US3805179A - Oscillation maintenance method for mechanical resonator and related apparatus - Google Patents

Oscillation maintenance method for mechanical resonator and related apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3805179A
US3805179A US00292166A US29216672A US3805179A US 3805179 A US3805179 A US 3805179A US 00292166 A US00292166 A US 00292166A US 29216672 A US29216672 A US 29216672A US 3805179 A US3805179 A US 3805179A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pulses
resonator
coil
gate
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00292166A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
J Berney
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Golay B Sa ch
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3805179A publication Critical patent/US3805179A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C11/00—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks
    • G04C11/08—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction
    • G04C11/081—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction using an electro-magnet
    • G04C11/084—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction using an electro-magnet acting on the balance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an oscillation maintenance method and apparatus for mechanical resonators of the type actuatedby electric pulses transmitted by an induction coil to a permanent magnet carried by the resonator or conversely, the oscillation frequency of this latter being moreover modified under the action of means repelling it elastically on both sides of its resting position.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an improved apparatus and method to maintain resonator oscillations in synchronism with a pilot frequency f.
  • the invention provides for starting from a train of chopped (contact-modulated) squarewave pulses varying in accordance with a tempo corresponding to the pilot frequency f in such manner that, for each successive alternation thereof, the said pulses are divided to correspond alternatively to one of two energies of different levels, since the voltage induced by the resonator magnet in the induction coil is compared to the aforesaid pulse train and acts in such a way that each successive alternation of a given sign of said voltage, beyond a preset threshold, triggers the transmission to the induction coil of a maintenance energy of the value included in the equivalent section of the pulse train.
  • the invention provides a method for maintaining oscillation in a mechanical resonator actuated by energy exchanged between a coil and a magnet carried by said resonator, said method comprising determining the deviation between squarewave and sine-wave signals representing a standard and the movement of said resonator, said deviation dividing the cycles of the sine-wave signal into separate parts during each of which respectively different levels of maintenance energy are delivered to said coil whereby the resonator is synchronized with the sine-wave signal.
  • the different levels of energy may be provided by the use of different duty cycles.
  • two different duty cycles pulse lengths are prepared by the combining of three frequencies related to the frequency of the square-wave signal.
  • an oscillation maintenance circuit comprising a source of regularly shaped pulses at a standard frequency, means to derive a sine-wave signal from said coil, means to compare the phases of the regularly shaped pulses and said sine-wave signal such that the pulses are divided into separate sections and means to supply respectively different energy levels to said coil during said different sections.
  • the pulses may be square-wave pulses.
  • a source of pilot frequency squarewave pulses and further sources of square-wave pulses one of which is a multiple of the frequency of the other, and means to combine the latter said pulses to produce pulses of different duty cycles and thereby of different energy levels.
  • the aforesaid means may include a NOR gate, three NAND gates, one of which couples the other two to said NOR gate, a further NAND gate, an inverter, said further gate being respectively coupled directly to one of said other gates via said inverter to the other of said other gates, said source of pilot frequency pulses being coupled to said one of said other gate and a second inverter coupling the latter said source to said other of said other gates, said further sources being coupled to said further gate.
  • first and second transistors a capacitor, first and second resistors and a third inverter.
  • Said first transistor is coupled between said coil and ground and said capacitor and second transistor are coupled across said coil.
  • Said first resistor is connected between the junction of the capacitor and second transistor and ground.
  • Said second resistor is connected between the second transistor and ground.
  • Said third inverter is connected between the junction of said second transistor and said second resistor and said NOR gate.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are a vertical section along the axis and a plan view respectively of a mechanical resonator provided in accordance with one embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 3 through 8 are wave form diagrams explaining the principle which is the basis of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a logical diagram of an electronic layout for the operation of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the voltage curves explaining the chopping of the pilot frequency f DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • the type of resonator given by way of example in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a watch movement balance.
  • the present invention is not, however, applied exclusively to this mechanical field but can be applied to any mechanical resonator fulfilling the conditions of oscillation described hereinafter.
  • a balance 1 is provided in the shape of a beam turning on a shaft 2 under the action of electric pulses transmitted to it by the winding of an induction coil 3 acting on a magnet 4 carried by the said beam whichlast is connected to a hairspring 5.
  • the magnet 4 is so arranged as to be located, when the hairspring is at rest, between the armatures 6 of the electromagnet composed of the induction coil 3 and its core 7.
  • the whole structure is arranged between a plate 8 and a bridge 9.
  • the beam carries a pin 10 which, when its oscillations overstep a preset angle, meets and is driven back by a flexible blade 11.
  • FIGS. 3 through 8 illustrate the principle suggested for attaining such result.
  • FIG. 3 shows the sinusoidal wave 12 constituting the signal induced in coil 3 by magnet 4 and facing the square-wave pilot pulses 13 of frequency f.
  • Signal and pulse are, as illustrated in the figure, perfectly synchronized, and all that is required is to transmit a relatively low maintenance energy to the resonator.
  • the signal 12 is generated during the second (negative) alternation of the square pulse 13 of frequency f. It will then be necessary to supply a relatively large energy to the electromagnet 3 6 allowing the resonator to speed up for the purpose of getting it back into synchronism.
  • FIG. 7 brings out a phase shift of angle a between signal 12 of the square-wave pulse 13.
  • the resonator will, in the present instance, receive an energy 3E during the fraction 0: of its oscillations semiperiod and an energy E during the fraction (1 of its oscillations semiperiod, an energy whose total 3., E +a E will help to reestablish the synchronic state.
  • Three alternative sources of current are provided for supplying square-wave pulses.
  • One source 17 supplies the pulses of an agreed pilot frequency of 2 cs.
  • Two other sources 18 and 19 supply a frequency of 1024 cs and 512 cs respectively and are connectedto a NAND gate 20.
  • the other NAND gates 21 and 22 follow controlled by the frequency 2 cs.
  • One gate 21 is controlled directly, the other gate 22 is controlled through an inverter 23.
  • the output of the NAND gate 20 is also connected to the two NAND gates 21 and 22, namely directly for the gate 21 and through an inverter 24 for gate 22.
  • FIG. 10 shows four curves, of which curves A and B represent the square-wave pulses of frequency 512 cs and 1024 cs respectively, there being a ratio of l to 2 between these frequencies.
  • That same chopped voltage travels also through inverter 24, from whichit issues in the shape of curve D of FIG. 10, to be applied to the NAND gate 22 at the same time as the pilot alternating voltage, which is itself inverted by the inverter 24.
  • gate 21 will allow the chopped signals to pass 3/4ths the time period of curve C whenever the logical value of the pilot frequency is 1.
  • gate 22 will allow the chopped signals to pass l/4th the time period of curve D whenever the logical value of the pilot frequency is 0, that is, during the succeeding alternation of the pilot frequency, and so on.
  • This wave train is now applied to the NOR gate 26, itself connected through inverter 28 to a control circuit placed under the influence of the induced pulses emitted by induction coil 3.
  • Resistor 31 and the capacitor 29 have values sufficiently large for the transistor 30 to be biased to class operation and to function thus as a level detector. This is therefore the one whose assignment is to prevent passage of the pulses induced in coil 3 except when their value exceeds a certain level in FIGS. 3 through 8).
  • the triggering threshold of the level detector including transistor 30 when the voltage induced in induction coil 3 exceeds, the triggering threshold of the level detector including transistor 30, the state at the input terminals of resistance 32 and of inverter 28 becomes a 1 and passes on the contrary to a O at the output of the inverter, this opening the NOR gate 26, allowing the output voltage of 25 to cross it and reach the master oscillator amplification MOS transistor 27.
  • a portion of the amplified square-wave pulse train, cut off so to speak, in the said sequence, will be transmitted to induction coil 3 in accordance with what has previously been described.
  • the present process is, however, distinctive in that this energy is obtained by the utilization of a train of impulses of high frequency and without direct coupling with or reference to the frequency of the resonator.
  • each of the impulses forming this train is modulated by the reference frequency f between two corresponding values, one at positive alternance, the other at negative alternance of this frequency f.
  • this train of impulses is produced by the elements 25. This train of impulses is only applied to the motor coil of the resonator when the induced voltage at the terminals thereof exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the energy thus received by said motor coil thereby depends solely on the length of each of the impulses of the train applied thereto, or thus indirectly to the refer ence frequencyf. Consequently, there is never a direct comparison between this frequency f and the oscillation frequency of the resonator.
  • a method for maintaining oscillation in a mechani cal resonator actuated by energy exchanged between a coil and a magnet carried by said resonator comprising utilizing the deviation between a reference signal and a sine wave signal respectively representing a standard and the movement of said resonator, said deviation being used for controlling the delivery of respectively different levels of maintenance energy to said coil whereby the resonator is synchronized with the standard, the different levels of energy being provided by the delivery to said coil of trains of pulses wherein the pulse lengths are controlled by said deviation.
  • an oscillation maintenance circuit comprising a source of regularly shaped pulses at a standard frequency, means to derive a sine wave signal from said coil, a source of pulses of different pulse lengths, means to determine deviations between the regularly shaped pulses and said sine wave signal, and means to supply to said coil pulse trains consisting of the pulses having said different pulse lengths and in accordance with said deviations.
  • a circuit as claimed in claim 3 wherein the second said source includes sources of square-wave pulses one of which has a frequency which is a multiple of the frequency of the other, and means to combine the latter said pulses to produce pulses of different pulse lengths and thereby of different energy levels.
  • first, second and third said means cooperatively include first and second transistors, a capacitor, first and second resistors, and a third inverter, said first transistor being coupled between said coil and ground, said capacitor and second transistor being coupled across said coil, said first resistor being connected between the junction of the capacitor and second transistor and ground, said second resistor being connected between the second transistor and ground, said third inverter being connected between the junction of said second transistor and said second resistor and said NOR gate.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
US00292166A 1971-09-24 1972-09-25 Oscillation maintenance method for mechanical resonator and related apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3805179A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1397571A CH612317GA3 (fr) 1971-09-24 1971-09-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3805179A true US3805179A (en) 1974-04-16

Family

ID=4396883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00292166A Expired - Lifetime US3805179A (en) 1971-09-24 1972-09-25 Oscillation maintenance method for mechanical resonator and related apparatus

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3805179A (fr)
JP (1) JPS4850758A (fr)
CH (1) CH612317GA3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2153482B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1371583A (fr)
IT (1) IT1007527B (fr)
SU (1) SU431693A3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3921386A (en) * 1973-02-24 1975-11-25 Itt Circuit for synchronizing watches driven by a coil-magnet system
CN116799485A (zh) * 2023-06-09 2023-09-22 武汉理工大学 一种超低频天线系统

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2930001A (en) * 1954-12-16 1960-03-22 Philips Corp Automatic frequency stabilization
US3512351A (en) * 1966-09-09 1970-05-19 Smiths Industries Ltd Electrical oscillation generators

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2930001A (en) * 1954-12-16 1960-03-22 Philips Corp Automatic frequency stabilization
US3512351A (en) * 1966-09-09 1970-05-19 Smiths Industries Ltd Electrical oscillation generators

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3921386A (en) * 1973-02-24 1975-11-25 Itt Circuit for synchronizing watches driven by a coil-magnet system
CN116799485A (zh) * 2023-06-09 2023-09-22 武汉理工大学 一种超低频天线系统
CN116799485B (zh) * 2023-06-09 2024-02-20 武汉理工大学 一种超低频天线系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2153482B1 (fr) 1976-03-12
JPS4850758A (fr) 1973-07-17
IT1007527B (it) 1976-10-30
CH612317GA3 (fr) 1979-07-31
SU431693A3 (fr) 1974-06-05
DE2245644B2 (de) 1976-04-15
FR2153482A1 (fr) 1973-05-04
GB1371583A (en) 1974-10-23
DE2245644A1 (de) 1973-03-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3451210A (en) System for maintaining oscillations in an electric timing mechanism having an oscillatory element
US3945194A (en) Electronic quartz clock with integrated circuits
US3597634A (en) Two or more transistor device to energize a driving coil
US3512351A (en) Electrical oscillation generators
US3805179A (en) Oscillation maintenance method for mechanical resonator and related apparatus
US4011516A (en) Frequency correction arrangement
US3258669A (en) Variable width fulse-fed micromotor control system
GB1088347A (en) Apparatus for generating high frequency pulses having a predetermined frequency by means of a continuously tunable magnetron
US4407019A (en) Electronic wristwatch
GB1214980A (en) Electronic watch
FR2216613B3 (fr)
GB1343330A (en) Electric timepieces
US3292064A (en) Frequency regulated chronometer
US2700102A (en) Long range navigation system
US3410081A (en) Drive system for tuning fork timepiece
GB1350721A (en) Electronic circuit for quartz crystal watch
US2949583A (en) Timing control circuit
US3859781A (en) Synchronization system for watches
US3766454A (en) Electronic timepiece
GB1239524A (fr)
GB741580A (en) Improvements in and relating to recurrent generators
SU1443139A2 (ru) Формирователь пачек импульсов
US2594965A (en) Radio pulse transmitter with rotating antenna
JPS5614975A (en) Driving circuit of clock motor
JPS5537825A (en) Step motor drive circuit