US3805518A - Apparatus for controlling thermal growth in condensers - Google Patents

Apparatus for controlling thermal growth in condensers Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3805518A
US3805518A US00261895A US26189572A US3805518A US 3805518 A US3805518 A US 3805518A US 00261895 A US00261895 A US 00261895A US 26189572 A US26189572 A US 26189572A US 3805518 A US3805518 A US 3805518A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
condenser
turbine
condensate
steam
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00261895A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
K Kasschau
J Ward
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US00261895A priority Critical patent/US3805518A/en
Priority to GB2547473A priority patent/GB1389997A/en
Priority to DE2329003A priority patent/DE2329003A1/de
Priority to NO2430/73A priority patent/NO136114C/no
Priority to ES415791A priority patent/ES415791A1/es
Priority to IT25214/73A priority patent/IT989063B/it
Priority to SE7308263A priority patent/SE385240B/xx
Priority to JP7365458A priority patent/JPS538006B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3805518A publication Critical patent/US3805518A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A condenser shell structure having a trough formed by an inner wall spaced from the outer shell structure and extending upwardly'from the condenser support plane to a region adjacent the flange connection with the exhaust duct of a steam turbine operable at variable exhaust temperature.
  • the trough is continuously provided with condensate from the condenser hot well at approximately saturation temperature, thereby to maintain the condenser shell temperature at saturation temperature for the exhaust steam pressure with attendant minimization of thermal growth of the condenser shell.
  • the turbine may thus be supported by the condenser with minimal movement of the turbine that could otherwise cause misalignment of associated gearing and coupling members.
  • a marine turbine and condenser structure in which the turbine is mounted on the condenser shell and supported thereby.
  • the condenser shell structure has an internal trough formed adjacent the condenser support plate and extending upwardly to a region adjacent its steam inlet flange, which inlet flange is connected to the steam exhaust structure flange of the turbine.
  • the trough is continuously provided with water during operation, and is maintained at'or near the saturation temperature for thesteam at the exhaust pressure.
  • the shell of the condenser is thusheld at the temperature of the water by direct contact therewith.
  • the water for the trough is preferably condensate from the condenser hot-well which is maintained near the saturation temperature for the prevailing low condenser pressure. Excess condensate is continuously drawn off, preferably by overflow conduit means and returned to the hot-well of the condenser. Hence, the overflow is prevented from falling onto the condenser tubes or being picked up by the high velocity of the incoming turbine exhaust steam.
  • FIG. 1 is an end view of a steam turbine supported by a condenser having one embodiment of the invention incorporated therein, with portions cut away to show internal structure of the condenser;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal view of the steam turbine shown in FIG. 1 with the condenser in cross-section;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the upper right-hand portion of the condenser, as viewed in FIG. 2,'to show details of the internal trough structure;
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are views similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 but showing another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the invention in which a steam' turbine is provided with a steam condenser 12 incorporating the invention.
  • the turbine shown in the example is a marine propulsion turbine of the low pressure type, which, as well known in the art, is supplied by motive steam afterparti'al expansion in a high pressure turbine (not shown).
  • the turbine 10 has an output shaft 14, which is drivingly connected to a ships propeller through reduction gearing by a suitable coupling (not shown). 1
  • the turbine 10 has a steam inlet 15 for driving the turbine shaft in the ahead mode, i.e., in a direction to propel the ship forward, and an alternately employed steam inlet 16 for driving the turbine shaft 14 in the astern mode, i.e., in a direction to propel the ship rearward.
  • the turbine 10 is of the condensing type, i.e., after the energy of the motive steam is dissipated by the turbine, the spent steam is directed through an exhaust outlet 18 into the condenser 12.
  • the condenser 12 is of the tube-and-shell type and includes a condenser outer shell structure 20 having a bundle of heat-exchange tubes 21 disposed therein and extending therethrough in a direction transverse to the axis A of the turbine 10.
  • the tubes are received at their opposite ends in suitable tube sheets 22 and 23 which together with suitable channel heads 25 and 27 form respective inlet and outlet water chambers 28 and 29 disposed in fluid communication with the tubes 21.
  • the channel head 25 is provided'with an inlet nozzle 30 and the channel head 27 'is provided with an outlet nozzle 31.
  • Coolant water from any suitable source (not shown) such as the sea is admitted to the inlet nozzle 30, from whence it flows into the inlet chamber 28 and thence through the tubes 21 to the outlet chamber 29.
  • the coolant water removes heat from the turbine exhaust steam thereby condensing it.
  • the thus heated coolant water is then directed from the outlet nozzle 31 back to the sea.
  • the condenser shell structure 20 is provided with a sump or hot-well portion 33 at its bottom end to collect the condensate, and an outlet conduit 34 is provided at the bottom of the hot-well 33 for removing the condensate from the condenser.
  • a pump 35 of any suitable type is interposed in the outlet conduit 34 for pumping the condensate back to a suitable steam generator (not shown) for re.-vaporization.
  • the condenser 12 is disposed in an opening 36 in a-ships structure 37 and suspended therein in a support plane P-P extending through the upper portion of the outer shell 20 by a pair of condenser support structures 40.
  • the condenser support structures 40 are disposed externally of the outer shell walls 41 and 42 and each comprise a lower horizontal flange member 43, an upper horizontal flange member 44 and a plurality of spaced reinforcing gussets 45.
  • the lower flange 43 bears on the upper surface of the ships structure 37 to support the condenser thereon, while the upper flange 44 bears on the bottom of the turbine casing flange 40 to support the turbine thereon.
  • the entire weight of the turbine 10 is supported by the portion of the outer shell structure 20 of the condenser lying between the lower flange 43 and the upper flange 44. Accordingly, the vertical position of the turbine shaft 14 is influenced considerably by the thermal expansion characteristics of the condenser outer shell structure during a heating period when the turbine 10 is in operation, taking as a point of reference, the at rest period when the turbine is notin operation and the temperature of the outer shell structure is at ambient temperature.
  • the critical portion of the outer shell structure 20 is that peripheral portion 47 lying between the upper and lower support flange members 44 and 43, respectively.
  • an inner wall structure 50 is connected to the outer wall member 42 by a bottom wall member 51, thereby providing an elongated open water passage or trough 52 communicating with the interior 53 of the condenser.
  • a distribution plate 55 is attached to the outer wall 42 but is disposed in slightly spaced relation with the inner wall 50. If desired, the distribution plate 55 may be provided with a plurality of spaced perforations 56. The distribution plate is disposed in an intermediate position in the trough 52, and a flanged connector 57 inserted in the outer condenser shell 20 provides an inlet 58 for water into the trough 52 below the distribution plate 55, as will be subsequently described.
  • an inclined baffle plate 60 is attached to the outer wall 42 and disposed in a manner toextend across the inner wall member 50.
  • the outer shell wall 42 is a planar member extending vertically.
  • the inner wall'portion 50 is also planar and vertically disposed to impart a uniform cross-sectional shape to the trough 52.
  • the outer shell wall 41 has an upper portion 61 (FIG. 2) inclined inwardly at an angle of about 45. Accordingly, in this portion'an inner wall member 62 is provided with an inwardly inclined upper portion 63 conforming to the outer wall portion 61, thereby to provide an elongated trough 65 of uniform crosssectional shape in this portion of the condenser.
  • an inclined baffle plate 66 (similar to baffle plate 60) is arranged to extend across the inner wall portion 63 to prevent admission of high velocity steam into the trough 65.
  • a second flanged connector 57a inserted in the outer wall 41 may be provided to admit water into the trough 65.
  • the opposite ends of the trough 52 are terminated and defined by a pair of transverse wall members 67 and 68 connected at their bottom portion to the bottom plate 51 and at their upper portion to the peripheral shell portion 47.
  • the trough 65 is terminated at its ends in a manner similar to the trough 52 in a manner which is now clear and need not be shown.
  • the inlet connectors 57 and 57a are connected by parallel conduits indicated by 70, 71 to the discharge end of the pump 35, so that in operation a part of the condensate usually returned to the steam generator is supplied to the troughs 52 and 65.
  • the vitiated steam from the turbine 10 is condensed in the condenser 12, it drops to the hot-well 33 where it is withdrawn through the conduit 34 by the pump 35 for delivery to the steam generator (not shown) for re-evaporation and returned to the turbine 10 as motive steam in a closed cycle, as well ment directly onto the surface of the condenser tubes 21
  • one or more overflow pipes 73 may be attached to the inner wall 50.
  • one or more overflow pipes 74 may be attached to the the inner wall 62.
  • the pipes 73 and 74 extend along the outer boundary: of the tube bundle B (FIG. 2) and downwardly therepast to direct such overflow directly to the hotwell 33.
  • the outer shell 20 of the condenser is maintained at the temperature of the condensate in the condenser regardless of the tem-perature of the exhaust steam before condensing.
  • the condenser outer shell will be main-tained at the saturated steam temperature for the pressure.
  • thermally induced growth of the outer shell is minimized, at least in the region between the mounting plane P-P' and the turbine mounting flange 44, thereby substantially eliminating any movement of the turbine 10 that could otherwise cause misalignment of the turbine shaft 14 and its associated gearing and coupling members.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 there is shown another embodi-ment of the invention.
  • This embodiment is generally simi-lar to the first embodiment described above.
  • the turbine 10 is mounted upon and support-ed by a condenser 75 which, in turn is mounted upon-and supported at its bottom end by a foundation structure 77.
  • the entire outer shell structure 78 of the condenser 76 is disposed between the condenser mounting plane MP-MP' and the turbine exhaust flange 80. Accordingly the entire shell is susceptible to thermal growth, in operation, with attendant undesirable misaligning movement of the turbine.
  • thermal growth of the outer shell 78 is minimized by provision of a pair of vertically elongated trough structures 80 and 81 that extend from the hot-well 83 upwardly substantially to the condenser mounting flange 84.
  • the troughs 80 and 81 are disposed in transversely opposed relation (see FIG. 5) on opposite sides of the tube bundle 85 and defined by the outer side walls 86, 87 of the condenser shell and inner spaced walls 88, 89, respectively.
  • the troughs 80 and 81 hold a body of hot-well condensate that extends for substantially the entire vertical extent of the condenser outer walls 86 and 87.
  • this embodiment may be similar to the first embodiment and need not be further described.
  • the invention provides an arrangement in-which the outer shell structure of a steam condenser is prevented from overheating in an unpredictable manner and in which the thermal growth is controlled in operation to a predictable minimum degree of expansion.
  • the turbine may be mounted upon the condenser and supported thereby, with full assurance that deleterious movement of the turbine, during a wide range of operation, is minimized.
  • the troughs or water passages are on opposite sides of the tube bundle and substantially coextensive therewith.
  • the end portions of the condenser outer shell structure do not necessarily require the trough treatment for two reasons, first, the coolant water in the channelheads and tubes provide an optimum heat sink for the adjacent portions of the condenser shell structure, and, second, the end portions of the shell are not normally in line between the shell support 17 or 37 and turbine 10, sothat thermal growth would not influence the turbine location.
  • a steam turbine a condenser for condensing steam exhausted from said turbine, said condenser having a shell structure and an exhaust structure connecting said condenser shell structure to said turbine, said turbine being adapted to exhaust steam to said condenser at varying temperatures, a condensate pump for removing condensate from said condenser, an upwardly extending inner wall joined to one of said structures to jointly form therewith a water wall in fluid communication with the interior of the condenser and with said condensate pump, and overflow means associated with said water wall, whereby condensate is circulated in said water wall to maintain the temperature of said one structure generally at a temperature equal to that of the condensate regardless of the temperature of the exhaust steam.
  • the condenser comprises a plurality of heat exchanger tubes for condensing the turbine exhaust steam, a hot well for collecting the condensate and means for directing condensate from said overflow means to said hot well.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
US00261895A 1972-06-12 1972-06-12 Apparatus for controlling thermal growth in condensers Expired - Lifetime US3805518A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00261895A US3805518A (en) 1972-06-12 1972-06-12 Apparatus for controlling thermal growth in condensers
GB2547473A GB1389997A (en) 1972-06-12 1973-05-29 Steam turbinecondenser support arrangement
DE2329003A DE2329003A1 (de) 1972-06-12 1973-06-07 Unmittelbar an den abdampfstutzen einer abdampf von veraenderlicher temperatur liefernden dampfturbine angeschlossener kondensator
NO2430/73A NO136114C (no) 1972-06-12 1973-06-08 Underst¦ttelsesarrangement for dampturbinkondensator.
ES415791A ES415791A1 (es) 1972-06-12 1973-06-11 Una disposicion de soporte de una turbina de vapor y un condensador.
IT25214/73A IT989063B (it) 1972-06-12 1973-06-12 Apparecchiatura per regolare le dilatazioni termiche di condensa tori di vapore da impiegare con turbine a vapore
SE7308263A SE385240B (sv) 1972-06-12 1973-06-12 Anordning vid en kondensor forbunden med en angturbin
JP7365458A JPS538006B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-12 1973-06-12

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00261895A US3805518A (en) 1972-06-12 1972-06-12 Apparatus for controlling thermal growth in condensers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3805518A true US3805518A (en) 1974-04-23

Family

ID=22995343

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00261895A Expired - Lifetime US3805518A (en) 1972-06-12 1972-06-12 Apparatus for controlling thermal growth in condensers

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3805518A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS538006B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2329003A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES415791A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1389997A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT989063B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO136114C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE385240B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4433546A (en) 1981-02-06 1984-02-28 Societe Anonyme Dite: Delas-Weir Heater unit for heating water to be supplied to a boiler and a water heater
CN104457313A (zh) * 2014-11-25 2015-03-25 武汉亿维登科技发展有限公司 蒸汽膨胀槽
US20160290723A1 (en) * 2014-01-23 2016-10-06 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Condenser

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5117603U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-07-29 1976-02-09
JPS5554446U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-10-09 1980-04-12

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE280920C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
DE395581C (de) * 1924-05-21 Paul H Mueller Dr Ing Dampfturbinenanlage mit Kondensation
US1781108A (en) * 1928-12-12 1930-11-11 Worthington Pump & Mach Corp Exhaust connection for condensers
US1793641A (en) * 1926-05-18 1931-02-24 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Condenser for steamships
DE549433C (de) * 1929-04-17 1932-04-27 Asea Ab Kondensationsdampfturbine mit zwei Kondensatoren und Vorwaermer

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE280920C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
DE395581C (de) * 1924-05-21 Paul H Mueller Dr Ing Dampfturbinenanlage mit Kondensation
US1793641A (en) * 1926-05-18 1931-02-24 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Condenser for steamships
US1781108A (en) * 1928-12-12 1930-11-11 Worthington Pump & Mach Corp Exhaust connection for condensers
DE549433C (de) * 1929-04-17 1932-04-27 Asea Ab Kondensationsdampfturbine mit zwei Kondensatoren und Vorwaermer

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4433546A (en) 1981-02-06 1984-02-28 Societe Anonyme Dite: Delas-Weir Heater unit for heating water to be supplied to a boiler and a water heater
US20160290723A1 (en) * 2014-01-23 2016-10-06 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Condenser
US10502492B2 (en) * 2014-01-23 2019-12-10 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Condenser for condensing steam from a steam turbine
CN104457313A (zh) * 2014-11-25 2015-03-25 武汉亿维登科技发展有限公司 蒸汽膨胀槽

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2329003A1 (de) 1974-01-03
GB1389997A (en) 1975-04-09
NO136114C (no) 1977-07-20
NO136114B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-04-12
JPS4956012A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-30
IT989063B (it) 1975-05-20
SE385240B (sv) 1976-06-14
JPS538006B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-03-24
ES415791A1 (es) 1976-02-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR100844634B1 (ko) 폐열을 이용한 전력 생산 방법 및 장치
US2168166A (en) Heat exchange apparatus
US3805518A (en) Apparatus for controlling thermal growth in condensers
US2205266A (en) Heat exchange apparatus
GB1566150A (en) Heat exchange apparatus utilizing thermal siphon pipes
HU191759B (en) Feed-water heater
US20230159148A1 (en) Steam-powered outboard conformal cooling system
US2449110A (en) Cooling system for internal-combustion engines
US4351391A (en) Heat exchanger for water pumping system
US2184285A (en) Refrigerating apparatus
US1741605A (en) Power-plant installation
US4156349A (en) Dry cooling power plant system
RU2140608C1 (ru) Прямоточный вертикальный парогенератор
CN113492961B (zh) 一种触媒材料的船舶舷外共形冷却器及船舶冷却系统
CN216122094U (zh) 一种发电机组的水冷循环降温系统
US2084187A (en) Cooling system for internal combustion engine arrangements
CN105822363B (zh) 空冷系统以及用于空冷系统的控制方法
KR102144114B1 (ko) 선박용 엔진의 냉각장치
US2245001A (en) Power system
JP3833411B2 (ja) 循環水冷却システムおよびこの循環水冷却システムを備えた発電設備
RU2278323C1 (ru) Теплообменник
US1329419A (en) Cooling system for engines
CN1481315A (zh) 潜水艇
RU2745933C1 (ru) Устройство для разогрева вязких жидких углеводородов при сливе из транспортной цистерны
RU2836189C1 (ru) Паротурбинная установка