US3805081A - Collimator for high energy radiation - Google Patents

Collimator for high energy radiation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3805081A
US3805081A US00244554A US24455472A US3805081A US 3805081 A US3805081 A US 3805081A US 00244554 A US00244554 A US 00244554A US 24455472 A US24455472 A US 24455472A US 3805081 A US3805081 A US 3805081A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cells
radiation
collimator
aperture
shielding material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00244554A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
R Barthel
B Offermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3805081A publication Critical patent/US3805081A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1042—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/08—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means
    • G21K1/093—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means by magnetic means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a collimator for high energy radiation particularly a collimator made of a radiation shielding material to shield the radiation source, disposed in its interior, against environmental influences and which is provided with an aperture for the passage of the useful radiation.
  • Neutron collimators are known for neutron therapy and in these devices the beams of useful radiation are directed through aperture inserts having different size openings. Different aperture inserts are kept in readiness in the treatment room. Since the aperture inserts sometimes are very heavy (50 to 100 kg) often they can be placed into the collimator only with the aid of lifting devices. Furthermore a replacement of the aperture insert can take place only after the collimator has been placed in a certain position. This operation is time consuming and necessarily requires some skill on the part of the operating personnel.
  • an aperture system which is formed of a plurality of cells that can be selectively filled with a shielding material.
  • the walls of the individual cells must be kept as thin as possible and the cell walls must be provided with a layer of material having minimum adhesion properties.
  • a hose or tube line may be connected to each cell so that a suitable radiation shielding material can be inserted into, or drawn out of the cells.
  • a suitable radiation shielding material may be a highly viscous liquid, emulsion or paste or a powdery and/or granual substance.
  • a particular advantage of the collimator according to the present invention is that a special aperture insert permits a plurality of different useful radiation beam configurations to be emitted without it being necessary to exchange aperture inserts and increase the required layer thickness for the shielding.
  • this special aperture insert provides substantiallymore possible variations in the shapeand size of irradiation fields.
  • a controlled introduction of the shielding material into the individual cells permits variation of the energy dosage in the individual sections of the irradiation field and makes it possible to have the doses homogeneous over the entire irradiation field and to compensate for marginal effects.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional detail view of a physical connection for a hose to one cell of the aperture system.
  • the neutron collimator generally indicated at 1
  • the radiation tube 1' of an ion accelerator not shown and a target 2 forming the neutron source.
  • the target 2 is disposed in the center of a cylindrical collimator block indicated generally at 3.
  • the collimator block 3 preferably consists of a plurality of, for example three, concentric annular layers. The first layer decelerates the high energy neutrons, the second layer further decelerates and absorbs the dispersed neutrons, and the third layer absorbs the resulting gamma rays. As this particular construction forms no part of the invention, and in order to simplify the drawing, these layers are not shown in detail.
  • the shielding of neutrons in the collimator is particularly effective if the collimator is constructed of a plurality of layers and, for example, the first and third layers consists of steel and the second layer is of a material having a high hydrogen content per unit of volume.
  • the second and third layers also contain boron additives.
  • the collimator block 3 has an opening 4 for receiving the aperture system 5, used to isolate the useful neutron beam.
  • the aperture system 5 is formed by a plurality of inwardly tapering cells 5' that are rectangular in shape at their base surfaces and which extend in a region that is situated between a point adjacent the target 2 and a point at the exterior of the collimator block 3. When the aperture system 5 is disposed in aperture 4 the cells converge toward the interior of the collimator 1.
  • the thickness of the wall 5" of each cell 5' is made as thin as possible and these walls are provided with a layer of material, not shown, having minimum adhesion properties.
  • FIG. 2 shows one manner in which the aperture system 5 is carried in an apertuer insert aperture that is adapted to be inserted into the opening 4 of the collimator 1.
  • This aperture insert 6 includes a peripheral shielding 7 of suitable material which surrounds the aperture system 5.
  • This shielding 7 is provided along its outer periphery with steps and protrusions which prevent passage of stray radiation through the opening 4 of the collimator.
  • Each one of the plurality of closed cells 5' is connected with hoses or tubular lines 8 through which, via valves 9, a suitable material, which provides good shielding against the radiation, is selectively forced into the cells from a reservoir 10, or subsequently removed from the cells to reservoir 10, with the aid of pumps 11..
  • FIG. 5 shows one specific manner in which a physical connection for a hose 8 is made to a cell 5' of the aperture system 5.
  • the cell 5' is sealed by a bottom plate 5" which has a bore for the inlet and a second bore, not shown here, for the outlet of the shielding material.
  • a pipe connection 13 has been welded to the bottom plate 5" above its bore. Over the pipe connection 13 the end of the hose 8 has been pushed. The hose end pushed over the pipe connection 13 could additionally be secured by a hose clip.
  • the shielding material may be a liquid which is more or less viscous at normal or increased temperatures, an emulsion, a paste, and/or a powdery and/or granual substance.
  • suitable shielding materials are oils, water, paraffins and other plastics, pastes consisting of a plastic and iron and/or lead powder and other additives, powdered lead, powdered iron, etc. This substance may harden, for example, when it reaches the cells and may be heated again and pumped out when the irradiation field pattern is to be changed.
  • paraffin which hardens at normal temperatures and may easily be softened by heating so that it can be pumped out of the cells
  • the walls 5" of the cells 5' may be provided with heating conductors or heating mats.
  • the layer of material with minimum adhesion properties e.g., a Teflon layer, on the cell walls 5" must assure complete removal of the shielding material from the individual cells 5.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show the raster field pattern resulting from irradiation through the aperture system according to the present invention.
  • Each rectangle in the raster field is a reproduction of the lower base surface of one of the plurality of cells 5' as seen when looking into the collimator 1. If none of the individual cells is filled with shielding material from the reservoir 10, the entire useful radiation beam from radiation source 2 emerges out of the aperture opening 4 through the aperture system 5. This case is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the corresponding number of cells of the aperture system 5 is filled with shielding material.
  • the cells which have been filled are shown, for example, by hatching in FIG. 4. It will be appreciated that the rays.,now pass only through the other cells, which are free'of the shielding material, to the irradiation field.
  • the degree to which the individual cells are filled also servesto vary the energy dosage in the individual areas of the irradiation field It is thus advantageously possible to make the doses homogeneous over the entire irradiation field and to compensate for marginal effects.
  • the radiation field can be adapted to the object to be irradiated with relative accuracy and ease even when it has an irregularly shaped outline.
  • a collimator for high energy radiation including a radiation shield permanently surrounding and shielding a high-energy radiation source disposed in the interior of the collimator, an aperture in the radiation shield for the passage of a beam of useful radiation from the source, the improvement comprising in combination:
  • conduit and valve means connected to each of said cells for introducing a radiation shielding material into and withdrawing the same from selected ones of said cells, and. for varying the cross section of said beam.
  • each of said cells has relatively thin walls and said walls have a layer of a material having minimum adhesion properties.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US00244554A 1971-04-16 1972-04-17 Collimator for high energy radiation Expired - Lifetime US3805081A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2118426A DE2118426C3 (de) 1971-04-16 1971-04-16 Neutronenkollimator
DE2203769A DE2203769C2 (de) 1971-04-16 1972-01-27 Kollimator für energiereiche Strahlen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3805081A true US3805081A (en) 1974-04-16

Family

ID=25760972

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00244554A Expired - Lifetime US3805081A (en) 1971-04-16 1972-04-17 Collimator for high energy radiation

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3805081A (online.php)
AT (1) AT326227B (online.php)
CH (1) CH541214A (online.php)
DE (2) DE2118426C3 (online.php)
FR (1) FR2133701B1 (online.php)
GB (1) GB1346004A (online.php)
NL (1) NL7205023A (online.php)
SE (1) SE374613B (online.php)
ZA (1) ZA722411B (online.php)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944836A (en) * 1973-04-10 1976-03-16 C.G.R. -Mev Auxiliary collimating device for obtaining irradiation fields of any shape for high energy radiotherapy apparatus
US4463266A (en) * 1981-02-20 1984-07-31 Instrument Ab Scanditronix Neutron collimator
US4597096A (en) * 1980-09-10 1986-06-24 Agne Larsson Multitube collimator for for instance scintillation camera
US4856042A (en) * 1986-07-08 1989-08-08 Thomson-Cgr Diaphragm for electromagnet radiation beam and its use in a collimation device for this beam
WO1997038629A1 (en) * 1996-04-15 1997-10-23 Philips Electronics N.V. X-ray examination apparatus including a collimator
WO1999018579A3 (en) * 1997-10-06 1999-06-24 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv X-ray examination apparatus including x-ray filter and collimator
US6320938B1 (en) 1998-10-28 2001-11-20 F & L Medical Products Method of X-ray protection during diagnostic CT imaging
US20030086527A1 (en) * 2001-11-02 2003-05-08 Speiser Burton L Radiation modulating apparatus and methods therefore
WO2007021226A1 (en) * 2005-08-16 2007-02-22 C-Rad Innovation Ab Radiation modulator
CN103000243A (zh) * 2012-11-27 2013-03-27 华北电力大学 一种中子准直器气体流通装置
CN106531280A (zh) * 2016-11-03 2017-03-22 东莞中子科学中心 中子准直器
CN109471152A (zh) * 2018-09-13 2019-03-15 上海交通大学 可自动调节伽玛射线通量的准直器装置及其测量系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4300054A (en) * 1980-02-04 1981-11-10 Vought Corporation Directionally positionable neutron beam
FR2601493A1 (fr) * 1986-07-08 1988-01-15 Thomson Csf Dispositif pour former des images par deplacement de fluides et son utilisation a la realisation de filtres spatiaux a rayons x
DE4333551C1 (de) * 1993-10-01 1995-03-02 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Vorrichtung zur variablen Ausrichtung einer in einer Wandung befindlichen rohrförmigen Aussparung, eines Rohres oder eines Stabes

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2871367A (en) * 1955-08-01 1959-01-27 Socony Mobil Oil Co Gamma ray collimating device
US3114043A (en) * 1960-01-28 1963-12-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Radiation beam shaping device
US3407300A (en) * 1966-04-14 1968-10-22 Picker Corp Collimator and method of making same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2871367A (en) * 1955-08-01 1959-01-27 Socony Mobil Oil Co Gamma ray collimating device
US3114043A (en) * 1960-01-28 1963-12-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Radiation beam shaping device
US3407300A (en) * 1966-04-14 1968-10-22 Picker Corp Collimator and method of making same

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944836A (en) * 1973-04-10 1976-03-16 C.G.R. -Mev Auxiliary collimating device for obtaining irradiation fields of any shape for high energy radiotherapy apparatus
US4597096A (en) * 1980-09-10 1986-06-24 Agne Larsson Multitube collimator for for instance scintillation camera
US4463266A (en) * 1981-02-20 1984-07-31 Instrument Ab Scanditronix Neutron collimator
US4856042A (en) * 1986-07-08 1989-08-08 Thomson-Cgr Diaphragm for electromagnet radiation beam and its use in a collimation device for this beam
WO1997038629A1 (en) * 1996-04-15 1997-10-23 Philips Electronics N.V. X-ray examination apparatus including a collimator
WO1999018579A3 (en) * 1997-10-06 1999-06-24 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv X-ray examination apparatus including x-ray filter and collimator
US6061426A (en) * 1997-10-06 2000-05-09 U.S. Philips Corporation X-ray examination apparatus including an x-ray filter
US6320938B1 (en) 1998-10-28 2001-11-20 F & L Medical Products Method of X-ray protection during diagnostic CT imaging
US20030086527A1 (en) * 2001-11-02 2003-05-08 Speiser Burton L Radiation modulating apparatus and methods therefore
WO2003039672A1 (en) * 2001-11-02 2003-05-15 Radiation Systems Of Arizona, Llc Radiation modulating apparatus and methods therefor
WO2007021226A1 (en) * 2005-08-16 2007-02-22 C-Rad Innovation Ab Radiation modulator
US20080240352A1 (en) * 2005-08-16 2008-10-02 C-Rad Innovation Ab Radiation Modulator
CN101288131B (zh) * 2005-08-16 2011-07-13 C-Rad创新股份有限公司 辐射调制器
CN103000243A (zh) * 2012-11-27 2013-03-27 华北电力大学 一种中子准直器气体流通装置
CN103000243B (zh) * 2012-11-27 2016-01-13 华北电力大学 一种中子准直器气体流通装置
CN106531280A (zh) * 2016-11-03 2017-03-22 东莞中子科学中心 中子准直器
CN106531280B (zh) * 2016-11-03 2018-12-07 东莞中子科学中心 中子准直器
CN109471152A (zh) * 2018-09-13 2019-03-15 上海交通大学 可自动调节伽玛射线通量的准直器装置及其测量系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2118426C3 (de) 1973-11-22
CH541214A (de) 1973-08-31
NL7205023A (online.php) 1972-10-18
DE2118426A1 (de) 1972-11-23
FR2133701B1 (online.php) 1977-01-14
SE374613B (online.php) 1975-03-10
AT326227B (de) 1975-11-25
DE2203769B1 (de) 1973-07-26
ATA315972A (de) 1975-02-15
GB1346004A (en) 1974-02-06
FR2133701A1 (online.php) 1972-12-01
ZA722411B (en) 1973-01-31
DE2118426B2 (de) 1973-04-19
DE2203769C2 (de) 1974-02-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11232877B2 (en) System for storing radioactive materials
EP3943153A1 (en) Neutron capture treatment system
JPS60162947A (ja) 減速体とビーム・ポートの組立体
GB992455A (en) Leakage prevention
DE2805111A1 (de) Neutronen-strahlentherapiegeraet
Cross et al. Beta ray dose distributions from skin contamination
JPH0390900A (ja) 中性子ラジオグラフィー装置
Bryazgin et al. Industrial electron accelerators developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS
CN108093552A (zh) 一种用于加速器中子源的微流道靶系统
DE2118426C3 (de) Neutronenkollimator
DE3534686C1 (de) Einrichtung zum Durchstrahlen eines Objektes mit einer transportablen,thermische Neutronen erzeugenden Quelle
US3655965A (en) Irradiation cell for irradiating a continuously flowing liquid with an electron beam
Barthel et al. Collimator for high energy radiation
Liu et al. Characterizing output for dynamic wedges
DE2040223A1 (de) Behaelter zum Transportieren radioaktiver Materialien
CN210302074U (zh) 中子捕获治疗系统
Paul et al. A 50 kW liquid-lithium target for BNCT and material-science applications
Jackson SSC environmental radiation shielding
DE2105581A1 (en) Transit container for irradiated nuclear fuel - with - cylindrical compartments arranged around a central space
DE2363490C3 (de) Neutronenquelle zur Erzeugung schneller Neutronen
EP0183818B1 (en) Fast neutron moderator for accelerator in thermal neutron radiography system
Kramer Proton therapy nozzles design and analysis
US20050105672A1 (en) Device permitting the modulation of absorption, emission, moderation or reflection of radiation or a particle flow
GB1083464A (en) Arrangement for treating material with radiation from a radioactive ª‰-source
JPH04102096A (ja) 熱中性子用遮蔽体