US3805918A - Mist oil lubrication process - Google Patents

Mist oil lubrication process Download PDF

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US3805918A
US3805918A US00273254A US27325472A US3805918A US 3805918 A US3805918 A US 3805918A US 00273254 A US00273254 A US 00273254A US 27325472 A US27325472 A US 27325472A US 3805918 A US3805918 A US 3805918A
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mist
oil
percent
stray
copolymer
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K Altgelt
C Thut
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Chevron USA Inc
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Chevron Research and Technology Co
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Priority to US00273254A priority Critical patent/US3805918A/en
Priority to CA174,555A priority patent/CA1001607A/en
Priority to BE132746A priority patent/BE801468A/xx
Priority to NL7309678A priority patent/NL7309678A/xx
Priority to IT26513/73A priority patent/IT991164B/it
Priority to DE19732335947 priority patent/DE2335947A1/de
Priority to GB3454873A priority patent/GB1422204A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
    • C10M143/02—Polyethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/024—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026—Butene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/02—Esters of silicic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/04—Aerosols

Definitions

  • a mist oil lubrication system pneumatically distributes fine droplets of an oil composition to the areas of various machine elements to be lubricated.
  • the present invention is related to improvements in mist oil lubricating processes.
  • Mist oil systems have proven their reliability and usefulness in a variety of applications. They are used in various industries for services ranging from light duty service, e.g., dental equipment, to very heavy duty services, e.g., lubrication of steel mill backup rolls. Mist lubrication can provide the benefits of clean lubrication with little outside contamination, as well as effective and uniform lubrication, centralized distribution and low lubricant consumption.
  • Mist lubrication works by generating an oil mist, micro-fog, or aerosol which is transported pneumatically by compressed air, or other gas, to the area to be lubricated.
  • the aerosol is condensed, coalesced, or in the terminology of mist lubrication reclassified, by impact against a surface at high velocity.
  • the oil mist can be generated in various ways.
  • a preferred system uses a device consisting of a reservoir opened to a venturi. Compressed gas is blown through the venturi, lubricant is drawn from the reservoir by the suction thus created and the lubricant is mechanically fractured by the turbulence of the air stream into tiny droplets. Downstream, the mixture impinges against baffles where large droplets that are transported with difficulty are coalesced and returned to the reservoir. The remaining oil particles form an aerosol with particle diameters in the range from 0.1 to 20 microns. Relatively large amounts of air, or gas, perform the pneumatic transport of the lubricant. The concentration of oil in the delivered mixture is of the order of 0.004 pounds per pound of air.
  • Reclassification is usually accomplished by valves or orifices (reclassifiers) which serve to direct and accelerate the aerosol so that it ultimately wets the surface to be lubricated, or the reclassifiers condense the aerosol and drip lubricant. Wetting of the surface occurs on impingement because particles in smoke, mist or aerosols can be coalesced by impact against a surface at high velocity.
  • the spray nozzle is close to a surface, the high velocity aerosol entirely condenses in a small area, but if the spray nozzle is further away, air frictional losses reduce the aerosol velocity so that only a fraction of the liquid is collected at the surface and the remainder is lost as stray mist.”
  • the choice of the proper orifice and aerosol velocity for lubrication depends on the type of element to be lubricated and a number of factors related to the condition and composition of the mist lubricant, such as, oil viscosity, aerosol particle size and concentration, additives present, temperature, molecular weight, and chemical constitution.
  • the velocity of the aerosol must be great enough to provide wetting, yet the aerosol must be pneumatically transported to that area sufficiently slowly to avoid excessive wetting and lubricant loss in the pipelines.
  • the droplets will readily wet and lubricate a bearing or other surface, but also have a tendency to condense within the feeder pipelines. lf particle size is too small and velocity too low at the element to be lubricated, coalescence will not occur and stray mist will present a serious problem.
  • a very fine aerosol is difficult to coalesce by reclassification and excessive stray mist is produced giving a smoky effect to the atmosphere.
  • mist is generated with a distribution of particle sizes, so that stray mist, which arises from the low end of the mist droplet size distribution, i.e., droplets with diameters usually less than 0.5 microns, is a difficult problem to eliminate.
  • mist oil lubricant While great attention will be given to the misting and condensing ability of the oil, there are other properties required of a mist oil lubricant, such as, viscosity, lubricity, anti-wear, extreme pressure protection, oxidation stability, freedom fromdeposit formation, and corrosion and rust protection.
  • Stray mist is the most troublesome feature of mist lubrication systems.
  • the lubricated machine element is normally open to the atmosphere and mist which is not reclassified escapes into the atmosphere where it may form a potential hazard to health and safety due to deposition on environmental surfaces and respiration.
  • Mechanical precipitating schemes have been devised to collect stray mist, e.g., centrifugal precipitators. These devices are capable of removing particles down to 0.2 microns but they require auxiliary ducting and are not widely used. They are often prohibitively expensive.
  • Polyesters e.g., polyalkylmethacrylate
  • VI improvers viscosity index
  • dispersants e.g., polyalkylmethacrylate
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,510,425 although they are not as effective for this purpose as polyolefins.
  • British Pat. No. 1,099,450 teaches the use of certain polyester and polyisobutene polymers which are used as VI improvers and have low shear stability, as stray mist suppressants.
  • Additives of the prior art were directed toward the reduction of percentage stray mist to about 2-10 percent.
  • a mist oil lubrication process is regarded as commercially satisfactory if operated with below about percent stray mist.
  • mist oil lubrication is reduced to surprisingly low levels (less than 1 percent) by means of a lubrication process in which the mist is pneumatically transported to the area to be lubricated and there reclassified without significant stray mist and without loss of the needed properties of a mist oil lubricant when the lubricant composition contains as a stray mist suppressant from 0.001 to 2 weight percent of certain oil-soluble polyolefins of viscosity average molecular weight greater than 5,000.
  • the polyolefins are preferably C C copolymers having non-bulky backbone chains and a minimum number of side chains of minimum length to maintain oil solubility.
  • x is equal to from 3 to about 12 with the proviso that one of the olefinic components of the copolymer must be ethylene.
  • Especially preferred are (ethylene-propylene) C C copolymers of 40-80 mol percent ethylene and viscosity average molecular weight about or greater than 20,000.
  • FIG. 1 shows the suppression of stray mist by various polymers.
  • the open circles show the rapid suppression of stray mist to very low levels (less than 0.3 percent stray mist) by very small quantities of the preferred C C copolymer of molecular weight 100,000.
  • the triangular points show the effectiveness of a polybutene (PB) of molecular weight 50,000.
  • the scattered two points correspond to polyalkylmethacrylates of 30,000 and 500,000 molecular weight respectively, the more effective methacrylate (considering the lower concentration) being that of higher molecular weight.
  • FIG. 2 shows the number of milligrams of mist per micron of droplet diameter produced each minute from the nozzle of a misting manifold according to the test method herein described. This is the accepted method of plotting the drop size distribution of the oil mist in order to emphasize the amount of oil found in the straymist drop size region (below 0.5 micron droplet diameter). Note that the amount of oil in the stray mist range of droplet sizes is severely reduced by the addition of polymer.
  • the solid circles refer to the base oil, a 500 SSU at 100F neutral petroleum oil with no polymer present.
  • the triangular points refer to a composition of the same base oil containing 0.06 percent by weight of a polymethacrylate polymer of 30,000 molecular weight.
  • FIG. 2 graphically illustrates the stray mist suppressant effectiveness of the copolymers of the present invention. There is a vanishingly small amount of stray mist produced by the base oil containing only 0.05 weight percent of C C copolymer, while the base oil alone produces substantial stray mist, and the polymethacrylate-containing composition still has the initial sharp rise in amount of stray mist at low droplet size.
  • stray mist low levels are produced by a method of mist oil lubrication which utilizes oil compositions containing very small percentages (0.001-2 percent by weight) of certain specified polyolefins.
  • These polyolefins are found to (l) have a non-bulky polymer backbone, (2) have a minimum number of side chains and side chains of the minimum length to maintain oil solubility, (3) have viscosity average molecular weights in excess of 5,000 and preferably greater than about 20,000, obtained either by polymerization of monomers or degradation of polymers of higher molecular weight, and (4) shift the particle size distribution in the oil mist toward larger droplet sizes.
  • oil-soluble C C copolymers of ethylene of viscosity average molecular weight greater than 5,000 and preferably about or greater than 20,000, which are 40-80 molar percent ethylene, wherein C is a C C mono-olefin, with the proviso that the polymers be oil-soluble.
  • copolymer includes polymers derived from two or more dissimilar monomers. Of these, the C C copolymers are preferred.
  • mist oil system depends on a change of physical state of the lubricant from a bulk liquid to an aerosol and back again to bulk liquid. These two mechanisms, mist generation and reclassification, are influenced by a variety of oil properties. Some oils are very easily misted; the lighter, lower viscosity oils being especially so. From the standpoint of maximum efficiency of misting, transportation, and minimum recycling, lubricants that produce more particles in the system of about l-l0 microns in size are most desirable.
  • Reclassification depends upon the size of the particles and their velocity. Inefficient reclassification results in stray mist that is unusable as lubricant.
  • the polymers of the present invention function to reduce stray mist by the suppression or elimination of the smallest droplets in the aerosol, those of diameter below 0.5 micron.
  • the details of the mechanism by which the addition of polymers affect an oils propensity to form aerosols and to be reclassified have not been entirely defined. Viscoelastic properties, electrostatic charge density and drop size combined with aerosol concentration are factors. While the preferred polymers (C C copolymers) have been shown to be reasonably shear stable, it is not believed that shear stability is a critical factor in the choice of polymers for their ability to suppress stray mist.
  • a 100,000 molecular weight C C copolymer composition in 500 SSU at F neutral oil showed only 0.3 percent stray mist when said copolymer was present in the oil to the extent of 0.05 percent by weight.
  • the same copolymer showed only ll percent viscosity index loss in a shear stability test.
  • thermodynamic properties of the bulk liquid differ substantially from those of the surface or interface. Similar differences are expected and have been found for viscoelastic properties. For drops of moderate size, the ratio of bulk liquid to liquid at the surface is quite large and the properties of the bulk liquid predominate. However, for the smaller droplets which make up mist lubricants, this is no longer true. Thermodynamic, and viscoelastic, surface properties become more important in mists than those of the bulk for many purposes, including particle size distribution, solubility, adsorption, etc. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to draw conclusions about these properties of the mist from a knowledge of the bulk liquid.
  • polymers have an effect on the aerosol particle size, and most importantly, on the size distribution of the droplets.
  • the proper selection of polymers provides an aerosol with a size distribution shifted to larger droplets. It is believed that by varying the polymer type and concentration, the amount of difficulty in coalescing particles can be minimized.
  • the lubricating oil base of the compositions of this invention can be a mineral oil or a synthetic hydrocarbon oil of lubricating viscosity, i.e., with a viscosity in the range of 35 to 50,000 SUS at 100F. While the oil may be paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed base, it is preferred that it be paraffinic for oxidation stability. The characterization of an oil as paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed base is based on a number of factors described in Nelson, Petroleum Refining Engineering (4th Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1958). The oil may be a single refinery cut, or may be a blend of two or more oils in appropriate proportions to give the desired viscosity of the blend.
  • a typical example would be an approximately 40-60 blend of a neutral oil having a viscosity of about 500 SUS at 100F. and a bright stock having a viscosity of about 4,000 SUS at 100F.
  • the lubricating oil will represent the major portion of the composition of this invention and will comprise about 90-98 percent by weight of the composition, and preferably, about 93-96 percent by weight. Viscosity is usually dictated by the requirements of the machine element to be lubricated. Mistability is adjusted by control of viscosity in the mist oil system through heating of the oil or air at the mist generator. Mist generators without heaters are generally limited to oils with viscosities less than 1,000 SUS at the minimum operating temperature.
  • oils that are very high in wax content may congeal and block the very small openings of the reclassifiers, i.e., oils that have cloud points at or above room termperature. Obviously, oils with this limitation are not satisfactory.
  • Synthetic lubricants such as the alkyl, aryl, and alkaryl phosphate esters, alkyl benzenes, polyoxyalkylene esters or glycols, ortho silicates, siloxanes, etc., are also useful base oils for the mist oil compositions of the present invention when used separately or in miscible combinations of lubricating viscosity.
  • lubricant stability characteristics are of critical importance. As the oil is often subjected to continuous recycling, it must be thermally stable and resistant to oxidation. To this end, oxidation inhibitors are added to the composition.
  • oxidation inhibitors are added to the composition.
  • additives function as rust inhibitors, oilincss agents, extreme pressure agents, anti-wear additives, detergents, foam inhibitors, metal deactivators, metal wetting agents, etc.
  • a typical anti-oxidant for example, is zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
  • Pour point depressant polymers such as the polyalkyl methacrylates, can also be present. The totality of these other additives constitutes from about 1 to about 10 percent by weight of the composition.
  • the composition may be prepared simply by blending together the various components. Typically all minor portion components will be added to the base oil; they may be added neat, or as concentrates in oil solutions, where the solvent oil is mistable and compatible with the base oil. The components may all be blended simultaneously or, if desired, two or more of the components may be blended separately and the mixture then further blended with the remaining components to form the final composition.
  • TEST METHOD Percent stray mist was measured directly using an Alemite mist generator operating at 20-30 inches of water manifold pressure and at 60200F. air and oil temperature.
  • the aerosol was transported about 11 feet to a minifold of l823 reclassifiers (No. 5 Alemi te nozzles, Alemite Division, Stewart-Warner Corporation, Chicago, Illinois).
  • the condensed mist dripping off the reclassifiers was collected in a shallow beaker and weighed. Uncondensed mist (stray mist) was collected by vacuum through a filter paper which was weighed before and after testing.
  • the amount of stray mist (the difference in weight of the filter paper before and after testing) times divided by the sum of the amount of stray mist and condensed mist is the percent stray mist.
  • the test method is very sensitive in that it is capable of measuring percent stray mist to hundredths of a percent.
  • Droplet-size distributions in regular and stray mists were quantitatively determined by means of an Anderson Air Sampler which is a commercial apparatus (2,000, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah) developed to measure size distributions of aerosol particles. Samples for droplet-size distributions were taken only 2 feet from the mist generator in order not to omit those drops which condense in the connecting pipe to reclassification nozzles.
  • EVALUATION Table I shows the effect of polymer-type on the mist suppressant ability of the polymer or copolymer.
  • a much lower molecular weight polypropylene is much more effective than the ester in stray mist suppression.
  • the lower molecular weight C C copolymer is substantially more effective than the polypropylene at the same weight per- TABLE 1 Polymer-Type Effects Stray MW Conc. Mist 1. Polyalkylmethacrylate 500,000 0.20 1.05 2.
  • the polypropylene molecule will be much larger than the polyester since most of its atoms are in the backbone and contribute to its length while most of the atoms of the polyester are in the side groups and contribute more to its bulkiness. It is found that polymers with a thin backbone and the smallest side chains consistent with oil solubility, e.g. C C are much more effective in shifting the size distribution in oil mists to larger droplets, than polyalkyl methacrylates and long-chain polyolefins with bulky backbones and long side chains.
  • the effect of concentration is found to be large up to about 0.1 weight percent and then relatively and increasingly small towards higher concentrations.
  • concentration dependence is not so large at first, but it extends to higher concentrations before leveling off.
  • a process of mist lubrication producing a low percentage of stray mist which comprises converting into a mist a composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and as a stray mist suppressant from 0.001 to 2 weight percent of an oil-soluble copolymer of ethylene with a C to C monoolefin, the copolymer having viscosity average molecular weight of at least 5,000; pneumatically transporting said mist to an area to be lubricated; and reclassifying said mist in said area.
  • copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a C -C monomeric mono-olefin, said copolymer consisting of 40-80 mol percent of ethylene.
US00273254A 1972-07-19 1972-07-19 Mist oil lubrication process Expired - Lifetime US3805918A (en)

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US00273254A US3805918A (en) 1972-07-19 1972-07-19 Mist oil lubrication process
CA174,555A CA1001607A (en) 1972-07-19 1973-06-20 Mist oil lubrication process
BE132746A BE801468A (fr) 1972-07-19 1973-06-26 Nevel-oliesmering
NL7309678A NL7309678A (it) 1972-07-19 1973-07-11
IT26513/73A IT991164B (it) 1972-07-19 1973-07-12 Composizione e procedimento per la lubrificazione con olio a nebbia
DE19732335947 DE2335947A1 (de) 1972-07-19 1973-07-14 Oelnebelschmiermischung und verfahren zur oelnebelschmierung
GB3454873A GB1422204A (en) 1972-07-19 1973-07-19 Mist oil lubrication system

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919098A (en) * 1973-11-05 1975-11-11 Chevron Res Cutting oil of reduced stray fog
JPS5186507A (it) * 1975-01-29 1976-07-29 Mitsubishi Oil Co
JPS60170698A (ja) * 1984-02-14 1985-09-04 Kiyouhou Seisakusho:Kk 低ミスト性切削油
US4589990A (en) * 1985-06-21 1986-05-20 National Distillers And Chemical Corporation Mist lubricant compositions
US4601840A (en) * 1985-06-21 1986-07-22 National Distillers And Chemical Corp. Mist lubrication process
EP0206280A2 (en) * 1985-06-21 1986-12-30 HENKEL CORPORATION (a Delaware corp.) Improved mist lubrication process and composition
US4767556A (en) * 1986-08-25 1988-08-30 Henkel Corporation Low-sling fiber lubricant comprising shear-reduced, high molecular weight polyisobutylene
US4780233A (en) * 1987-09-04 1988-10-25 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Dust suppression methods and compositions
US4829786A (en) * 1988-08-15 1989-05-16 American Standard Inc. Flooded evaporator with enhanced oil return means
US5227551A (en) * 1989-11-19 1993-07-13 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Method of suppressing mist formation from oil-containing functional fluids
US5639720A (en) * 1996-01-23 1997-06-17 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Anti-staining gear oils with low stray misting properties
WO1997034970A1 (en) * 1996-03-18 1997-09-25 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Mist oil lubricant
US20040242440A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2004-12-02 Ryoichi Okuda Metal working fluid composition for use as spray in mist form
US6858569B2 (en) * 1999-10-25 2005-02-22 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation Cutting or grinding oil composition
US20090036333A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Metalworking Fluid Compositions and Preparation Thereof
US7578372B1 (en) * 1996-04-25 2009-08-25 Green Ronald D Aerosol lubricant and dispensing method
US20100011923A1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2010-01-21 Nippon Oil Corporation Method of minimal quantity lubrication cutting/grinding processing and oil composition used therefor
US20120199421A1 (en) * 2009-10-16 2012-08-09 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Gas-Expanded Lubricants for Increased Energy Efficiency and Related Method and System
US11300751B2 (en) * 2018-10-11 2022-04-12 Prysmian S.P.A. Method and apparatus for installation of cables by blowing and using an upstream lubricator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52119607A (en) * 1976-04-01 1977-10-07 Mobil Oil Lubricating agent for metal working containing mist inhibitor
DE4002846A1 (de) * 1990-02-01 1991-08-08 Limon Fluhme & Co De Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schmieren von schmierstellen mit schmierstoff-minimalmengen
WO2012047949A1 (en) * 2010-10-06 2012-04-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating oil composition with anti-mist additive

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US3112297A (en) * 1960-06-22 1963-11-26 Standard Oil Co Olefin polymerization with catalyst containing sicl4 extract of transition metal oxide
US3265622A (en) * 1961-10-31 1966-08-09 Shell Oil Co Lubricants containing copolymers of 4-methyl-1-pentene
GB1099450A (en) * 1966-06-30 1968-01-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co A process of lubrication
US3389087A (en) * 1965-12-23 1968-06-18 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricant containing ethylene-alpha-olefin polymers
US3510425A (en) * 1967-06-23 1970-05-05 Timothy C Wilson Oil mist lubrication process and novel lubricating oil composition for use therein
US3551336A (en) * 1969-06-30 1970-12-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricant containing ethylene-alpha-olefin polymer
US3676521A (en) * 1970-10-05 1972-07-11 Sun Oil Co Synthetic lubricants from low molecular weight olefins

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US2971609A (en) * 1956-09-11 1961-02-14 Shell Oil Co Method of lubricating surfaces with a vaporous lubricant
DE1043559B (de) * 1956-09-11 1958-11-13 Bataafsche Petroleum Verfahren zur Schmierung fester Metalloberflaechen bei hohen Betriebstemperaturen
DE1644941C3 (de) * 1966-09-23 1978-06-22 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Co., Wilmington, Del. (V.St.A.) Legiertes Mineralschmieröl
CA956050A (en) * 1967-07-31 1974-10-08 Norman Jacobson Lubricant containing ethylene-alpha olefin polymer
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3112297A (en) * 1960-06-22 1963-11-26 Standard Oil Co Olefin polymerization with catalyst containing sicl4 extract of transition metal oxide
US3265622A (en) * 1961-10-31 1966-08-09 Shell Oil Co Lubricants containing copolymers of 4-methyl-1-pentene
US3389087A (en) * 1965-12-23 1968-06-18 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricant containing ethylene-alpha-olefin polymers
GB1099450A (en) * 1966-06-30 1968-01-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co A process of lubrication
US3510425A (en) * 1967-06-23 1970-05-05 Timothy C Wilson Oil mist lubrication process and novel lubricating oil composition for use therein
US3551336A (en) * 1969-06-30 1970-12-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricant containing ethylene-alpha-olefin polymer
US3676521A (en) * 1970-10-05 1972-07-11 Sun Oil Co Synthetic lubricants from low molecular weight olefins

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919098A (en) * 1973-11-05 1975-11-11 Chevron Res Cutting oil of reduced stray fog
JPS5186507A (it) * 1975-01-29 1976-07-29 Mitsubishi Oil Co
JPS60170698A (ja) * 1984-02-14 1985-09-04 Kiyouhou Seisakusho:Kk 低ミスト性切削油
US4589990A (en) * 1985-06-21 1986-05-20 National Distillers And Chemical Corporation Mist lubricant compositions
US4601840A (en) * 1985-06-21 1986-07-22 National Distillers And Chemical Corp. Mist lubrication process
EP0206280A2 (en) * 1985-06-21 1986-12-30 HENKEL CORPORATION (a Delaware corp.) Improved mist lubrication process and composition
EP0206280A3 (en) * 1985-06-21 1987-10-14 National Distillers And Chemical Corporation Improved mist lubrication process and composition
US4767556A (en) * 1986-08-25 1988-08-30 Henkel Corporation Low-sling fiber lubricant comprising shear-reduced, high molecular weight polyisobutylene
US4780233A (en) * 1987-09-04 1988-10-25 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Dust suppression methods and compositions
US4829786A (en) * 1988-08-15 1989-05-16 American Standard Inc. Flooded evaporator with enhanced oil return means
US5227551A (en) * 1989-11-19 1993-07-13 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Method of suppressing mist formation from oil-containing functional fluids
US5329055A (en) * 1991-06-19 1994-07-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Method of suppressing mist formation from oil-containing functional fluids
US5639720A (en) * 1996-01-23 1997-06-17 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Anti-staining gear oils with low stray misting properties
WO1997034970A1 (en) * 1996-03-18 1997-09-25 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Mist oil lubricant
US5756430A (en) * 1996-03-18 1998-05-26 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Mist oil lubricant
US7578372B1 (en) * 1996-04-25 2009-08-25 Green Ronald D Aerosol lubricant and dispensing method
US6858569B2 (en) * 1999-10-25 2005-02-22 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation Cutting or grinding oil composition
US20040242440A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2004-12-02 Ryoichi Okuda Metal working fluid composition for use as spray in mist form
US20100011923A1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2010-01-21 Nippon Oil Corporation Method of minimal quantity lubrication cutting/grinding processing and oil composition used therefor
US8240235B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2012-08-14 Nippon Oil Corporation Method of minimal quantity lubrication cutting/grinding processing and oil composition used therefor
US20090036333A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Metalworking Fluid Compositions and Preparation Thereof
US20120199421A1 (en) * 2009-10-16 2012-08-09 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Gas-Expanded Lubricants for Increased Energy Efficiency and Related Method and System
US9873852B2 (en) * 2009-10-16 2018-01-23 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Gas-expanded lubricants for increased energy efficiency and related method and system
US11300751B2 (en) * 2018-10-11 2022-04-12 Prysmian S.P.A. Method and apparatus for installation of cables by blowing and using an upstream lubricator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1422204A (en) 1976-01-21
NL7309678A (it) 1974-01-22
DE2335947A1 (de) 1974-01-31
BE801468A (fr) 1973-10-15
CA1001607A (en) 1976-12-14
IT991164B (it) 1975-07-30

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