US3802203A - High pressure jet-grouting method - Google Patents

High pressure jet-grouting method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3802203A
US3802203A US00195196A US19519671A US3802203A US 3802203 A US3802203 A US 3802203A US 00195196 A US00195196 A US 00195196A US 19519671 A US19519671 A US 19519671A US 3802203 A US3802203 A US 3802203A
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Prior art keywords
grouting
jet
discharging
ground
injecting tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00195196A
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English (en)
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Y Ichise
A Yamakado
S Takano
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/46—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making in situ by forcing bonding agents into gravel fillings or the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to high pressure grouting in an area of ground, a suitable chemical being injected for stabilizing the ground. More particularly the invention relates to forming a panel-like watershielding or water-impervious wall having a relatively thin thickness.
  • I-leretofore in order to shut off the surface water of stratum consisting of sedimentary ground or catacleastic formation ground newer than tertiary period, a method has been employed to build a water shielding wall by injecting a chemical for ground hardening into the ground.
  • injecting tubes were inserted into the ground at fixed intervals and were axially displaced.
  • a chemical hardening agent as then injected through the tubes into the ground under pressure in the range of, for example, l30 kg/cm in order to permeate the ground.
  • the present invention contemplates a new and improved method and apparatus which overcomes all of the above referred problems and others and provides a method and apparatus for high pressure jet grouting which is simple, efficient, and provides an improved finished work product.
  • a new method of high pressure jet grouting comprises the steps of: inserting an injecting tube into the ground; providing a grouting flow nozzle in said injecting tube at an angle inclined to the axial direction of said tube; and discharging a jet of grouting through said nozzle at high pressure.
  • the method further includes the step of discharging a jet of compressed air with the jet of grouting.
  • the method also includes the steps of lifting and rotating the injecting tube during the discharging step.
  • an apparatus for high velocity grouting includes an injecting tube having a nozzle disposed therein at an angle inclined to the axis of the injecting tube for injecting a jet of grouting into the ground. Means are also provided for continuously supplying a grouting material to the nozzle at high pressure.
  • the principal object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved method and apparatus for high pressure jet-grouting.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved method for high pressure jet grouting in which a panel like hardened layer of thin thickness may be formed from a predetermined amount of a grouting chemical.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved method and apparatus for high pressure jet grouting which reduces the number of separate pieces of equipment required.
  • Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved method and apparatus for high pressure jet grouting which is readily adaptable to use in forming a plurality of different styles of underground water shielding walls.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved method and apparatus for high pressure jet grouting which is simple and economical to employ.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view showing a schematic arrangement wherein a water-shielding wall is formed in the vertical direction;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic horizontal cross sectional view of continuous water-shielding wall extending vertically
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view showing a horizontally extending water-shielding wall
  • FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the tip of an injection tube according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIGURES show a chemical jet nozzle area generally designated 3 which is coaxially threadably received in one end of an elongated injecting tube 2. Threadably received on nozzle 3 and coaxial therewith is a water jet nozzle generally designated 4.
  • jet nozzle 4 Water is passed, under pressure, through tube 6 extending inside of and along injecting tube 2 to a jet opening 5.
  • a one-way valve 7 disposed between tube 6 and jet opening 5 assures the prevention of counterflow.
  • This valve may be of a general type previously known.
  • jet nozzle area 3 includes a pair of coaxial jet nozzles 8, 9 for supplying two liquid chemicals as will hereinafter become more fully apparent.
  • Jet nozzle 8 is generally centrally located and communicates with tube 11 to receive a continuous supply of the main chemical liquid or ground hardening agent A.
  • Jet nozzle 9 is disposed about and opens to the periphery of nozzle 8 and communicates with tube 12 to receive a continuous supply of a chemical liquid or ground hardening accelerator B for intermixing with liquid A as will hereinafter be described.
  • Jet nozzle area 3 alsoincludes a third coaxial jet nozzle disposed about both of nozzles 8,- 9.
  • Nozzle 10 is employed to direct a continuous flow of compressed air outwardly to the periphery of the liquid discharges from nozzles 8, 9 and communicates with tube 13 in order to receive the desired supply of compressed air.
  • a suitable method in inserting injecting tube 2 into the ground 1 is to first bore a hole and then insert the tube, or alternatively a jet of water discharged from jet opening 5 of jet nozzle 4 could be utilized to bore a hole and insert the tube in one operation.
  • the injection of the chemical may be carried out when the injecting tube reaches the predetermined depth under the surface.
  • the chemical or grouting suitable may be drawn from the acrylamide series. However, a solution such as from the water glass series, lignin series or acrylates which have relatively shorter coagulation time may also be used. While in the preferred embodiment, the chemical is referred to as a two-liquid type; a one-liquid type may also beused with satisfactory results.
  • the general term grouting used to describe the material jetted into the ground is intended to include any and all types of grouting, chemicals, ground hardening agents, etc. usable in accordance with the invention.
  • the chemical or grouting is discharged at high pressure produced by a high pressure pump or other suitable means (not shown). Also, the compressed air is compressed to a high pressure by means of the pump and is discharged from the jet opening of the jet nozzle.
  • the high pressure jet of chemical from jet nozzle 8 carries a jet force so that the grouting can move forward following cutting of the sand and clay of the ground.
  • the liquids mix while the sand and clay is being cut away and the mixture fills the excavated gap and subsequently hardens.
  • the compressed air which has been discharged from nozzle 10 acts to exclude underground water and can substantially increase the jet distance of the jet flow of the chemical.
  • the pressure and flow rate of the liquid chemical and the pressure of the compressed air to be used in excavating the ground are different from each other according to the difference between the soft silt formation, conglomerate formation or cataclastic formation; however, the cutting length by the jet is usually found to be from 1 to 8 meters.
  • the pressure of the chemical is set to 50-1000 kg/cm and the velocity of the jet of the chemical becomes 100-450 m/sec.
  • the pressure of the chemical may be set to 1,000 kg/cm but if it is set to below 50 kg/cm, the cutting effect may not be obtained.
  • the pressure of the compressed air may be set to a pressure that can exclude the underground water, and according to the depths involved the pressure may range from 3-7 kg/cm.
  • Injecting tube 2 was inserted into ground of loam formation in which underground water occurred following use of the jet water method for inserting the injecting tube.
  • the grouting chemical was a resin solution from the acrylic series and was fed to jet nozzle area 3 at a pressure of 200 kg/cm by means of a plunger pump in order to be discharged from the associated nozzle at a jet velocity of m/sec.
  • the compressed air discharged from nozzle 10 was supplied at a pressure of 5 kg/cm About 1 hour following discharge and when the ground around the cutting gap was excavated, the chemical hardened substance has set to form a member having a thickness of between 9-15 mm and 700 mm long in the discharge direction.
  • the ground cutting function can be improved.
  • a relatively long, thin wall can be provided.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the condition where the respective watershielding walls are formed either linearly or in folded form.
  • a method of high pressure jet-grouting comprising the steps of inserting an injecting tube into the ground, discharging a jet of compressed air with a jet of grouting through a grouting flow nozzle inclined to the axial direction of said tube at a pressure high enough to cut the ground, and cutting the ground with said jet of grouting whereby the cut is filled with said grouting.
  • a method according to claim 1 in which the step of discharging said compressed air comprises discharging said air at a pressure in the range of between 3 to 7 kg/cm 3.
  • a method according to claim 1 further including the step of drawing said injecting tube from its position in the ground during said discharging steps.
  • a method according to claim 1 further including the step of rotating said injecting tube about its axial direction and drawing said injecting tube from its position in the ground during said discharging step.
  • step of discharging grouting comprises discharging said grouting at a pressure in the range of between 50 to 1,000 kg/cm 6.
  • step of discharging grouting comprises discharging said grouting at a velocity in the range of between 100 to 450 m/sec.
  • a method according to claim 1 including the step of boring a hole in the ground for receiving said injecting tube.
  • a method according to claim 2 further including rotating said injecting tube about its axial direction during said discharging step.
  • a method of high pressure jet-grouting comprising the steps of inserting an injecting tube into the ground and discharging a jet of compressed air together with a jet of grouting through flow nozzles inclined to the axial direction of said tube and cutting the ground with said jets of air and grouting whereby the cut is filled with said grouting.
  • a method according to claim 9 further including the step of rotating said injecting tube about its axial direction during said discharging step.
  • a method according to claim 9 further including drawing said injecting tube from its position in the ground during said discharging step.
  • a method according to claim 9 further including the step of rotating said injecting tube about its axial direction and drawing said injecting tube from its position in the ground during said discharging step.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
US00195196A 1970-11-12 1971-11-03 High pressure jet-grouting method Expired - Lifetime US3802203A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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JP45099168A JPS514003B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-11-12 1970-11-12

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US3802203A true US3802203A (en) 1974-04-09

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US (1) US3802203A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS514003B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU459462B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1358431A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
HK (1) HK69379A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3971222A (en) * 1974-05-28 1976-07-27 Robert Burke Soil stabilization
FR2363668A1 (fr) * 1976-09-02 1978-03-31 Konoike Const Procede de stabilisation des sols a l'aide d'une suspension de consolidation contenant des bulles d'air
US4084648A (en) * 1976-02-12 1978-04-18 Kajima Corporation Process for the high-pressure grouting within the earth and apparatus adapted for carrying out same
EP0125490A1 (en) * 1983-04-19 1984-11-21 FONDEDILE S.p.A Method for making a concrete or similar pile on site
DE3501128A1 (de) * 1985-01-15 1986-07-17 Gkn Keller Gmbh, 6050 Offenbach Abdichtung und deren herstellungsverfahren zur schaffung tragfaehiger, abbaufaehiger bodenmassen fuer die ausfuehrung von untertagebauwerken, wie hohlraumbauten o.dgl.
US4958962A (en) * 1989-06-28 1990-09-25 Halliburton Company Methods of modifying the structural integrity of subterranean earth situs
EP0335709A3 (en) * 1988-03-31 1991-02-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Little Rock Shaft construction method
EP0513461A1 (fr) * 1991-05-14 1992-11-19 Compagnie Du Sol Procédé pour la réalisation de parois minces dans le sol et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
EP0539630A1 (en) * 1991-10-31 1993-05-05 Beheersmaatschappij Verstraeten B.V. Method of providing a foundation pile with enlarged base in the ground
US5436396A (en) * 1992-06-22 1995-07-25 Sandvik Rock Tools, Inc. Stabilizing compositions and methods for stabilizing subterranean formations
US5542782A (en) * 1991-06-24 1996-08-06 Halliburton Nus Environmental Corp. Method and apparatus for in situ installation of underground containment barriers under contaminated lands
US5560739A (en) * 1993-11-16 1996-10-01 Kabushiki Kaisha Ask Kenkyusho Method of forming a modified ground in an earthen foundation
US5765965A (en) * 1991-06-24 1998-06-16 Halliburton Nus Corporation Apparatus for in situ installation of underground containment barriers under contaminated lands
US5957624A (en) * 1991-06-24 1999-09-28 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Company Apparatus and method for in Situ installation of underground containment barriers under contaminated lands
US5967700A (en) * 1995-12-04 1999-10-19 Gunther; Johan M. Lime/cement columnar stabilization of soils
US6120214A (en) * 1999-01-20 2000-09-19 Layne Christensen Company Process for constructing reinforced subterranean columns
US6357968B1 (en) 2000-01-12 2002-03-19 Sandia Corporation Method and apparatus for constructing an underground barrier wall structure
US6685398B1 (en) 2002-10-18 2004-02-03 Johan M. Gunther Method to form in-situ pilings with diameters that can differ from axial station to axial station
US20040175242A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-09 Yong-Hyun Kim Soft ground improvement system
US6834720B1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2004-12-28 Sandia Corporation Method and apparatus for injecting particulate media into the ground
US20070228804A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-04 Howard Concrete Pumping, Inc. Remote mine seal spray nozzle assembly, system and methods of use
GB2430212B (en) * 2005-09-19 2008-02-13 Charles Michael De Fran Hedges Nozzle for apparatus for producing a containment barrier
CN102757104A (zh) * 2012-07-30 2012-10-31 山东省水利科学研究院 一种在中粗砂地层进行原位修复系统施工的工艺
CN102900068A (zh) * 2011-07-28 2013-01-30 辽宁江宁招标咨询服务有限公司 掺混式喷射器
US8424617B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2013-04-23 Foro Energy Inc. Methods and apparatus for delivering high power laser energy to a surface
US8571368B2 (en) 2010-07-21 2013-10-29 Foro Energy, Inc. Optical fiber configurations for transmission of laser energy over great distances
US8627901B1 (en) 2009-10-01 2014-01-14 Foro Energy, Inc. Laser bottom hole assembly
US8662160B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2014-03-04 Foro Energy Inc. Systems and conveyance structures for high power long distance laser transmission
US9027668B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2015-05-12 Foro Energy, Inc. Control system for high power laser drilling workover and completion unit
US9074422B2 (en) 2011-02-24 2015-07-07 Foro Energy, Inc. Electric motor for laser-mechanical drilling
US9080425B2 (en) 2008-10-17 2015-07-14 Foro Energy, Inc. High power laser photo-conversion assemblies, apparatuses and methods of use
US9089928B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2015-07-28 Foro Energy, Inc. Laser systems and methods for the removal of structures
US9138786B2 (en) 2008-10-17 2015-09-22 Foro Energy, Inc. High power laser pipeline tool and methods of use
US9242309B2 (en) 2012-03-01 2016-01-26 Foro Energy Inc. Total internal reflection laser tools and methods
US9244235B2 (en) 2008-10-17 2016-01-26 Foro Energy, Inc. Systems and assemblies for transferring high power laser energy through a rotating junction
US9267330B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2016-02-23 Foro Energy, Inc. Long distance high power optical laser fiber break detection and continuity monitoring systems and methods
US9347271B2 (en) 2008-10-17 2016-05-24 Foro Energy, Inc. Optical fiber cable for transmission of high power laser energy over great distances
US9360643B2 (en) 2011-06-03 2016-06-07 Foro Energy, Inc. Rugged passively cooled high power laser fiber optic connectors and methods of use
US9360631B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2016-06-07 Foro Energy, Inc. Optics assembly for high power laser tools
CN106145335A (zh) * 2015-04-08 2016-11-23 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 一种非连续式渗透反应墙修复污染地下水的系统及方法
US9562395B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2017-02-07 Foro Energy, Inc. High power laser-mechanical drilling bit and methods of use
US9664012B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2017-05-30 Foro Energy, Inc. High power laser decomissioning of multistring and damaged wells
US9669492B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2017-06-06 Foro Energy, Inc. High power laser offshore decommissioning tool, system and methods of use
US9719302B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2017-08-01 Foro Energy, Inc. High power laser perforating and laser fracturing tools and methods of use
CN108797570A (zh) * 2017-04-27 2018-11-13 上海工程机械厂有限公司 一种搅拌桩钻孔机
US10221687B2 (en) 2015-11-26 2019-03-05 Merger Mines Corporation Method of mining using a laser
US10301912B2 (en) * 2008-08-20 2019-05-28 Foro Energy, Inc. High power laser flow assurance systems, tools and methods

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JPS534906A (en) * 1976-07-05 1978-01-18 Youji Kashiwara Tire chain winding stand
JPS5981603U (ja) * 1982-11-26 1984-06-01 大阪工業株式会社 タイヤチエン装着用車輪支承具
DE3407382C2 (de) * 1984-02-29 1994-08-04 Zueblin Ag Verfahren zur Fertigung einer etwa waagrechten Dichtungsschicht und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
GB2156877B (en) * 1984-02-29 1988-02-10 Zueblin Ag Method and apparatus for the subsequent underground sealing of dumps
JPS6146175U (ja) * 1984-08-25 1986-03-27 正 壁谷 自動車タイヤチエ−ン掛け台
IT1231295B (it) * 1988-11-18 1991-11-28 Nit Co Ltd Metodo per modificare il terreno con un materiale indurente mescolato ed iniettato ad una pressione molto elevata e apparecchiatura per la modifica del terreno.
RU2133795C1 (ru) * 1997-12-03 1999-07-27 Голованов Александр Михайлович Способ закрепления грунта
JP4313773B2 (ja) * 2005-03-14 2009-08-12 株式会社エヌ・アイ・ティ 地盤硬化材注入工法とその装置

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US1411057A (en) * 1921-04-30 1922-03-28 Miller Elias Newton Sealing device for wells
US2196211A (en) * 1938-05-28 1940-04-09 John P Hartman Method and apparatus for grouting
US2403643A (en) * 1944-02-25 1946-07-09 George L Dresser Method of and apparatus for introducing grout into subsoil
US3243962A (en) * 1961-04-17 1966-04-05 George R Ratliff Method and apparatus for treating soil
US3303656A (en) * 1962-12-21 1967-02-14 Richard E Landau Method and apparatus for constructing columns of material in soil
US3391544A (en) * 1966-12-05 1968-07-09 Intrusion Prepakt Inc Means and method of forming concrete piles
US3608318A (en) * 1969-05-12 1971-09-28 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for injecting relatively water-impervious dikes in relatively permeable earth formations,and forming earth-filled tanks and canals therewith

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US1411057A (en) * 1921-04-30 1922-03-28 Miller Elias Newton Sealing device for wells
US2196211A (en) * 1938-05-28 1940-04-09 John P Hartman Method and apparatus for grouting
US2403643A (en) * 1944-02-25 1946-07-09 George L Dresser Method of and apparatus for introducing grout into subsoil
US3243962A (en) * 1961-04-17 1966-04-05 George R Ratliff Method and apparatus for treating soil
US3303656A (en) * 1962-12-21 1967-02-14 Richard E Landau Method and apparatus for constructing columns of material in soil
US3391544A (en) * 1966-12-05 1968-07-09 Intrusion Prepakt Inc Means and method of forming concrete piles
US3608318A (en) * 1969-05-12 1971-09-28 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for injecting relatively water-impervious dikes in relatively permeable earth formations,and forming earth-filled tanks and canals therewith

Cited By (70)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3971222A (en) * 1974-05-28 1976-07-27 Robert Burke Soil stabilization
US4084648A (en) * 1976-02-12 1978-04-18 Kajima Corporation Process for the high-pressure grouting within the earth and apparatus adapted for carrying out same
FR2363668A1 (fr) * 1976-09-02 1978-03-31 Konoike Const Procede de stabilisation des sols a l'aide d'une suspension de consolidation contenant des bulles d'air
US4133179A (en) * 1976-09-02 1979-01-09 Konoike Construction Co., Ltd. Soil stabilizing method using air bubbled solidifying suspension
EP0125490A1 (en) * 1983-04-19 1984-11-21 FONDEDILE S.p.A Method for making a concrete or similar pile on site
US4601613A (en) * 1983-04-19 1986-07-22 Fondedile S.P.A. Method for making a concrete or similar pillar on site, and resulting pillar
DE3501128A1 (de) * 1985-01-15 1986-07-17 Gkn Keller Gmbh, 6050 Offenbach Abdichtung und deren herstellungsverfahren zur schaffung tragfaehiger, abbaufaehiger bodenmassen fuer die ausfuehrung von untertagebauwerken, wie hohlraumbauten o.dgl.
DE3501128C3 (de) * 1985-01-15 1998-11-12 Keller Grundbau Gmbh Abdichtung für die Ausführung von Untertagebauwerken
EP0335709A3 (en) * 1988-03-31 1991-02-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Little Rock Shaft construction method
US4958962A (en) * 1989-06-28 1990-09-25 Halliburton Company Methods of modifying the structural integrity of subterranean earth situs
EP0513461A1 (fr) * 1991-05-14 1992-11-19 Compagnie Du Sol Procédé pour la réalisation de parois minces dans le sol et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
WO1992020873A1 (fr) * 1991-05-14 1992-11-26 Compagnie Du Sol Procede pour la realisation de parois minces dans le sol et dispositif pour sa mise en ×uvre
US5542782A (en) * 1991-06-24 1996-08-06 Halliburton Nus Environmental Corp. Method and apparatus for in situ installation of underground containment barriers under contaminated lands
US5957624A (en) * 1991-06-24 1999-09-28 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Company Apparatus and method for in Situ installation of underground containment barriers under contaminated lands
US5765965A (en) * 1991-06-24 1998-06-16 Halliburton Nus Corporation Apparatus for in situ installation of underground containment barriers under contaminated lands
EP0539630A1 (en) * 1991-10-31 1993-05-05 Beheersmaatschappij Verstraeten B.V. Method of providing a foundation pile with enlarged base in the ground
US5436396A (en) * 1992-06-22 1995-07-25 Sandvik Rock Tools, Inc. Stabilizing compositions and methods for stabilizing subterranean formations
US5560739A (en) * 1993-11-16 1996-10-01 Kabushiki Kaisha Ask Kenkyusho Method of forming a modified ground in an earthen foundation
US5967700A (en) * 1995-12-04 1999-10-19 Gunther; Johan M. Lime/cement columnar stabilization of soils
US6120214A (en) * 1999-01-20 2000-09-19 Layne Christensen Company Process for constructing reinforced subterranean columns
US6357968B1 (en) 2000-01-12 2002-03-19 Sandia Corporation Method and apparatus for constructing an underground barrier wall structure
US6834720B1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2004-12-28 Sandia Corporation Method and apparatus for injecting particulate media into the ground
US6685398B1 (en) 2002-10-18 2004-02-03 Johan M. Gunther Method to form in-situ pilings with diameters that can differ from axial station to axial station
US20040175242A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-09 Yong-Hyun Kim Soft ground improvement system
US6902352B2 (en) * 2003-03-04 2005-06-07 Yong-Hyun Kim Soft ground improvement system
GB2430212B (en) * 2005-09-19 2008-02-13 Charles Michael De Fran Hedges Nozzle for apparatus for producing a containment barrier
US20070228804A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-04 Howard Concrete Pumping, Inc. Remote mine seal spray nozzle assembly, system and methods of use
US7682107B2 (en) * 2006-03-29 2010-03-23 Howard Concrete Pumping, Inc. Remote mine seal spray nozzle assembly, system and methods of use
US8662160B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2014-03-04 Foro Energy Inc. Systems and conveyance structures for high power long distance laser transmission
US9664012B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2017-05-30 Foro Energy, Inc. High power laser decomissioning of multistring and damaged wells
US8424617B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2013-04-23 Foro Energy Inc. Methods and apparatus for delivering high power laser energy to a surface
US8511401B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2013-08-20 Foro Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for delivering high power laser energy over long distances
US11060378B2 (en) * 2008-08-20 2021-07-13 Foro Energy, Inc. High power laser flow assurance systems, tools and methods
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GB1358431A (en) 1974-07-03

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