US380514A - Generating retort and burner attached - Google Patents

Description

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GENERATING RETORT AND BURNER ATTACHED.

Patented Apr. 3, 1888.

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(No Model.)

. l 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. W. P. PATTON.

GBNBRATING AAE-Tom AND .BURNER ATTACHED.

Patented Apr. 3, 1888.v

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

W. P. PATTON.

GBNBRATING RBTORT AND BURNER ATTACHED. No. 380,514. Patented Apr. 3,v 1888.

UNITED STATES PATENT Ormes.

XVILLIAM I?. PATTON, QF HARRISBURG, PENXSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF TI-IREE-FOURTHS TO VILLIAM T.

HILDRUP, SR., WILLIAM T. HILDRUP,

JR.,`AND J. HERVEY PATTON, ALL OF SAME PLACE, AND SEYMOUR W. TULLOCK, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

GENERATINGj-RETORT AND BURNER ATTACHED.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 380,514, dated April 3, 1888.

Application filed August 2, 1887.

To all whom t may cmwen:

Beit known that I, WILLIAM l. PAT-TON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Harrisburg, in the county of Dauphin and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Generating- Retorts and Burners Attached; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full7 clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to malte and use the same.

My invention relates to an improvement in generatingretorts and burners attached to the same, and more particularly to a class of generators that produce the gas as it is consumed for heating or lighting purposes.

The object of my invention is to produce a gasgenerating device that can be placed in the iire-box of a stationary or movable boiler to generate a gaseous fuel from oil and Water, and that by its combination with a series of proper burners will afford a means for economical water-heating or steam-generation.

A further object is to so combine a series of burners, that are adapted to consume mixed gas and air,with a gas-generator of novel construction, which produces a fixed gas from oil and water, that the process of gas-generation will be continuous after it is started, and the gaseous fuel be employed to heat the gas-generator as well as the water in a boiler with which the generator and burners are connected.

A further object is to provide a gaseous-fuel generator which will evolve a fixed gas from oil and water, and be so combined with burners and a boiler that a gaseous fuel will be supplied to continue gas-generation after it is started, heat water in a boiler to generate steam for power or heating purposes, and also furnish an illuminating-gas to be used, if desired, to light as well as heat an apartment, either stationary or movable.

A further object is to furnish a compact, ad-

justable, and removable gas-generator and attached burners that may be applied to general purposes of steam-generation, water-heating, house-warming, or carheating by its use 1n Serial No. 245,94). (No model.)

combination with a suitable boiler, and which, from its simplicity and durabilityr and peculiarities of form of construction, will be economical in use of material for gas-generation and require but a small expenditure for mainf tenance in repair.

With these objects in view my invention consists in certain features of construction and combinations of parts, that will be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings making a part of this specification, Figure l is a side elevation in section of one form of the gasgenerating retort with burners attached, and the necessary feed-pipes shown in connection with the retort and its heater-burner. Fig. 2 represents a cross-section of the retort illustrated in Fig. l with aero-gaseous burners and burner-connections, as well as the retort heatingburner shown in position. Fig. 3 shows a retort for fixed-gas generation and attached burners that are adapted to generate steam in a locomotivetiue boiler, the view being a section through longitudinal center of the boiler. Fig. 4t is a front elevation in section ofthe device shown in side elevation in Fig. 3, taken on the broken line a: a: a: in said Fig. 3. Figs. 5 and 6 are enlarged details of the burners and their connections to the retort shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 7 is an enlarged side view of the spraynozzle end of the water and oil feed pipes shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 8 is a top plan view of the retort and burners shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 9 is a top plan view of retort and burners shown in Figs. l and 2, burners being in cross-section taken on the lines .e z, Fig. 1. Fig. l0 is a side elevation in section of a vertical tubular boiler, showing an adapted form of the retort and burners substantially like the retort and burners exhibited in Figs. l and 2. Fig. 1l represents a top plan view of the retort and burners shown in Fig. l0.

In Figs. l and 2, A represents the gas-gen-- contour to suit the shape of the firebox or combustion-chamberin which it is to be placed. The shell of the retort is made of metal, either cast into form or of sheets of proper thickness bentinto form and secured together to produce a tight hollow box or chamber of proper size to suitthewantsoftheserviceitisdesigned to render. It is essential that the top and bottom sides, k, ofthe retort be made parallel to each other, and from their position in the combustion-chamber of aboiler,waterheater, orrange lie in nearly a horizontal-position. The top and bottom walls, k, of the retort A are perforated at spaced intervals to accommodate a series of Vertical lines, c, whichmay either be made integral with the retort, ifit is made of cast metal, or be inserted and securely fixed in place to produce gas-tight joints where the -ends of the flue connect with the retort-walls.

The side surfaces of the retort A are perforated at intervals for the reception of thelateral projecting nipples h o f the burner-pipes C. The burner-pipes C have diminished jetorices p made through the centers of their upper threaded ends, which receive and support the upright gas vand air receiving pipes D, that have enlarged discharge-nozzles D' formed at their free upper ends. (See Figs. l and 2.) The nipples h of pipes C are perforated at t to afford discharge-passages for gas that is generated in the retort A into the pipes C. The pipes D areprovided with oriiices a just above the jet-orificesp, to allow air to enter these pipes and mix with the gas that forcibly escapes from the jet-holes p, thus producing an aero-gaseous vapor which will ex,

pand and burn at the discharge-nozzle D if lighted.

The gas that is evolved in the retort A is composed of liquid hydrocarbon, preferably coal-oiland water. These liquids are supplied in graduated quantities to the retort through the feedingpipes P P', which are conduits that lead from proper tanks or reservoirs (not shown) and communicate with the retort A. preferably, in this case, attached to the top 7c of the retort-shell. Valves S and T are provided to regulate the feed of the water and oil into the retort in such proportionate quantity as to obtain the bests results. Two of the pipes C, at opposite points, (see Fig. 2.) are downwardly projected to attach to curved pipes C at e, thus forming a continuous pipe below the retort A, which is tapped about midway between the two vertical pipes C on its top surface to receive the threaded end of the tubular shank B of the burner B. The head of the burner B is an elongated chamber open on its upper side. It is filled with an incombustible fibrous material, such as asbestus wool, and has a coarse screen-wire cover, b', placed upon the wool to retain it in place. The shank B of the burner B is perforated through its side wall at m to allow air to enter in proper volume to mix with the gas that issues from the jet-orifice p', which is centrally formed in the solid base walll of this hollow extends around the head of the burner B, and

is intended to prevent any escape of heat-cur rents laterally. Thisis important in this form of the gas generating and consuming device. Ifan ascending column of vitiated airis allowed to rise to the air-inlets a of the mixing-pipes A, there would be an insufficient supply of oxygen to mix with the hydrocarbon gas that issues from the jet-hole p, and a smoky llame would issue from the top of the nozzles D. The gas at the jet-nozzles would also be liable to catch re from the burner B, and thus prevent the proper operation of the device.

The top edge of the retort A is extended upwardly to produce a iiue or draft pipe, F; (See Figs. 1 and 2.) The pipe F is designed to conduct the products of combustion that escape from the iiues c upwardly and prevent the carbonio-acid gas thus evolved from mix ing with atmospheric air that enters the inlet-orifices c, as such a mixture would vitiate the air and prevent proper combustion of the aerogaseous mixture at the nozzles D of the burners.

In operation the cock r in the oil-feed pipe b is opened to allow the asbestus wool in the head of the burner B to become saturated with oil. This is ignited and the flame from it will draw up through the fines c. As the walls of the ret-ort A and lines are comparatively thin, the retort will soon become hot enough to vaporize oil. The oil valve S, which is made to permit exact adjustment ot' the same, so as to regulate the passage of oil through it, is now opened slightly to allow a little oil to escape into the retort A. The Contact of the oil with the hot retort will vaporize it,and this vapor will mix with air and burn at the head of burner B, adding its heat to that of the oil with which the asbestus wool was soaked. The aero-carbon mixture may now be lighted at the top of the nozzle D. The remainder of the oil that was used to start the processor gas-generati'on--will be speedily burned out, and the heat of the aero-carbon vapor will render the retort redhot. be allowed to trickle into the retort. This will instantly be vaporized and superheated steam be produced by contact with the redhot retort liues and walls. The carbon vapor that is being produced in the retort will come in contact with the snperheated steam and a de composition and recomposition will take place, as the carbon of the oil will combine with the oxygen of the steam, dissociating the steam Water should now and freeing the hydrogen, which latter gas will assimilate with the carbon vapor also, and by combining with it a hydrocarbon gas is produced. The carbonio oxide that is the result of the combination of the carbon and oxygen will mix with the hydrocarbon gas andahomogeneous composite fixed gas will result, that will combine with proper volumes of air in the mixing-pipes D of the burners, and the aerogaseous fuel will burn with a blue smokeless llame at the nozzles D. The burner B will furnish heat to continue the evolution of gas as long as the proper amounts of oil and water are supplied to the retort A, and it is apparent that if necessary more than one of the burners B may be affixed to similar feeding gaspipes, C', to increase the heat below and through the retort A.

The provision of the vertical fines c is one of the most essential features of this invention, as by their use the heating-surface of the retort is greatly increased and a through-draft permitted, so that the retort is speedily heated and kept hot. The spraying into theyretort of the oil and water does not affect a lowering of this heat, and a generation of gas in volume is assured by the construction just described. t A bracket, G, is provided by which the retort A may be secured in place in a combustion-chamber in which it is to be used. A foot or base plate, G', is also furnished, that projects laterally from the lower surface of the pipe Cr to afford a support for the device. The base plateG' rests generally on a cross-bar or other proper support in a combustion-cham ber of a boiler, Carheater, or range, as the case may be.

In Figs. 3 and 4t a form of the retort and attached burners is shown, that is adapted to suit the service as a heat-producer for a locomotive rebox boiler. In the side elevation represented in Fig. 3 the retort A is shown provided with vertical dues c and burnerpipes O and burner-nozzles O,tl1at are adapted to heat the iiues w and crown-sheet J of the boiler It. r)he retort A is furnished with heating-burners H, the nozzles d of which are located below said retort to discharge a smokeless ilame resulting from a combustion of the aero-gaseous fuel upon the lower wall,k, of the retort and through the flues c of the same. The air-pipesd2 d3 of the burners H d and O O are extended below the grate I of the boiler E, so as to furnish pure air to the burners when gas-generation is to be started.

The form of the gas-nozzles m nof the burners is shown in Figs. 5 and 6, they being intended to project small jets of gas upwardly in the center of the vertical pipes O H, this gas drawing air from the lower end of the pipes to mix with it and burn at the nozzlesd and O'.

The oil and water feed pipes V are provid ed with spray-nozzles N, (see Fig. 7,) which are placed in the retort A, preferably upon opposite sides of the same, and ythe feeding of oil and water into the retort is regulated by the valves n. (See Fig. 4.) In operating this form of retort and burners a light wood fire is started first upon the grates I to heat the retort, and when it is sufficiently heated the oil and water feeding is established, the same as in the form shown in Figs. l and 2. In this case the air is drawn from below the grate-bars I; hence a skirt-plate and heat-conductor pipe such as is shown in Figs. I and 2 may be dispensed with, and the retort be heated with an ordinary light tire in place of oil.

In Figs. 10 and Il a modified form of the. retort is shown that is adapted to suit the tirebox of a vertical due-boiler. The retort A is provided with dues c, but its shell is made cylindrical. The burner-pipes are afiixed to the side ofthe cylindrical shell of the retortl and extend upwardly to throw the heat of their burner-nozzles D upon the lower rluesheet and up through the iiues of the boiler R. The oil and water pipes I? Psupply the retort with these fluids, and the valves S S in these pipes regulate the feed. The pipes G depend from the sides of the retort A and supply the burner B with gas that is mixed with air, which enters the oriiices mmade in the upright hollow shank B' of said burner. In fact, this retort and burners are substantially the same as the devices shown in Figs. I and 2, the changes made being in the forni of the shell of the retort and the manner of attachment of the burner-pipes, the generation of gas being started by use of oil fed to the burner B by the oil-pipe b in manner same as previously described.

If it is desired to utilize the gas produced in the retort A (sce Fig. l) for purposes of illumination as well as heating water or cooking, this may be effected by prolonging the ISO pipe o', that is attached to the outlet o, made at the base of the burner-pipe D, and that is opposite the gas-outlett of the retort A. The pipe o may be suitably extended to a desired point for combustion of the gas as an illuminator.

Having full y described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-` 1. The combination, with a retort the top and bottom walls of which are parallel and lie nearly in a horizontal plane when in use, a series of lines secured in these top and bottom walls, a series of burners connected to the side walls of the retort that are adapted to burn mixed gas and air, the gas being generated from oil and water in the retort, an oil-feeding pipe that is connected to the retort, a watersupply pipe attached to the retort,and valves to control oil and water feed, of a burner that is connected to the retort-shell and is located below it, which is supplied with gas generated in the retort, and that consumes air mixed with gas to heat the retort, and protecting devices attached to the retort that prevent the air which enters the side burners from being vitiated by the products of combustion of the lower burner that heats the retort, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a metallic retortshell the top and bottom walls of whiehfare parallel and lie in' a nearly-horizoutal position when iu use, a series of vertical fiues secured to the top and bottom walls ofthe retort, a series of burners connected to the side Walls of the retort that are adapted to burn mixed gas and air, the gas being generated as consumed from oil and water introduced into the retort, au oil-feeding pipe, a water-supply pipe, and valves to control the feed of oil and water to the retort, of a set of burners that are counected to the retort and are located below it to throw flame through its ues, and which are formed to mix and burn air and gas, the gas being generated in the retort as it is used, an 2o oil-feed pipe that feeds oil as a fuel to start the generation of gas, and protecting devices attached to the retort that protect the air Which enters the side burners from being Vitiated by the rareed products of combustion thrown off 25 by the lower burners that heat the retort, substantially as set forth. Y

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM l?. PATTON.

Vitnesses:

EDWIN I. NOTTINGHAM, S. G. NOTTINGHAM.

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