US3800794A - Method and apparatus for fluid flow control - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for fluid flow control Download PDF

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Publication number
US3800794A
US3800794A US3800794DA US3800794A US 3800794 A US3800794 A US 3800794A US 3800794D A US3800794D A US 3800794DA US 3800794 A US3800794 A US 3800794A
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Prior art keywords
flow rate
drop
frequency
drop flow
set forth
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English (en)
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H Georgi
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NEW IVAC Inc
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Ivac Medical Systems Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00—Control of flow
    • G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
    • G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
    • G05D7/0635—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
    • A61M5/16886—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body for measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. flowmeters
    • A61M5/1689—Drip counters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/13—Infusion monitoring
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
    • Y10T137/7761—Electrically actuated valve

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for parenteral administration of medical fluids, wherein a normally shut-off intravenous feeding tube is selectively opened at a frequency and open period duration automatically regulated by a digital control system to establish a fluid flow rate at any selected rate over a wide dynamic range. Measured and desired flow rates are converted to digital electrical signals and compared, the electrical difference being used to vary a control voltage which establishes the width of energizing pulses controlling a member for opening the feeding tube.
  • the frequency of the energizing pulses is a high, preferably nonintegral, multiple of the desired drop flow rate. Appropriate alarms respond to out-of-limit conditions indicated by the magnitude of the control voltage.
  • This invention relates generally to improvements in fluid flow control systems and, more particularly, to a new and improved automatic, self-regulating, highly accurate drop flow control system for parenteral administration of medical liquids over a wide range of fluid flow rates.
  • the intravenous set usually comprises a bottle of liquid, normally supported in an inverted position, an intravenous feeding tube, typically of plastic, and a suitable valve mechanism, such as a roll clamp, which allows the liquid to drip out of the bottle at a controlled rate into a drip chamber below the bottle.
  • the drip chamber serves the dual function of allowing a nurse or other attendant to observe the rate at which the liquid drips out of the bottle and also creates a reservoir for the liquid at the lower end of the chamber to ensure that no air enters the main feeding tube leading to the patient.
  • each of the aforedescribed measurements and calculations and flow rate adjustments usually takes several minutes time which, when multiplied by the number of stations being monitored and the number of times each station is monitored per day, can result in a substantial percentage of total personnel time available.
  • the mental calculations performed by a harried nurse in calculating flow rate may not always prove to be reliable and, hence, errors do occur resulting in undesired, possibly dangerous infusion flow rates.
  • a bottle or other container suspended above a patient is very susceptible to fluid flow rate variation due to changes in the liquid level in the bottle, changes in temperature, changes in the venous or arterial pressure of the patient, patient movement, and drift in the effective setting of the roll clamp or other valve mechanism pinching the feeding tube.
  • the present invention provides a new and improved method and apparatus for controlling drop flow in the parenteral administration of medical liquids, wherein the frequency and width of control pulses which open a normally shut-off feeding tube are controlled by a digital system capable of sensing and regulating drop flow rate accurately over a wide range of flow rates.
  • control pulse frequency representing desired flow rate is a relatively high, preferably non-integral, multiple of the actual drop flow rate frequency (typically expressed as DPM, or drops per minute) which results in less drop distortion and more consistently repeatable drop size from one drop to another.
  • control pulse width i.e., the open period duration for the feeding tube for each control 3 pulse.
  • Variation of control pulse width to regulate actual drop flow rate so that it is maintained within close tolerances at the desired flow rate is established by a closed loop subsystem.
  • a feeding tube clamping member (normally in the tube shut-off position) is repeatedly moved to the tube-open position by a driver which is, in turn, energized by pulses from a variable pulse generator which produces control pulses at a frequency which is a high multiple of the desired drop flow rate.
  • the width of each control pulse is determined by the amplitude of a control voltage produced by a rate memory which compares a pair of electrical signals proportional to the measured and desired drop flow rates, respectively, and integrates the electrical difference between these signals with the proper polarity to either increase or diminish the amplitude of the control voltage. In this way, precise regulation of the control pulses to the proper pulse width for establishing the desired drop flow rate is accomplished.
  • control voltage amplitude is monitored so that out-of-limit conditions calling for a flow rate in excess of system delivery capability, or indicating a leakage flow rate which cannot be terminated by the clamping member, trigger appropriate alarm subsystems.
  • the new and improved fluid flow control system of j the present invention is extremely accurate, reliable and easy to use.
  • the system provides digital precision in selecting and maintaining drop flow rates throughout a wide range, and the system is quick to inform medical personnel of any conditions which might pose a hazard to the patient.
  • the system of the present invention minimizes the time consuming and error prone aspects of human monitoring and flow rate adjustment and frees medical personnel for other duties.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a fluid flow control system in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram for one embodiment of a variable pulse width circuit suitable for use in the flow control system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a graphical representation illustrating typical drop size as a function of a driver pulse frequency.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings there is shown a drop flow control system embodying the novel features of the present invention.
  • IV normally connoting intravenous administration
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings a drop flow control system embodying the novel features of the present invention.
  • IV normally connoting intravenous administration
  • the flow control system of the present invention is suitable for other forms of parenteral administration as well as intravenous administration.
  • a drop flow monitor which includes a drop sensor 11 and a pulse generator 12 adapted to detect each drop as it falls and generate an electrical pulse train at a frequency directly proportional to the drop flow rate.
  • the drop sensor 11 monitors drop flow in a drip chamber (not shown) of the IV administration set and typically may include a sensor housing (not shown) containing a reference light source located a fixed distance from a photocell to define an optical sensing gap therebetween, with a reference light beam normally impinging upon the photocell.
  • the housing is appropriately clamped upon the drip chamber of the IV set with the drip chamber positioned within the sensing gap to intercept the reference beam.
  • a falling drop ,of fluid within the drip chamber interrupts the reference beam, and the variation in the electrical response of the photocell is communicated to appropriate circuitry indicating the presence of a drop.
  • a suitable drop sensor is set forth in copending'U. S. Patent application Ser. No. 685,928, inventor: Richard A.
  • the pulse generator 12 is typically a conventional Eccles-Jordan monostable flip-flop (one-shot) which provides an output pulse with a prescribed pulse width and amplitude each time a drop is detected by the drop sensor 11.
  • the pulse generator 12 provides a positive going pulse train proportional to measured drop flow rate, as an electrical input over line 13 to a rate memory 14.
  • a second electrical input to the rate memory 14 is provided over line 15 in theform of a negative going pulse train from a variable pulse generator 16.
  • the pulse generator 16 is typically a variable frequency square wave generator which generates a negative pulse train at a frequency determined by a conventional rate selector (not shown) which alters the control voltage that establishes the output frequency of the pulse generator 16.
  • the positive pulse train from the pulse generator 12, indicative of measured drop flow rate, and the negative pulsetrain from the pulse generator 16, indicative of desired drop flow rate, are combined and compared in the rate memory 14, the electrical difference between the signals indicating measured and desired rates being integrated in therate memory with the proper polarity to either increase or diminish the amplitude of a dc output control voltage which is fed from the memory over line 18 as an electrical input to a pulse generator 19 having a selectively variable output pulse width.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings One embodiment of electrical circuitry suitable for carrying out necessary functions of the rate memory 14 is illustrated within the dashed outline in FIG. 1 of the drawings.
  • the negative pulse train from the pulse generator 16 is directed through a current determining resistor R1 and diode D1 as input to the negative channel of a conventional operational amplifier 20 which, together with a capacitor C1, is electrically wired in a conventional integrating configuration to provide the dc. control voltage output over line 18.
  • the positive pulse train from the pulse generator 12 is directed through a current determining resistor R2 and diode D2 as an additional input to the same negative channel of the amplifier 20 as the negative pulse train passed by the diode D1.
  • the net electrical input to the amplifier 20 is zero, since the positive and negative pulses essentially cancel each other out, and the dc. control voltage output over line 18 stays constant. If the desired rate is higher than the measured rate, the control voltage output drifts more positive while, on the other hand, the control voltage drifts more negative if the flow rate measured is higher than the desired flow rate. It will also be apparent that, in the event the electrical inputs to the amplifier 20 are disconnected, the dc. control voltage output of the amplifier will hold constant at its last level prior to disconnection.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawings One example of electrical circuitry suitable for carrying out the necessary functions of the pulse generator 19 having variable output pulse width, is illustrated in FIG. 2 of the drawings.
  • the negative pulse train from the variable pulse generator 16 over line 21 is first differentiated in a conventional manner by a capacitor C2 and resistor R3 and passed by a diode D3 as trigger pulse input to a standard Eccles-Jordan monostable flip-flop or one-shot provided by resistors R4, R5, R6, R7, a capacitor C3, and a pair of transistors T1, T2.
  • the resistor R4 and capacitor C3 determine the time constant of the one-shot and, hence, the width of the output pulses from the pulse generator 19. The latter pulse width is dependent upon the amplitude of the negative voltage charging the capacitor C3 through the resistor R4. Therefore, in order to render the conventional one-shot capable of variable pulse width output, the resistor R4 is connected to a variable control voltage as opposed to being returned to ground in the conventional manner.
  • the variable control voltage is the output of the rate memory 14 over line 18.
  • variable width pulse ble to control by the pulse output over line 22 from the pulse generator 19.
  • the pulse output from the pulse generator 16 directed over lines 15 and 21 is a relatively high multiple of the actual drop flow ratefrequency desired. Thereason for this will be apparent from FIG. 3.
  • each drop which flows through the intravenous feeding tube 26 is made up of a multiplicity of smaller drop portions which are attached to each other to form a contiguous fluid body making up the final drop which is thus grown in steps under the control of the energizing pulses from the pulse generator 19.
  • the width of the generating circuits susceptible to control by the control voltage from the rate memory 14 may be utilized for the variable pulse width generator 19 without in any way departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the output pulses from the pulse generator 19 are directed over a line 22 as energizing pulse input to a driver 23 which, in turn, energizes an electromagnet 24 to move a clamping member 25 away from a flexible intravenous feeding tube 26, to thereby open the feeding tube for fluid flow.
  • the clamping member 25 is normally spring-biased to a position which pinches the tube 26 in a shut-off state.
  • Each output pulse over line 22 causes the clamping member 25 to be retracted and thereby open the feeding tube 26 for the duration of the energizing pulse width.
  • the electromagnet 24 and clamping member 25 may be a solenoid controlled finger normally pressing the feeding tube 26 against an appropriate clamping surface provided by a rigid block 27 or the like.
  • Other selective tube clamping expedients may be utilized, however, as long as they are susceptilatter pulses is varied by the closed loop system including the drop sensor 11, pulse generator 12 and rate memory 14 to ensure regulation of the actual drop flow rate measured to the desired drop flow rate indicated by the pulse output from the pulse generator 16.
  • the sizes of the current determining resistors R1 and R2 are selected in accordance with conventional design practices to compensate for the high ratio of pulse frequency over line 15 when compared with the pulse frequency over line 13, so that the average current flow into the summing junction 28 between the diode D1 and D2 is not affected by the ratio of frequencies.
  • the control voltage output from the rate memory 14 is also directed over a line 29 to any appropriate monitor and alarm system (not shown) for detecting out-oflimit conditions such as an over-speed or runaway condition indicated by an excessively high control voltage from the rate memory 14, or an unusually low level control voltage indicating leakage in the feeding tube 26 with the clamping member 25 in the tube shut-off position.
  • monitor and alarm systems may take any form well known in the art, such as high and low level discriminators for selectively triggering aural or visual alarms.
  • the new and improved method and apparatus for drop flow control satisfied a long existing need in the medical arts for an extremely accurate, relatively low cost, reliable, easy to use system providing digitial precision in selecting and maintaining drop flow rates over a wide range.
  • the system of the present invention functions to maintain selected flow rates substantially independent of changes in temperature, crimps in the feeding tube, variations in venous or arterial pressure of the patient, muscular activity of the patient, or variations in the height of the 1V bottle or solution level within the bottle.
  • an intravenous set including drop forming means and fluid conduit means coupled to said drop forming means
  • control pulses are produced at a frequency that is a relatively high multiple of the desired drop flow rate.
  • control pulses are produced at a frequency that is an integral multiple of the desired drop flow rate.
  • control pulses are produced at a frequency that is a nonintegral multiple of the desired drop flow rate.
  • control voltage is the integral of the difference between said first and second signals.
  • apparatus for controlling the rate of drop flow comprising:
  • a feeding tube coupled to said drop forming means
  • tube clamping means for closing said feeding tube to prevent liquid flow therethrough; flow rate setting means for designating a desired flow rate;
  • Apparatus as set forth in claim 18, wherein said means for producing a control pulse includes:
  • variable frequency pulse generator means for generating a first electrical signal proportional to the desired drop flow rate.
  • fluid conduit is automatically and continuously opened and closed to provide a continuing drop flow at the desired rate.
  • said flow monitoring means includes a drop sensing means for generating a pulse train at a frequency proportional to measured drop flow rate.
  • said rate setting means includes a pulse generator for generating said electrical signal as a pulse train at a higher frequency than the desired drop flow rate.
  • apparatus for controlling the rate of drop flow comprising:
  • driver means for selectively energizing said clamping means to unclamp said tube
  • rate setting means for generating an electrical signal having a frequency greater than the desired drop flow rate
  • control means responsive to both said rate setting means and said flow monitoring means producing a train of control pulses at the frequency of said electrical signal for regulating the duration of each period of energization of said clamping means by said driver means.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)
US3800794D 1970-12-30 1970-12-30 Method and apparatus for fluid flow control Expired - Lifetime US3800794A (en)

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JP (1) JPS5543780B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA986380A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2145421C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2120648A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1361062A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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Cited By (34)

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US3890968A (en) * 1971-06-25 1975-06-24 Sci Systems Inc Fluid flow control means
US3986526A (en) * 1974-06-14 1976-10-19 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Hybrid fluidic and fluid servo controller
US4019981A (en) * 1973-10-20 1977-04-26 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for the preparation of mineral mixtures on a jig controlled by compressed air
US4077405A (en) * 1975-03-26 1978-03-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for infusing liquids into human or animal bodies
US4105028A (en) * 1976-10-12 1978-08-08 Sadlier Patricia M Positive control intravenous fluid administration
US4211340A (en) * 1978-08-21 1980-07-08 Shell Oil Company Catalyst regeneration
DE2913191A1 (de) * 1979-04-02 1980-10-23 Varta Batterie Verfahren zum automatischen nachfuellen von wasser in akkumulatorenbatterien
US4303376A (en) * 1979-07-09 1981-12-01 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Flow metering cassette and controller
US4325347A (en) * 1979-03-29 1982-04-20 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Method of controlling fluid flow rate using on-off type electromagnetic valve
US4389886A (en) * 1981-03-02 1983-06-28 Lutheran General Hospital, Inc. Calibrating unit
US4452273A (en) * 1981-08-28 1984-06-05 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for controlling drop-wise flow of fluid material
EP0064536A4 (en) * 1980-11-07 1984-06-13 Ivac Corp METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FLOW-CONTROLLED PARENTERAL DELIVERY OF LIQUIDS.
WO1984003048A1 (en) * 1983-02-11 1984-08-16 Baxter Travenol Lab Intermittent drop detecting method and apparatus
US4504263A (en) * 1982-12-22 1985-03-12 Valleylab, Inc. Flow rate monitor with optical sensing chamber
US4563173A (en) * 1983-04-19 1986-01-07 National Biomedical Research Foundation Pump-actuated sequencing valve and system
US4626241A (en) * 1985-03-06 1986-12-02 Ivac Corporation Apparatus and method for controlling the parenteral administration of fluids
WO1993010851A1 (en) * 1991-12-06 1993-06-10 Teeple Edward Jr Method, apparatus for preparing and administering intravenous anesthesia infusions
US5232439A (en) * 1992-11-02 1993-08-03 Infusion Technologies Corporation Method for pumping fluid from a flexible, variable geometry reservoir
US5409194A (en) * 1990-04-12 1995-04-25 Crouzet Electromenager Variable flow electrically controlled valve
US5411482A (en) * 1992-11-02 1995-05-02 Infusion Technologies Corporation Valve system and method for control of an infusion pump
US5553741A (en) * 1993-08-06 1996-09-10 River Medical, Inc. Liquid delivery device
US5588556A (en) * 1993-08-06 1996-12-31 River Medical, Inc. Method for generating gas to deliver liquid from a container
US5700245A (en) * 1995-07-13 1997-12-23 Winfield Medical Apparatus for the generation of gas pressure for controlled fluid delivery
US6003543A (en) * 1996-06-12 1999-12-21 Gas Technology Canada Electronic gas regulator
US6929235B1 (en) 2002-04-19 2005-08-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Apparatus for flow rate control
US6929236B1 (en) 2002-04-19 2005-08-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Apparatus for flow rate control
US6935190B1 (en) 2002-04-23 2005-08-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Flow rate measurement apparatus
US20100209267A1 (en) * 2009-02-18 2010-08-19 Davis David L Infusion pump with integrated permanent magnet
US20100211002A1 (en) * 2009-02-18 2010-08-19 Davis David L Electromagnetic infusion pump with integral flow monitor
US20100209268A1 (en) * 2009-02-18 2010-08-19 Davis David L Low cost disposable infusion pump
US8749393B1 (en) * 2011-02-14 2014-06-10 Control Air Conditioning Corporation Water leak detection and shut-off method and apparatus using differential flow rate sensors
WO2017137421A1 (en) 2016-02-09 2017-08-17 Bracco Injeneering S.A. Method of operating an injection system
US10578098B2 (en) 2005-07-13 2020-03-03 Baxter International Inc. Medical fluid delivery device actuated via motive fluid
US11478578B2 (en) 2012-06-08 2022-10-25 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Medical fluid cassettes and related systems and methods

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US4037598A (en) * 1974-08-12 1977-07-26 Ivac Corporation Method and apparatus for fluid flow control
JPS58120156U (ja) * 1982-02-10 1983-08-16 東芝テック株式会社 デコレ−タのカ−ボン紙巻取装置
DE3311274A1 (de) * 1982-04-05 1983-10-06 Ipco Corp Infusionsueberwachungsgeraet
DE3344848A1 (de) * 1983-12-12 1985-06-13 "gutta" Gesellschaft für Infusionstechnik mbH, 2000 Hamburg Lufterkennungseinrichtung fuer schwerkraftinfusionsregelgeraete

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US3163176A (en) * 1962-03-14 1964-12-29 Barth Engineering And Mfg Comp Apparatus for sensing and controlling fluid flow in the form of discrete free-falling drops
GB1109175A (en) * 1964-08-05 1968-04-10 Decca Ltd Improvements in or relating to drip feed apparatus
US3252623A (en) * 1965-07-22 1966-05-24 C F Liquidation Corp Apparatus for monitoring dispensing of liquid
DE1541363A1 (de) * 1965-11-23 1969-04-24 Naum Diamant Dosiergeraet fuer Infusionseinrichtungen
US3450153A (en) * 1967-06-26 1969-06-17 Gen Electric Electrical pulse generator and regulator for fluid flow and like control systems
US3601124A (en) * 1968-08-29 1971-08-24 Frank L Petree Fluid flow regulator

Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3890968A (en) * 1971-06-25 1975-06-24 Sci Systems Inc Fluid flow control means
US4019981A (en) * 1973-10-20 1977-04-26 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for the preparation of mineral mixtures on a jig controlled by compressed air
US3986526A (en) * 1974-06-14 1976-10-19 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Hybrid fluidic and fluid servo controller
US4077405A (en) * 1975-03-26 1978-03-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for infusing liquids into human or animal bodies
US4105028A (en) * 1976-10-12 1978-08-08 Sadlier Patricia M Positive control intravenous fluid administration
US4211340A (en) * 1978-08-21 1980-07-08 Shell Oil Company Catalyst regeneration
US4325347A (en) * 1979-03-29 1982-04-20 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Method of controlling fluid flow rate using on-off type electromagnetic valve
DE2913191A1 (de) * 1979-04-02 1980-10-23 Varta Batterie Verfahren zum automatischen nachfuellen von wasser in akkumulatorenbatterien
US4359071A (en) * 1979-04-02 1982-11-16 Varta Batterie Aktiengesellschaft Automatic water refilling of storage batteries
US4303376A (en) * 1979-07-09 1981-12-01 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Flow metering cassette and controller
EP0064536A4 (en) * 1980-11-07 1984-06-13 Ivac Corp METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FLOW-CONTROLLED PARENTERAL DELIVERY OF LIQUIDS.
US4389886A (en) * 1981-03-02 1983-06-28 Lutheran General Hospital, Inc. Calibrating unit
US4452273A (en) * 1981-08-28 1984-06-05 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for controlling drop-wise flow of fluid material
US4504263A (en) * 1982-12-22 1985-03-12 Valleylab, Inc. Flow rate monitor with optical sensing chamber
WO1984003048A1 (en) * 1983-02-11 1984-08-16 Baxter Travenol Lab Intermittent drop detecting method and apparatus
US4469480A (en) * 1983-02-11 1984-09-04 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Intermittent drop detecting method and apparatus
US4563173A (en) * 1983-04-19 1986-01-07 National Biomedical Research Foundation Pump-actuated sequencing valve and system
US4626241A (en) * 1985-03-06 1986-12-02 Ivac Corporation Apparatus and method for controlling the parenteral administration of fluids
US5409194A (en) * 1990-04-12 1995-04-25 Crouzet Electromenager Variable flow electrically controlled valve
WO1993010851A1 (en) * 1991-12-06 1993-06-10 Teeple Edward Jr Method, apparatus for preparing and administering intravenous anesthesia infusions
US5232439A (en) * 1992-11-02 1993-08-03 Infusion Technologies Corporation Method for pumping fluid from a flexible, variable geometry reservoir
US5411482A (en) * 1992-11-02 1995-05-02 Infusion Technologies Corporation Valve system and method for control of an infusion pump
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2120648A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-18
DE2145421B2 (de) 1980-06-26
DE2145421C3 (de) 1981-03-19
JPS5543780B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-11-08
NL7111735A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-04
DE2145421A1 (de) 1972-07-27
CA986380A (en) 1976-03-30
GB1361062A (en) 1974-07-24

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