02 (A 0.9)- X Tan [19.7 (7-C)] /Tan 19.7] where A entrained air content in percent and C= cement content in sacks per unit volume.

16. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having logarithmic scales extending therealong, said logarithmic scales being coextensive with I one another and having the same spacing and range; a

set of at least three concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a fineness modulus for percent sand scale for percent sand (33), a number of sacks of cement for percent sand scale (34) and a size of coarse aggregate for percent sand scale (35), said number of sacks of cement scale (34) and size of coarse aggregate scale (35) carried on the same member and said fineness modulus for percent sand scale (33) carried on the other member, said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on the calculator so as to facilitate the determination of the percent sand contained in the total amount of aggregate mixture to be read on the logarithmic scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

17. The calculator of claim 16 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation Sand (round aggregate) 1.000K,- [(22C)/18 [(FMs K2)/(2.65 K

where C cement sacks per unit volume,

FMs fineness modulus of sand, and

K and K are constants at any given size of coarse aggregate.

18. The calculator of claim 16 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation Sand (angular aggregate) 1.175K, [(27-C)/23 where C= cement in sacks per unit volume,

F Ms finenessmodulus of sand, and

K and i K are constants at any given size of coarse aggregate.

19. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients .for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member; said slide member and body member having linear scales extending therealong, said linear scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least three concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including an amount of water for unit weight scale (36), a number of sacks of cement for unit weight scale (37) and a unit weight scale (38), said water scale (36) and unit weight scale (38) carried on the same member and said cement scale (37) carried on the other member, said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on the calcula- 18 crete mix factor scale positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scale including an aggregate specific gravity for aggregate weight scale (39) carried on the slide member so as to determine the weight of aggregate on sand for the concrete mix knowing the volume of coarse aggregate or sand, respectively, to be used, said weight to be read on the logarithmic scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 35 814,308 Dated 1111194, 19%

Inventor Andrew Kolan It is certified that error appears in the above identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 4, line 19 "corresponding" should be M correspondingly Column 5, line 56, "b/bp" should he b/bo --D Column 8, lines 39 and 40, "[12. 893 --W/C/1()] [100-5ao/1001" should be lines 54 and "102 (A 0.91 1: Tan 19.7 10 (7-C ]/[Tan 19.7w

should he 1.02 (A .9 X Tan 19.7 10 7-0 degrees Tan 19. 7 degrees lines 59 and 60; 22-C)/(-*)] [(FM's K )/2. K should be 22-c (FMs+K 18 2. 65 K2 lines 61 and '62, "1.751 27 c 23 (FMs K2)/2. 65 K2" should be Page I 1 FORM HOSQ) USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1969 0-356-334,

Patent No. 814,308 Dated J1me 1974 I v fl Andrew Klolan.

It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Coluum 9, line 8, first column in TABLE V second numeral down "1" should be 1-1/2 line 54, "on" shmld be in (301112111112, line 29, "Y 'Y X" should b Kl X M;

in TABLE VII last column, five lines down near line 39 4 "2, 67" should be M 2., 067

Column 13, line 15, "modification" should be modifications Column 15, lines 45 and 4s, 12. 893 W/C/lO] [100 5ac/l00]" should be 12. 893 W/C 100 5ac line 55, "and" (first occurrence) should be said line 66, "calculators" should be calculator Page 2 :ORM P0405) (wes) V r uscoMM-oc 6O376-P69 U-s, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 19 0-356-331,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,814,308 Dated June 4, 1974 Inventor (S) Andrew Kola-Ln If: is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patentere hereby corrected as shown below:

Coiwnn 16, line 39, before "sack" the Word in was omitted;

line 51, before "K the, "i" should be ommed.

Column. 18, line 5, before. "semi the word "on". should be or Signed end seamed this 19th day of November 1974.

(SEAL) Attest:

MCCOY M. GIBSON JR. c. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents Page 3 FORM PO-IOSO (10-69) USCOMM-DC 603764 69 ".5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 19! O3G6-33l,

Claims (20)

1. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having linear scales extending therealong, said linear scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least three concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a total percent of air in concrete for aggregate volume scale (12); an amount of mixing water for aggregate volume scale (13) and a number of sacks of cement for aggregate volume scale (14), said amount of mixing water scale (13) and number of sacks of cement scale (14) carried on one member and said total percent of air scale (12) carried on said other member, said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on the calculator so as to facilitate the determination of the volume of the fine and coarse aggregate of the concrete mix to be read on the linear scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

2. The calculator of claim 1 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation ft.3 of aggregate 27 - (ft.3 of H2O + ft.3 of air + ft.3 of cement).

3. The calculator of claim 1 also including a maximum coarse aggregate for entrapped air scale (20), said entrapped air scale (20) being positioned on the same member of the calculator as the total percent of air scale (12) so as to facilitate the determination of the percent of entrapped air content of a non-air-entraining mix to be read on the total percent of air scale (12) knowing the size of the coarse aggregate.

4. The calculator of claim 1 also including a maximum coarse aggregate for total air scale (21), said coarse aggregate scale (21) being positioned on the same member of the calculator as the total percent of air scale (12) so as to facilitate the determination of the total percent of air content of air-entrained concrete to be read on the total percent of air scale (12) knowing the size of the coarse aggregate.

5. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having linear scales extending therealong, said linear scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least two concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a coarse aGgregate size for the fineness modulus of the combined aggregate scale (15) and the number of sacks of cement for the fineness modulus of the combined aggregate scale (16), each of said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on a different member of the calculator so as to facilitate the determination of the fineness modulus for the combined aggregate to be read on the linear scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

6. The calculator of claim 5 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation F.M. (combined aggregate) K + 0.1C where F.M. fineness modulus, K a constant for a given nominal size of coarse aggregate, and C cement content in sacks per unit volume.

7. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having linear scales extending therealong, said linear scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least two contrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a coarse aggregate for the apparent volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete scale (17) and a fineness modulus of sand for the apparent volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete scale (18), each of said concrete mix scales being positioned on a different member of the calculator so as to facilitate an automatic determination of the apparent volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete to be read on the linear scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

8. The calculator of claim 7 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation b/bo K + 0.1 F.M. (sand) where F.M. fineness modulus, K a constant for a given nominal size of coarse aggregate, and b/bo apparent volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete.

9. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having logarithmic scales extending therealong, said logaritymic scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least three concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a slump for the volume of mixing water scale (22), an angular or round aggregate water index for the volume of mixing water scale (23) and a coarse aggregste size for the volume of mixing water scale (24), said water index scale (23) and coarse aggregate size scale (24) carried on one member and said slump for water scale (22) carried on said other member, said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on the calculator so as to facilitate the determination of the volume of mixing water for the concrete to be read on the logarithmic scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

10. The calculator of claim 9 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation M.W. (round aggregate) K (Slump + 24) where M.W. volume of mixing water, Slump measure of consistency or wetness of the cement mixture, and K a constant for a given size aggregate.

11. The calculator of claim 9 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation M.W. (angular) K (Slump + 24)/1.1 where M.W. volume of mixing water, Slump measure of consistenty or wetness of the cement mixture, and K a constant for a given size aggregate.

12. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having logarithmic scales extending therealong, said logarithmic scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least three concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a percent of entrained air for strength scale (27), a coarse aggregate size for strength scale (28) and a water/cement ratio for strength scale (30), said coarse aggregate scale (28) and water/cement ratio sacle (30) carried on one member and said percent of entrained air scale (27) carried on the other member, said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on the calculator so as to facilitate the determination of the compressive strength of the concrete to be read on the logarithmic scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

13. The calculator of claim 12 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation SC28 1,000K1og1 (12.893 - W/C/10 ) (100 - 5ac/100 ) where SC28 compressive strength after 28 days, W/C water-cement ratio, ac entrained air content in percent, and K a constant for a given coarse aggregate size.

14. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes conprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, and slide member and body member having logarithmic scales extending therealong, said logarithmic scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least two concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a percent entrained air for water reduction scale (31), and the number of sacks of cement for water reduction (32), each of said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on different members of the calculators so as to facilitate the determination of the amount of reduction in the mixing water content for air-entrained concrete to be read on one of the logaritymic scales of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

15. The calculator of claim 14 where said concrete mix factors are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation W.R. 1.02 (A - 0.9).55 X Tan (19.7 + 10 (7-C)) */Tan 19.7* ) where A entrained air content in percent and C cement content in sacks per unit volume.

16. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having logarithmic scales extending therealong, said logarithmic scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least three concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including a fineness modulus for percent sand scale for percent sand (33), a number of sacks of cement for percent sand scale (34) and a size of coarse aggregate for percent sand scale (35), said number of sacks of cement scale (34) and size of coarse aggregate scale (35) carried on the same member and said fineness modulus for percent sand scale (33) carried on the other member, said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on the calculator so as to facilitate the determination of the percent sand contained in the total amount of aggregate mixTure to be read on the logarithmic scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

17. The calculator of claim 16 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation % Sand (round aggregate) 1.000K1 ((22-C)/18 ) ((FMs + K2)/(2.65 + K2)) where C cement sacks per unit volume, FMs fineness modulus of sand, and K1 and K2 are constants at any given size of coarse aggregate.

18. The calculator of claim 16 wherein said concrete mix factor scales are positioned on the calculator in accordance with the equation % Sand (angular aggregate) 1.175K1 ((27-C)/23 ) ((FMs + K2)/(2.65 + K2)) where C cement in sacks per unit volume, FMs fineness modulus of sand, and K1 and i K2 are constants at any given size of coarse aggregate.

19. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member; said slide member and body member having linear scales extending therealong, said linear scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; a set of at least three concrete mix factor scales positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scales including an amount of water for unit weight scale (36), a number of sacks of cement for unit weight scale (37) and a unit weight scale (38), said water scale (36) and unit weight scale (38) carried on the same member and said cement scale (37) carried on the other member, said concrete mix factor scales being positioned on the calculator so as to facilitate the determination of the weight of the concrete to be read on the linear scales of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

20. A calculator useful in the determination of portions of ingredients for concrete mixes comprising a body member; a slide member slidably positioned within said body member, said slide member and body member having linear scales extending therealong, said linear scales being coextensive with one another and having the same spacing and range; at least one concrete mix factor scale positioned on said members, said concrete mix factor scale including an aggregate specific gravity for aggregate weight scale (39) carried on the slide member so as to determine the weight of aggregate on sand for the concrete mix knowing the volume of coarse aggregate or sand, respectively, to be used, said weight to be read on the logarithmic scale of one of the members; and a cursor mounted on said body member.

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