US3811923A - Fiber fleece containing a polymeric reinforcing material - Google Patents

Fiber fleece containing a polymeric reinforcing material Download PDF

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US3811923A
US3811923A US19289971A US3811923A US 3811923 A US3811923 A US 3811923A US 19289971 A US19289971 A US 19289971A US 3811923 A US3811923 A US 3811923A
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fleece
fibers
reinforcing material
per cent
weight
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K Hammer
H Porrmann
L Klenk
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/488—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with bonding agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/50—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
    • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/643—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
    • D06M15/6436—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain containing amino groups
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/10—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with styrene-butadiene copolymerisation products or other synthetic rubbers or elastomers except polyurethanes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/16—Molding foamed polypropylen articles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/19—Inorganic fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/904—Artificial leather
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/2395—Nap type surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23986—With coating, impregnation, or bond
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2962—Silane, silicone or siloxane in coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a fiber fleece based on synthetic fibers and containing a polymeric organic reinforcing material, and having, at a proportion of polymeric elastic reinforcing material of at least 10 per cent by weight and not more than 80 per cent by weight, calculated on the total weight of a base fleece having a density between 0.1 and 0.28 g/cm, a tensile strength of at least 0.01 kg/mm a tear propagation resistance of at least 7 kg/mm (according to 1UP 8), and a tensile stress or not more than 0.03 kg/mm measured in a tensile elongation test at an elongation of 10 per cent.
  • the present invention relates to a fiber fleece which contains a polymeric elastic reinforcing material. Further, the invention relates to a process for the production of such fiber fleece.
  • the present invention is concerned with the use of a fleece of this type as an intermediate product for the manufacture of a leather substitute, the leather substitute being produced by applying a microporous covering layer of plastic material, preferably of polyurethane, to the fleece.
  • Fiber fleeces are known in which the fibers are bonded by means of an adhesive. Fleeces bonded in this manner have the desired high tensile strength, but they are stiff and, therefore, cannot be used for application purposes where a soft feel of the material or the formation of textile-like folds are a prerequisite, or where it is required that the material have the suppleness of leather.
  • None of the known fiber fleeces has the foldability and drapability of textile materials, or possesses the soft feel and flexibility resembling those of natural leather.
  • the present invention provides a fiber fleece which does not have the drawbacks of theknown, chemically bonded fiber fleeces and which, because of its physical characteristics, its drapability and its flexibility, is suitable as a base material for processing into airpermeable multilayer materials from which shoe uppers, garments, upholstery materials, and fancy leather articles can be manufactured.
  • the invention is concerned with a process for the production of such fleece.
  • the fiber fleece of the invention contains an organic polymer reinforcing material and, at a proportion of reinforcing material of at least per cent by weight and at the most 80 per cent by weight, based on the total weight of a base fleece having a density in the range from 0.1 to 0.28 g/cm, the fiber fleece has a tensile strength of at least 0.01 kglmm a tear propagation resistance of at least 7 kg/mm, and a tensile stress of not more than 0.03 kg/mm measured at an elongation of 10 per cent in a tensile elongation test.
  • the invention is concerned with the use of the fleece according to the invention as a base material for the manufacture of airpermeable synthetic material of leather-like characteristics, in sheet form, for the manufacture of garments, shoes, upholstery materials, and fancy leather articles.
  • the particular characteristics of the fleece according to the invention are a result of its physical parameters, and the parameters are caused by the particular structure of the fleece.
  • the individual fibers are coated with a synthetic material whose adhesion to the fiber surface is such that it cannot be washed away, whereas it has no adhesion, or substantially no adhesion, towards the organic elastic polymeric reinforcing material adjacent to it, which permeates the fleece and surrounds the individual fibers of the fleece.
  • the abovedescribed preferred modification of the process may be further varied, in a particularly advantageous manner, in that an impregnating liquid is caused to act upon the fleece in which the proportion of swelling agent exceeds that of the coating substance, the fleece is then rinsed in order to free it from excess impregnating liquid, dried at room temperature, and then further treated as described above.
  • This particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention may be further modified in that, after impregnation and removal of excess impregnating liquid, the fleece is subjected for 30 seconds to 10 minutes to a heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 100 to 180 C., and that the process is then completed as described above.
  • Suitable fleeces which may be used as base materials for performing the process of the invention are matted fiber fleeces based on synthetic fibers. They consist either exclusively of synthetic fibers, or half of their fibers are synthetic fibers and the other half are natural fibers, or they are predominantly composed of synthetic fibers and contain only a. small proportion of natural fibers.
  • the fleeces are densified by needling, a needling rate of 200 to 600 stitches per cm being preferred.
  • the synthetic fibers contained in such fleeces may be of polyacrylonitrile, of polyamide, or of polypropylene, and in particular of fibers of such materials which are capable of longitudinal shrinkage under the influence of heat. Polyethylene terephthalate fibers having this characteristic are particularly advantageous.
  • Suitable mixed fiber fleeces are those which contain from 75 to 50 per cent by weight of polyester fibers and 25 to 50 per cent by weight of chemically different synthetic fibers, for example polyamide fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, or polypropylene fibers, a mixing ratio of 1 1 between polyester fibers and chemically, different fibers being preferred. Further, fibers may be used which consist of polyester fibers in the proportion stated above, and natural fibers.
  • Suitable natural fibers are fibers of wool or other animal hair, as also cotton, hemp, jute, sisal or flax fibers.
  • the synthetic fibers have a thickness of 0.8 to 3.5 dtex,preferablybetween 1.2 and l .Z dtex. HM
  • the base fleece has a density in the range from 0.1 g/cm to 0.28 g/cm, preferably from 0.14 to 0.2 g/cm.
  • the expression base fleece means a needled fleece containing neither a coating substance nor a reinforcing material.
  • the needled fleeces have a weight per unit area in the range from 50 to 400 g/m preferably in the range from 100 to 250 glm
  • Suitable reinforcing materials are elastic polymers, such as synthetic rubber, polyacrylates, especially elastomers, and most advantageously butadiene-acrylonitrile-methacrylic acid copolymers, and polyurethane. Natural rubber also may be used as a reinforcing material.
  • Elastic polymers are those polymers which show a plastic-elastic solidification behavior similar to that of rubber within a temperature range between -20 C. and +50 C.
  • the expression elastomers means the polymers listed on page 154 of Textbook of Polymer Chemistry, New York, 1957 (Bielmeyer).
  • the reinforcing material is introduced into the fleece in the form of a liquid solution or dispersion of an elastic polymer, for example by impregnating the fleece with the liquid.
  • Suitable solvents or dispersing agents for the polymer reinforcing material are only those which do not dissolve or swell the fibers of the fleece.
  • the following solvents may be used for the preparation of a liquid solution of the polymeric elastic reinforcing material: dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and, in the case of polyurethane, tetrahydrofuran.
  • Water may be used as a dispersing agent for synethetic rubber or acrylate dispersions.
  • the solution or dispersion of the high-polymer elastic reinforcing material has a solids content in the range of 10 to 70 per cent by weight.
  • the density of the fleece is determined by the IUP 5 method.
  • the fleece according to the invention contains a proportion of reinforcing material of to 80 per cent by weight, based on the total weight of the fleece, the pre ferred range being from 30 to 65 per cent by weight.
  • the fleece according to' the invention which contains a polymeric elastic reinforcing material has a weight per unit per area in the range of 60 to 600 g/m, preferably in the range from 200 to 600 g/m.
  • the liquid which contains the synthetic coating substance and is applied to the fleece during the first process step will be designated in the following as the impregnating liquid.”
  • the expression synthetic coating substances includes those chemical substances which are capable of forming on the surface of the fibers a coating which, after sufficient heat action upon the fibers coated with the substance, forms a wash'proof union with the fiber surface, due to the good adhesion between the fiber surface and the coating caused by heat action.
  • Suitable coating substances which may be applied in the form of solutions or dispersions in solvents or dispersing agents which do not swell the fibers of the fleece, are the following: ethylene ureas of the following general formula /CH1 RNH(
  • R is an aliphatic chain with 14 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • Cross-linkable polymers which are suitable have perfluorinated aliphatic side chains containing from 6 to 14, preferably from eight to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the perfluorinated cross-linkable aliphatic side chain may be attached to the carboxyl group of the polymer via a sulfonamide group.
  • a fleece whose fibers have been impregnated with one of these coating substances will be designated in the following as the impregnated fleece.”
  • the fleece contains from 2 to 20 per cent by weight, preferably from 5 to 15 per cent by weight, based on the weight of the impregnated fleece, of a synthetic coating substance of the above-mentioned chemical structure which is capable of forming a wash-proof coating on the surface of the fibers.
  • the coating substance must have the inherent characteristic that there is no cohesion, or substantially no physical cohesion, between adjoining surfaces of the coating and of the reinforcing material, i.e., that the cohesion between these two surfaces is only such that a sliding displacement of the surfaces relative to each other is possible under the action of external mechanical forces upon the fleece, for example when the fleece is bent or stretched.
  • the coating substance is incorporated in the fleece in the form of a liquid solution or dispersion, for example. by immersing the fleece in the liquid and then evaporating the solvent or dispersing agent, e.g. by causing sufficient heat to act upon the fleece.
  • those solvents are preferred as do not dissolve or swell the fibers of the fleece, e.g. water.
  • Suitable dispersing agents for the preparation of the liquid dispersion of a coating substance are those which do not dissolve the fibers of the fleece, for example water.
  • the proportion of coating substance in the impregnating liquid used in the first process step is in the range from 2 to 30 per cent by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid, a range of 6 to 12 per cent by weight being preferred.
  • the impregnating liquid contains liquid halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, benzene compounds with free phenolic OH groups, and esters of higher molecular weight fatty acids and polyhydric aliphatic alcohlics, or of multi-valent aliphatic carboxylic acids and long-chain aliphatic alcohols.
  • the liquid halogenated, preferably chlorinated, aliphatic hydrocarbons may be saturated or unsaturated.
  • Suitable saturated chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons are, e.g., 1,1,l-trichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride.
  • Liquid chlorinated unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are preferred, however, in particular trichloroethylene and, above all, perchloroethylene. Mixtures of these hydrocarbons also may be employed.
  • liquid halogenated hydrocarbons also may be used as solvents, for rinsing the impregnated fleece.
  • Benzene compounds with free phenolic OH groups which are particularly suitable are, e.g., p-cresol, o-
  • cresol, oxybenzoic acid, and salicylic acid methyl ester; phenol is preferred.
  • Mixtures of these components may also be employed, for example a mixture of the preferred phenol with salicylic acid methyl ester.
  • the benzene compound with a free phenolic OH group which is contained in the impregnating liquid, acts as a swelling agent for the fibers of the fleece.
  • the impregnating liquid convtains a chemical substance in the form of an ester
  • the esters may be of higher molecular weight fatty acids and polyhydric aliphatic alcohols, in which case the fatty acid components of the ester may be unsaturated, but is preferably saturated.
  • the esters may be of multi-valent aliphatic carboxylic acids and long-chain monovalent aliphatic alcohols. In this case, the aliphatic alcohols preferably are saturated, but also may be unsaturated. Mixtures of these esters also may be used.
  • the following chemicals are particularly suitable for forming a coating upon the fibers according to the preferred embodiment of the process: citric acid monostearyl ester, glycol-dioleate, but'more preferably the glycol-monooleate, glycerol-disterate, and more preferably the glycerol-monostearate, erythritoldipalmitate, and in particular erythritolmonopalmitate, sorbitol-monostearate, and sorbitoldistearate.
  • these preferred coating substances glycerol-monostearate can be used with particular advantage.
  • the benzene compound with the free phenolic OH group is present in excess, or the chemical coating substance for the fibers, i.e., the above-mentioned esters, or the two components are contained in the impregnating liquid in equal quantities.
  • the impregnated fleece is subjected for a period of 30 seconds to 10 minutes to a temperature between 100 and 180 C., after excess impregnating liquid has been removed by rinsing.
  • the impregnated fleece is rinsed with a solvent and then dried at room temperature. Subsequently, the impregnated fleece obtained by one of these processes is soaked in a solution or dispersion of an elastomeric reinforcing material, the elastomer is coagulated, and the fleece is subjected for a period ranging from 2 to 30 minutes to a temperature between 100 and 180 C.
  • wash-proof anchoring of the coating substance to the fibers of the fleece is effected by the heat-treatment from 30 seconds to 10 minutes at temperatures in the range from to C., which takes place after the fleece has been impregnated.
  • the effect of the fiber-binder separation may be considerably increased by using an impregnating liquid in which the quantity of swelling agent exceeds that of the coating substance, in which case de-swelling of the fibers of the fleece takes place only after the binder has been incorporated in the fleece, viz. during the drying process, while heat in the range of 100 to 180 C. is caused to act for a period of 2 to 30 minutes upon the fleece.
  • heat in the range of 100 to 180 C. is caused to act for a period of 2 to 30 minutes upon the fleece.
  • the coating substance disposed on the fibers and the reduction of the crosssection of the fibers which takes place after incorporation of the binder are responsible for the particularly easy relative displaceability between the fibers and the elastic reinforcing material surrounding them.
  • the coating substance is regarded as bonded to the fiber surfaces in a wash-proof manner, when the adhesion between the fiber surface and the coating substance is such that no separation, or substantially no separation, of the coating substance from the fiber surface can be observed when the material is mechanically washed times at a temperature of 60 C. in accordance with DIN method No. 54010.
  • washing liquid is suitable 5 grams of soap and 2 grams of calcined sodium carbonate per liter of fluid; washing time 30 minutes at 60 C.; bath ratio 1 50.
  • the polymeric reinforcing material is contained in the fleece not in the form of a plurality of discrete polymer particles, but instead forms a coherent structure by which the pores of the fleece are more or less filled, depending upon the quantity of reinforcing material employed.
  • the fibers are totally or partially sourrounded by the reinforcing material.
  • the coating substance which, on the one hand, adheres so firmly to the fiber surface that it cannot be washed off, while, on the other hand, there is no cohesion, or substantially no cohesion, between the surface of the coating substance and the surface of the polymer reinforcing material adjoining it, so that a parallel displacement of the two surfaces relative to each other is possible.
  • the binder permeates the fleece in a similar manner as in the fleece according to the invention, but the adhesive power between the surface of the fibers and the adjoining surface of the polymeric binder is so strong in known fleeces of this type that it is impossible to displace the fiber surface relative to the surface of the polymer binder surrounding it.
  • the fleece according to the invention such displacement is possible due to its particular structure. This particular structure is responsible for the particularly advantageous physical data and the favorable qualities of the-fleece according to the invention, which render it suitable for the purposes mentioned above.
  • a needled matted fiber fleece consisting of polyester fibers is treated with a liquid solution or dispersion of a coating substance, for example by immersing the fleece in a bath consisting of the liquid and then removing excess liquid, e.g. by squeezing. For the soaking process, a bath ratio of 1 is of particular advantage.
  • the fleece is then subjected for 2 to 20 minutes to a heat treatment at temperatures in the range from 100 to 180 C.
  • any dispersing agent or solvent present in the fleece is driven off, and on the other hand the heat action causes a wash-proof anchoring of the coating substance to the surface of the fibers.
  • Heating of the fleece is performed in known manner, for example by using a tenter drier.
  • a liquid containing the high molecular weight polymeric elastic reinforcing material in dissolved or dispersed form is incorporated in known manner in the impregnated fleece.
  • This may be effected, e.g., in an impregnating bath.
  • the impregnating liquid has a solids content ranging from 10 to 70 per cent by w eLght, preferably from 30 to 50 per cent by weight of reinforcing material, calculated on thetotal weight of the liquid.
  • the polymeric reinforcing material is then coagulated in the fleece. Coagulation may be caused, in known manner, by treatment of the impregnated fleece with a coagulating liquid which is miscible with the solvent or dispersing agent, but does not dissolve the polymeric reinforcing material.
  • water may be used as a liquid coagulating agent, especially when the reinforcing material is dissolved in an organic, water-miscible solvent.
  • aqueous dispersion of the reinforcing material is used, coagulation of the polymeric reinforcing material is caused, in known manner, by heat action.
  • the fleece After coagulation of the polymer reinforcing material, the fleece is substantially freed from the solvent or dispersing agent used for the polymer, e.g. by causing heat in the range of 100 to 180 C. to act upon the fleece until it is sufficiently dry.
  • This heat treatment may take place, for example, in a drying cabinet or a tenter drier.
  • a needled matted fiber fleece consisting of polyester fibers is treated with an impregnating liquid in which the quantity of chemical coating substance, i.e., the ester component, exceeds that of the swelling'agent, i.e., the benzene compounds with free phenolic OH groups, or in which both components are present in equal quantities, for example by immersing the fleece in a bath containing the impregnating liquid.
  • the fleece is then removed from the impregnating bath and freed from excess impregnating liquid by thoroughly rinsing it in a solvent bath.
  • a bath ratio of 1 20 is particularly advantageous.
  • the fleece is subjected for a period ranging from 10 seconds to 10 minutes to a heat treatment at temperatures ranging from to C.
  • a liquid containing the polymeric elastic reinforcing material is dissolved or dispersed form is incorporated in known manner in the impregnated fleece, e.g., by means of an impregnating bath.
  • the impregnating liquid has a solids content in the range of 20 to 70 per cent by weight, preferably from 30 to 50 per cent by weight, of reinforcing material, based on the total weight of the liquid.
  • the polymeric reinforcing material is then coagulated in the fleece. Coagulation may be caused in known manner, e.g., by treating the impregnated fleece with a coagulating agent which is miscible with the solvent or dispersing agent, but does not dissolve the polymeric reinforcing material.
  • Water is particularly suitable as a coagulating agent when the reinforcing material is dissolved in a watermiscible organic solvent.
  • a coagulating agent when the reinforcing material is dissolved in a watermiscible organic solvent.
  • the polymeric reinforcing matterial is coagulated in known manner by heat action, e.g. at temperatures in the range of 38 to 45 c.
  • the fleece After coagulation of the polymeric reinforcing material in the fleece, the fleece is substantially freed from the solvent or dispersing agent for the polymer, for example by heating it for 2 to 30 minutes to temperatures between 100 and 180 C. until it is sufficiently dry.
  • a drying cabinet or a tenter drier may be used for this heat treatment.
  • an impregnating liquid is used in which the quantity of swelling agent exceeds that of the coating substance.
  • the impregnated fleece is freed from excess impregnating liquid in the above described manner, dried at room temperature, and then the elastic polymeric reinforcing material is incorporated therein as described above.
  • the fleece After coagulation of the plastic polymeric reinforcing material by heat action, the fleece is subjected for a period from 2 to 30 minutes to heat action at temperatures between 100 and 180 C.
  • this heat treatment takes place in a drying cabinet or a tenter drier supplied with hot air.
  • the fibers With an impregnating liquid of the above described composition, the fibers are de-swollen by the heat treatment, i.e., the solvent and the swelling agent are removed from the fibers and their cross-section is reduced, thus separating the surfaces of the fibers from the polymeric reinforcing materal surrounding them.
  • a wash-proof anchoring of the coating substance to the fiber surfaces is effected.
  • the last-mentioned modification of the inventive process may be further modified in that, after impregnation of the fleece and removal of excess impregnating liquid, the fleece is subjected to a heat treatment for seconds to 10 minutes, at temperatures of 100 to 180 C., and then further processed as described.
  • numeral 1 denotes a fiber
  • numeral 2 denotes the surface of a fiber carrying a coating of synthetic material
  • numeral 3 denotes the porous elastic polymeric reinforcing material.
  • the fleece is then squeezed off, dried for 10 minutes in a tenter drier by the action of heat at 1 10 C., and finally treated for 2 minutes at 140 C. in the tenter drier, thus causing a cross-linking of the coating substance on the surface of the fibers.
  • the thus impregnated fleece is then soaked in known manner in a 50 per cent by weight aqueous dispersion of a butadiene/acrylonitrilelmethacrylic acid terpolymer (Perbunan N 3405 M, a product of Wegriken Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany), squeezed off, and then coagulated in known manner by heat action and dried for 20 minutes in a drying cabinet at 150 C.
  • the fleece has a tearpropagation resistance of 7 kg/mm (by 1UP 8) and is very flexible. During tearing, a sliding of the elastomer from the fibers can be observed.
  • Proportion of elastomer 58 per cent by weight.
  • The'fleece produced in this manner may be used as a substrate for synthetic leather of the box sides type.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A fiber fleece according to Example 1 is soaked in a bath consisting of an 8 per cent by weight aqueous dispersion of dimethyl polysiloxane (Primenit" SW, a product of Farbwerke Hoechst A.G., Frankfurt- Hocchst, Germany) and then squeezed of. The fleece is dried for 7 minutes by the action of warm air at 120 C. and then treated for 30 seconds with air at a temperature of 150 C. in a tenter drier. The softening characteristics imparted by this silicone treatment exceed the water-repellent properties.
  • Primarymenit SW a product of Farbwerke Hoechst A.G., Frankfurt- Hocchst, Germany
  • the fleece is impregnated with a per cent by weight aqueous dispersion of a butadiene-actylonitrilemethacrylic acid terpolymer (Perbunan N 3405 M) which also contains 2.5 per cent by weight of titanium dioxide, and is then squeezed off.
  • the fleece is then heated in a tenter drier, thus causing a coagulation of the polymer in the fleece.
  • Very flexible fleeces having a tear propagation resistance between 8 and 10 kg/mm (by 1UP 8) are thus obtained.
  • the fleece produced in this manner. is particularly suitable for use as a substrate from which synthetic leather is prepared which is comparable to leather of the box sides type in its mechanical properties.
  • the elastomer content of the fleece is about 62 per cent by weight, based on the total weight of the fleece.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A fiber fleece corresponding to that used in Example 1 is impregnated with a liquid which contains, per liter of water, g of cross-linkable hydrogen methyl polysiloxane (e.g. Arkophob SN, a product of Farbwerke Hoechst A. G., Frankfurt-Hoechst, Germany) and 7 g of zirconium oxychloride as a catalyst (bath ratio 1 20), then squeezed off, dried for 8 minutes at C., and then treated for 3 minutes at a temperature of C. in a tenter drier. By this treatment, the methyl polysiloxane disposed on the surface of the fibers is caused to cross-link.
  • cross-linkable hydrogen methyl polysiloxane e.g. Arkophob SN, a product of Farbwerke Hoechst A. G., Frankfurt-Hoechst, Germany
  • zirconium oxychloride as a catalyst
  • the fleece is then impregnated in known manner with a 50 per cent aqueous dispersion of a butadiene/acrylonitrile/methacrylic acid terpolymer (Perbunan N 3405 M) containing 2.5 parts by weight of titanium dioxide (calculated on the solids content), and then coagulated by heating to 38 to 40C.
  • a substantially complete separation of the elastomer from the fibers is thus achieved, which results in a tear propagation resistance of the fleece of 9 kg/mm (by [UP 8) and high flexibility.
  • fleeces produced in this manner may be used as a base material for the production of a leather substitute of the box sides type.
  • the elastomer content of the fleece is about 61 per cent by weight, and its elasticity resembles that of natural box sides leather.
  • EXAMPLE 4a A fiber fleece corresponding to that used in Example 1 is impregnated in a 30 per cent by weight aqueous dispersion of a corss-linkable polymer containing perfluorinated aliphatic side chains (so-called Scotchgard compounds, for example Oleophobol PC 218, a product of Chemische Fabrik Pfersee GmbH., Augsburg, Gerrnany).
  • the bath ratio is l 20.
  • the thus impregnated fleece is squeezed off and then dried for 3 minutes at 120C.
  • the fleece is treated with a dilute solution of a wetting agent (e.g. Marlon A, a product of Chemische Werke l-luls A.G., Marl, Germany) before it is impregnated with a reinforcing material, thoroughly q ms raqs jh n q lseqiwhik etrw tb a .5 per cent aqueous disperion of a butadiene/acrylonitrile/methacrylic acid terpolymer (Perbunan N 3405 M )containing 2.5 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, based on the solids content.
  • a wetting agent e.g. Marlon A, a product of Chemische Werke l-luls A.G., Marl, Germany
  • the fleece may be used as a support for processing into a flexible leather substitute resembling a relatively coarse leather of the box sides type.
  • EXAMPLE 4b A particularly uniform coverage of the fiber surface with the coating substance is achieved when using a cross-linkable polymer having perfluorinated aliphatic side chains, in combination with a polymer based on a melamine/formaldehyde precondensate (e.g. Arkofix NM, a product of Farbwerke Hoechst A.G., Frankfurt-Hochst, Germany).
  • a cross-linkable polymer having perfluorinated aliphatic side chains in combination with a polymer based on a melamine/formaldehyde precondensate (e.g. Arkofix NM, a product of Farbwerke Hoechst A.G., Frankfurt-Hochst, Germany).
  • a fiber fleece of the type used in Example 1 is impregnated with a finishing bath containing 100 g. of Arkofix NM, 10 g of magnesium chloride CMgCl and g of a cross-linkable polymer with perfluorinated aliphatic side chains (for example Oleophobol PC 218) per liter of water.
  • the fleece is squeezed off and dried for 3 minutes at 120C. Then it is exposed for 2 minutes to a temperature of 150C in a tenter drier, whereupon the precondensate condenses and enters into a cross-linking reaction with the cross-linkable polymer having the aliphatic side chains.
  • a fiber fleece such as the one used in Example 1 is impregnated with a liquid containing, per liter of water, 80 g of an urea/formaldehyde precondensate (Arkofix NHL, a product of Farbwerke l-loechst A.G., Frankfurt-Hochst, Germany), 30 g of a product based on a cross-linkable polymer with perfluorinated aliphatic side chains (e.g. Oleophobol P 68, a product of Chemische Fabrik Pfersee, Augsburg, Germany), and 8 g of ammonium chloride.
  • Alkofix NHL a product of Farbwerke l-loechst A.G., Frankfurt-Hochst, Germany
  • a product based on a cross-linkable polymer with perfluorinated aliphatic side chains e.g. Oleophobol P 68, a product of Chemische Fabrik Pfersee, Augsburg,
  • the thus impregnated fleece is then squeezed off, dried for 5 minutes at 120C, and then subjected for 2 minutes to a temperature of l50 C in a tenter drier, so that the urea/formaldehyde precondenstae completes its condensation reaction and undergoes a cross-linking reaction with the cross-linkable polymer with perfluorinated side chains.
  • the fleeces thus produced have very marked waterand oil-repellent qualities. Therefore, the impregnated fleece is advantageously first soaked in a solution of a wetting agent (e.g.
  • the fleeces thus produced may be used as base materials for the production of a leather substitute which corresponds in its mechanical properties to leather of the box calf type.
  • the tear propagation resistance values are around 8-9 kg/mm.
  • the elastomer content of the fleece is 61 per cent, calculated on the total weight of the fleece.
  • EXAMPLE 6 A fiber fleece according to Example 1 is pretreated as described in Example 3 but instead of being impregnated with an elastomer dispersion as in Example 3 and then coagulated and so on, it is impregnated with a polyurethane solution (Caprolan" a product of Lemforder Kunststoff GmbH., Lemforde, Germany), Coagulated with water, and so on.
  • a polyurethane solution Caprolan" a product of Lemforder Kunststoff GmbH., Lemforde, Germany
  • the material is pretreated with an aqueous dispersion and bonded with a polyurethane solution.
  • a matted fiber fleece consisting of 50 per cent by weight of polyester fibers capable of shrinking under heat influence and 50 per cent by weight of polyamide fibers (staple length 30 mm, titer 1.3 dtex) and having a density of 0.1 g/cm is impregnated with an aqueous p s qnsqmaiains. 8 s t lx Re ulates? (Primenit SW) per liter of water (bath ratio 1 30), then squeezed off, dried for 5 minutes at 120C, and then treated for 2 minutes at 150C in a tenter drier.
  • the fleece is impregnated with a 50 per cent by weight aqueous dispersion of a butadiene/acrylonitrile/methacrylic acid terpolymer (Perbunan N 3405 M) having a solids content of 50 per cent, and the elastomer is then coagulated in known manner by heat action and dried at 150C.
  • a butadiene/acrylonitrile/methacrylic acid terpolymer Perbunan N 3405 M
  • a very flexible fleece is thus produced which has a binder content of 65 percent and possesses a tear propagation resistance of 7 kg/mm (by IUP 8).
  • a matted fiber fleece consisting of 50 per cent by weight of polyester fibers capable of length reduction under heat influence and 50 per cent by weight of polyamide fibers (staple length 30 mm, titer 1.3 dtex) and having a density of 0.26 g/cm is impregnated with an aqueous dispersion containing g of hydrogen methyl polysiloxane (Arkophob SN) and 8 g of zirconium oxychloride as a catalyst per liter of water. The bath ratio is l 30.
  • the fleece is then squeezed out and dried for 5 minutes at C. Subsequently, a stream of air heated to C is caused to act for 3 minutes upon the fleece.
  • the fleece pretreated in this manner is impregnated in known manner with an aqueous dispersion of a butadiene/acrylonitrile/methacrylic acid terpolymer (Perbunan N 3405 M, solids content 50 per cent) and the elastomer is then coagulated by heat action.
  • a butadiene/acrylonitrile/methacrylic acid terpolymer Perbunan N 3405 M, solids content 50 per cent
  • the fleece thus produced may be used as a substrate for the production of synthetic leather of the box calf type.
  • EXAMPLE 9 A matted fiber fleece consisting of 50 per cent by weight of heat-shrinkable polyester fibers and 50 per cent by weight of polyamide fibers, which has fibers of a staple length of 30 mm and a titer of 1.3 dtex, a weight per unit area of 250 g/m and a density of 0. l4 g/cm and has been needled at a rate of 400 stitches per cm is treated for minutes, at room temperature, in a container filled with an impregnating liquid containing 30 g of phenol and 50 g of glycerol monostearate per liter of perchloroethylene. The bath ratio is 1 30.
  • the fleece is then removed from the bath and rinsed in another bath filled with pure perchloroethylene, removed from this bath, and finally dried for 30 seconds at 120C in a tenter drier. Subsequently, the fleece is impregnated in a trash. n a nirsa ilrsrssat q ous dispersion of a butadiene/acrylonitrile/methacrylic acid terpolymer (Perbunan N 3405 M), and the polymer is coagulated by heating the fleece to 38 to 40C. The fleece treated in this manner is then dried for minutes at 160C in a drying cabinet.
  • the tear propagation resistance (by IUP 8) of the material is 7 kg/mm.
  • the fleece produced in this manner is suitable for use as a base material for synthetic leather of the box sides type.
  • EXAMPLE l0 The procedure described in Example 9 is repeated, except that the impregnating liquid applied to the fiber fleece during the first step of the process contains 10 g of phenol and g of glycerol monostearate per liter of perchloroethylene.
  • EXAMPLE 1 l The procedure described in Example 9 is repeated, except that the impregnating liquid contains 15 g of phenol and 30 g of glycerol monostearate per liter of perchloroethylene.
  • EXAMPLE 12 The procedure described in Example 9 is repeated, except that the impregnating liquid contains 40 g of phenol and 60 g of glycerol monostearate per liter of perchloroethylene.
  • EXAMPLE 13 A fiber fleece as described in Example 9 is treated in the manner described in said example with an impregnating liquid containing'30 g of phenol and 10 g of glycerol monostearate per liter of perchloroethylene. After a treatment of 10 minutes, the fleece is rinsed in pure perchloroethylene and then dried at room temperature in the open air. The fleece shows a considerable increase in weight, by up to more than 20 per cent by weight as compared with the untreated fleece, which is caused by a considerable swelling of the fibers. The cross-section of the polyamide fibers is extended by swelling, whereas the polyester fibers absorb the swelling agent or solvent without extending their crosssection. When kept at room temperature, the fibers remain swollen for a relatively long period of time.
  • the fleece treated as described above is impregnated in known manner with an aqueous dispersion of a butadiene/acrylonitrile/methacrylic acid terpolymer (Perbunan N 3405 M), then squeezed off to remove excess impregnating liquid, coagulated by heat treatment at 38 to 40C, washed, and finally dried for 5 minutes at 160C. During the drying process, the fibers are deswollen, i.e., the swelling agents and solvents are evaporated from the fibers.
  • the bonded fleeces thus produced are very flexible and their rolling and bending behavior resembles that of leather.
  • the proportion of elastomer is about per cent by weight, based on the total weight of the fleece.
  • the resistance to tear propagation (measured according to lUP 8) is 8 kg/mm (box calf).
  • EXAMPLE 14 The procedure described in Example 13 is repeated, except that the impregnating liquid used in the first process step contains 40 g of phenol and 15 g of glycerol monostearate per liter of perchloroethylene.
  • EXAMPLE 15 The procedure described in Example 13 is repeated, except that the impregnating liquid contains 50 g of phenol and 20 g of glycerol monostearate per liter of perchloroethylene.
  • EXAMPLE 16 The procedure described in Example 13 is repeated, except that the impregnating liquid contains 60 g of phenol and 30 g of glycerol monostearate per liter of perchloroethylene.
  • the sliding properties of the fibers with respect to the binder are varied.
  • EXAMPLE 17 A matted fiber fleece as described in Example 9. is treated for :10 minutes in a liquid'containing 50 g of phenol and 30 g of citric acid maab's'iearaie per liter of perchloroethylene.
  • a supple fleece is thus produced which has a tear propagation resistance of 7 kg/mm (measured according to lUP 8) and may be used as a substrate for the production of synthetic leather of the box sides type.
  • EXAMPLE 18 A matted fiber fleece of the type described in Example 9 is treated for 8 minutes in a trough filled with an impregnating liquid which contains 30 g of phenol and 50 g of glycol monooleate per liter of perchloroethylene. Subsequently, the fleece is washed in pure perchloroethylene and exposed for minutes to a temperature of 150C in a tenter drier. The fleece is then impregnated with a 50 per cent by weight aqueous dispersion of a butadiene/acrylonitrile/methacrylic acid terpolymer (Perbunan N 3405 M), squeezed off, coagulated by heat action at 38 to 40C, and dried for 15 minutes at 160C.
  • an impregnating liquid which contains 30 g of phenol and 50 g of glycol monooleate per liter of perchloroethylene. Subsequently, the fleece is washed in pure perchloroethylene and exposed for minutes to a temperature of 150C in a
  • the tear propagation resistance of the fleece thus produced is around 7 kg/mm (measured according to [UP 8).

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US05192899 1970-10-30 1971-10-27 Fiber fleece containing a polymeric reinforcing material Expired - Lifetime US3811923A (en)

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DE19702053497 DE2053497A1 (de) 1970-10-30 1970-10-30 Polymeres Verfestigungsmaterial enthal tendes Faservlies und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE19702053442 DE2053442A1 (de) 1970-10-30 1970-10-30 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines polymeres Verfestigungsmaterial enthaltendes Faservlies

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US4017651A (en) * 1974-03-30 1977-04-12 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Pre-treatment of non-wovens
US4037010A (en) * 1976-08-02 1977-07-19 Hughes Aircraft Company Organic composites with in-situ formed fibers and extensible matrix
DE2741527A1 (de) * 1976-09-16 1978-04-27 Toray Industries Bogenmaterial und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
JPS53143682A (en) * 1977-05-20 1978-12-14 Hughes Aircraft Co Organic composite material composed of innsitu formed fiber and stretching composite material
US4198461A (en) * 1975-09-09 1980-04-15 Hughes Aircraft Company Polymeric fiber masses, fibers therefrom, and processes for producing the same
DE2951307A1 (de) * 1979-12-20 1981-07-02 Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal Wildlederartiges flaechengebilde
US4636417A (en) * 1974-12-10 1987-01-13 Rasmussen O B Fibrous reticular sheet material
EP0761869A2 (de) * 1995-09-07 1997-03-12 Teijin Limited Mikroporöses Material, Kunstleder mit Substrat aus solchem Material und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
CN102953231A (zh) * 2011-08-30 2013-03-06 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 一种天然纤维增强热塑性复合材料及其制备方法和用途
CN112853610A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-28 东华大学 一种高强耐磨黄麻非织造布及其制备方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4318949A (en) 1976-09-16 1982-03-09 Toray Industries, Inc. Composite nap sheet and process for preparing the same
FR2649457B1 (fr) * 1989-07-04 1991-10-11 Skf France Roulement integre muni d'un pulseur et d'un capteur pour equiper un moyeu de roue de vehicule automobile
CN111607898B (zh) * 2020-04-26 2022-09-30 马建伟 一种基于汉麻纤维的高性能复合材料的生产工艺

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4017651A (en) * 1974-03-30 1977-04-12 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Pre-treatment of non-wovens
US4636417A (en) * 1974-12-10 1987-01-13 Rasmussen O B Fibrous reticular sheet material
US4198461A (en) * 1975-09-09 1980-04-15 Hughes Aircraft Company Polymeric fiber masses, fibers therefrom, and processes for producing the same
US4037010A (en) * 1976-08-02 1977-07-19 Hughes Aircraft Company Organic composites with in-situ formed fibers and extensible matrix
DE2741527A1 (de) * 1976-09-16 1978-04-27 Toray Industries Bogenmaterial und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
JPS5910904B2 (ja) * 1977-05-20 1984-03-12 ヒユ−ズ・エアクラフト・カンパニ− インサイチユ−で形成された繊維と伸縮性マトリツクスから成る有機複合材料
JPS53143682A (en) * 1977-05-20 1978-12-14 Hughes Aircraft Co Organic composite material composed of innsitu formed fiber and stretching composite material
US4612688A (en) * 1979-12-20 1986-09-23 Akzona Incorporated Process for making suede-like sheet material
US4342801A (en) * 1979-12-20 1982-08-03 Akzona Incorporated Suede-like sheet material
DE2951307A1 (de) * 1979-12-20 1981-07-02 Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal Wildlederartiges flaechengebilde
DE2951307C2 (de) * 1979-12-20 1987-12-10 Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal, De
EP0761869A2 (de) * 1995-09-07 1997-03-12 Teijin Limited Mikroporöses Material, Kunstleder mit Substrat aus solchem Material und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP0761869A3 (de) * 1995-09-07 1998-08-19 Teijin Limited Mikroporöses Material, Kunstleder mit Substrat aus solchem Material und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US6117489A (en) * 1995-09-07 2000-09-12 Teijin Limited Microporous sheet, substrate for artificial leather using said sheet, and process for production of said sheet
CN102953231A (zh) * 2011-08-30 2013-03-06 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 一种天然纤维增强热塑性复合材料及其制备方法和用途
CN102953231B (zh) * 2011-08-30 2016-01-06 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 一种天然纤维增强热塑性复合材料及其制备方法和用途
CN112853610A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-28 东华大学 一种高强耐磨黄麻非织造布及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1362806A (en) 1974-08-07
NL7114426A (de) 1972-05-03
DE2053497A1 (de) 1972-05-04
BE774579A (fr) 1972-04-27
CS196447B2 (en) 1980-03-31
FR2111955B1 (de) 1977-07-08
FR2111955A1 (de) 1972-06-09
DE2053442A1 (de) 1972-06-22

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