US3798491A - Rounded end halogen lamp with spiral exhaust tube and method of manufacutre - Google Patents

Rounded end halogen lamp with spiral exhaust tube and method of manufacutre Download PDF

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Publication number
US3798491A
US3798491A US00315772A US3798491DA US3798491A US 3798491 A US3798491 A US 3798491A US 00315772 A US00315772 A US 00315772A US 3798491D A US3798491D A US 3798491DA US 3798491 A US3798491 A US 3798491A
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Prior art keywords
lamp
exhaust tube
spiral
lead wires
envelope
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00315772A
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English (en)
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R Malm
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/28—Envelopes; Vessels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An incandescent lamp of the tungsten-halogen type having an envelope of an aluminosilicate glass comprising in percent by weight SiO between 59 to 70, A1 0 between 10 to 20 and BaO between 7.4 to 28 and having a coefficient of expansion between 36 and 40x10 per C and a tungsten filament connected to lead wires which are directly sealed into the envelope.
  • One end of the lamp envelope is rounded and the other end contains the seal and the tipped-off residue of an exhaust tube.
  • Enclosed in the tipped-off residue is a spiral oftungsten wire which keeps the exhaust tube open during the lead wire sealing operation.
  • the invention relates to tungsten-halogen incandescent lampshaving a rounded end type of envelope of ahigh temperature glass and a method of manufacture therefor. More particularly, the invention relates to a lamp construction which has a spiral of tungsten wire embedded in the tipped-off residue of an exhaust tube, said spiral keepsthe exhaust tube open during the lead wire sealing operation.
  • Incandescent lamps such as are described in greater detail in Fridrich et al. US. Pat. No. 2,883,571, eliminate bulb wall blackening through theuse of a tungsten-iodine regenerative cycle.
  • Other halogens such as bromine and chlorine, may also be used for regenerative cycle lamps.
  • the objects of the invention are accomplished through the use of a tungsten spiral embedded in an exhaust tube in combination with certain aluminosilicate glasses and refractory metal lead wires.
  • a pre-formed rounded end bulb of a known glass comprising by weight percent between 59 and SiO,, IO to 10 A1 0 and 7.4 to 28 BaO having a softening point approximately 1 C and a coefficient of expansion between 36 and 40Xl0' C is positioned over a mount pin which holds an exhaust tube with a refractory metal spiral, such as tungsten, lightly embedded in the interior of the tube.
  • the mount pin also contains two refractory metal lead wires to which is attached a tungsten filament.
  • Heat is applied to the open end of the bulb thereby collapsing the bulb around the lead wires and the exterior portion of the exhaust tube containing the tungsten spiral.
  • the lamp is then flushed with an inert. gas to remove impurities and filled with a gas containing a halogen after which the exhaust tube is tipped off.
  • the rounded end of the'lamp can be immersed into a coolant such as liquid nitrogen and then tipped again to form a pressurized lamp.
  • FIG. 1 is afront elevation view of one embodiment of the lamp of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of a lamp of the invention containing a lens
  • FIG, 3 is a side elevation section view of the lamp of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the attaching of the tungsten spiral to the exhaust tube
  • FIG. 5 shows the attaching of a filament to lead wires
  • FIG. 6 shows a method of sealing the lamp of the invention
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a method of flushing, filling and tipping the lamp of the invention
  • FIG. 8 shows an additional tipping operation
  • FIG. 9 shows a method of cracking carbon from a halogen hydrocarbon.
  • the lamp 10 of the invention has an envelope 1 with a rounded end 12.
  • Rounded end 12 is preferably free of all irregularities and striations so that there is a minimum amount of distortion of the illumination of filament 13. Distortion-free light of this kind is required in certain applications, such as medical and optical examining instrument lighting because the pattern of illumination is critical in diagnosis.
  • Tungsten filament 13 is attached to lead wires 14 by bending one end of the lead to form a hook or clamp as shown at location 15.
  • lead wires 14 are of a refractory metal such as molybdenum or tungsten. The lead wires are sealed to envelope 11 at area 16.
  • lead wires for tungsten halogen lamps could not be directly sealed to the envelope because the coefficient of expansion of a quartz or fused silica envelope, which could withstand the required bulb wall temperatures of the tungsten-halogen cycle, was significantly less than that of a refractory metal lead wire. Most tungsten-halogen lamp seals are therefore formed between extremely thin foil or foliated sections of refractory metals.
  • a high temperature aluminosilicate glass comprising by weight percent between 59 and 70 SiO 10 to 20 A1 and 7.4 to 28 BaO, it was found that an effective seal between the lead wires and envelope could be made directly, that is to say, without. the use of a foil conductor.
  • Other properties of the glass are a melting point of approximately 1 100C and a coefficient of expansion between 36 and 40X 1 0" per C between 0 and 300C.
  • the coefficients of expansion for molybdenum and tungsten are 52 and 46x10 7 per C between 0 and 300C respectively.
  • tipped-off residue 17 of an exhaust tube Located opposite rounded end 12 is tipped-off residue 17 of an exhaust tube. Contained within the tippedoff residue 17 is a spiral 18 of tungsten wire, which keeps the exhaust tube open to its full inside diameter during the lead wire sealing operation so that lamp can be subsequently flushed and filled.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 of the drawings show another embodiment of the lamp of the invention.
  • Lamp 19 which is similar to lamp 10 of FIG. 1, has an envelope 20 shaped such that rounded end 21 contains a lens 22 integral with the envelope.
  • Filament 23 is attached to lead wires 24 by forming a hook at 25.
  • Spiral 26 is embedded in tipped-off residue 27 to keep the exhaust tube open during the lead wire sealing operation.
  • An example of a glass composition used in the lamp of the invention is, by weight percent, 62.0 SiO 17.2 A1 0 19.0 BaO, 1.5 CaO along with traces of ZrO and TiO.
  • the lead wires of this particular lamp are 8-mil diameter molybdenum and the refractory metal spiral is made of tungsten.
  • FIGS. 4-8 The method used to manufacture lamps 10 and 19 is illustrated in FIGS. 4-8.
  • spiral 28 is positioned in exhaust tube 30 at one end.
  • the outer surface of exhaust tube 30 is lightly heated by fires 31 to form exhaust tube assembly 32.
  • This heating action softens the glass of the inner tube surface such that there is a small flow of glass between the turns of the spiral. It was found that, if the spiral had completely closed turns, difficulties were encountered in very small diameter tubes. Therefore, it is preferable to have at least some space between spiral turns.
  • FIG. 5 Another step in the assembly process, mount making, is illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • Filament 33 is attached to lead wires 34 by bending the lead wire to form a hook.
  • Tool 35 is shown bending the end of lead wire 34 to hold one end of the filament in place.
  • a like operation is performed on the other lead wire to form filament mount 41.
  • FIG. 6 shows head 38 which has an opening 36 for positioning exhaust tube assembly 32 and openings 37 for positioning lead wires 34.
  • a pre-formed rounded end bulb 40 is positioned over filament mount 41 and exhaust tube assembly 32. Fires 42 are applied to the bulb to melt the glass around lead wires 34 and around the end of exhaust tube assembly 32 containing tungsten spiral 28.
  • the degree of melting of the envelope is less critical than in direct lead wire sealing. Since the degree of melting is less critical in the foil seal applications, it is possible to seal an exhaust tube into the lead wire seal area without closing the exhaust tube. However, this is not the case in applications having a direct or straight through lead wire seal. Accordingly, it is difficult to'obtain a hermetic seal and maintain the exhaust tube in an open condition. Fires which would allow the exhaust tube to stay open would not form a good seal and fires which formed a good seal would close the exhaust tube. Prior to and during the sealing operation, nitrogen flows from conduit 43 through passage 44 in exhaust tube 30 into bulb 40 to prevent the lamp parts from oxidizing when the fires are applied to the envelope.
  • Retractable flush capillary tube 61 is placed inside sealed lamp 39, as shown in FIG. 7, and the flow of nitrogen through the envelope and out the lower end 45 of exhaust tube 30 continues until the envelope is free of impurities.
  • Two-way valve 46 closes nitrogen conduit 56 and opens fill gas conduit 57 to allow a preselected fill gas to flow into lamp 39.
  • the fill gas used in making one of the types of lamps of the invention contains 98.95 percent by volume of krypton, 0.05 percent by volume of oxygen, and 1 percent by volume of methyl iodide (Cl-I l).
  • flush capillary tube 61 is retracted to a point below location 49 and tipping fires 48 long tip or seal the exhaust tube at a desired location such as 49.
  • Lamp 39 may be tipped at any location along exhaust tube 30 up to the lower edge 50 of spiral 28.
  • the lamp illustrated in FIG. 7 will be pressurized and therefore is tipped at 49 so that the volume of fill gas contained in the exhaust tube can be moved into the envelope during a subsequent short tipping operation shown in FIG. 8.
  • container 51 is filled with a coolant 52, such as liquid nitrogen.
  • Lamp 39 is immersed in the coolant 52, and the fill gas from the exhaust tube and the bulb 40 condense in the colder portion 53 of the bulb.
  • tires 54 heat exhaust tube 30 at location 55 to tip the exhaust tube for the second time thereby decreasing the volume of the exhaust tube.
  • the resultant decreases in volume for a fixed quantity of fill gas raises the pressure within lamp 39..
  • the fill gas contains methyl iodide (CI-I 1). It has been found in certain applications that, if methyl iodide is not cracked before the lamp is used, it will crack when the filament is lighted and it is believed that carbon from the methyl hydrocarbon will combine with the tungsten filament to form a eutectic which reduces the melting temperature of the tungsten wire to below the lamp-operating temperature.
  • FIG. 9 One method of cracking the carbon is illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • Lamp 39 is placed near semicircular probe 47 of a high frequency coil, not shown, and an arc is formed between the bottom portion 59 of lead wire 34 and the probe 47.
  • the energy of the arc breaks down the methyl iodide thereby freeing the iodine for the halogen cycle.
  • it is important that the are be struck near the seal area because the cracking creates a residue which discolors the bulb wall and would be quite harmful if it were located in the near vicinity of the rounded end.
  • An incandescent lamp comprising: an envelope of high temperature aluminosilicate glass comprising by weight percent between 59 and 70 percent SiO to percent A1 0 and 7.4 to 28 percent BaO, said envelope also having a rounded end, refractory metal lead wires hermetically sealed into said envelope at one end of said envelope opposite said rounded end, a tungsten filament connected at each end to said lead-in wires, said envelope containing the tipped-off residue of an exhaust tube located at the end of the envelope opposite the rounded end, said tipped-off residue containing a refractory metal spiral for keeping the exhaust tube open while said lead-in wires are hermetically sealed in said envelope, and a filling within said envelope containing an'inert gas and a halogen.
  • a method of manufacturing an incandescent lamp comprising:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
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US00315772A 1972-12-18 1972-12-18 Rounded end halogen lamp with spiral exhaust tube and method of manufacutre Expired - Lifetime US3798491A (en)

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US31577272A 1972-12-18 1972-12-18

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US (1) US3798491A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5846822B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2362528A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2210822B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1453943A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3912960A (en) * 1974-06-21 1975-10-14 Gen Electric Halogen lamp with internal molybdenum parts
US3932164A (en) * 1973-08-14 1976-01-13 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing miniature incandescent lamps
US3978362A (en) * 1975-08-07 1976-08-31 Corning Glass Works Glass envelope for tungsten-bromine lamp
US4015157A (en) * 1974-09-20 1977-03-29 General Electric Company Iodine lamp with molybdenum parts
US4015158A (en) * 1974-08-30 1977-03-29 General Electric Company Bromine lamp with molybdenum parts
US4126810A (en) * 1976-06-01 1978-11-21 General Electric Company Ceramic base for glass halogen lamps
US4139794A (en) * 1976-11-26 1979-02-13 General Electric Company Wedge-pin glass halogen lamp with transverse reference feature
DE2915556A1 (de) * 1978-04-20 1979-10-31 Philips Nv Elektrische lampe
EP0019850A1 (en) * 1979-05-24 1980-12-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Halogen incandescent lamp
US4394453A (en) * 1981-09-08 1983-07-19 Corning Glass Works Envelopes for tungsten-halogen lamps
US4409516A (en) * 1981-01-22 1983-10-11 General Electric Company Rounded end halogen lamp with exhaust tube having different glass
US4409337A (en) * 1982-11-12 1983-10-11 Corning Glass Works Glass envelopes for tungsten-halogen lamps
US4463277A (en) * 1980-08-11 1984-07-31 North American Philips Lighting Corporation Compact halogen-cycle incandescent lamp, and lamp unit utilizing such lamp as a light source
US4857804A (en) * 1982-04-28 1989-08-15 Gte Products Corporation Tungsten-halogen lamp with metal additive
DE4008817A1 (de) * 1989-03-24 1990-09-27 Gen Electric Reflektorlampen-einheit
US5037342A (en) * 1988-11-15 1991-08-06 Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen M.B.H. Method of making an electric lamp, and more particularly a lamp vessel in which electrodes are retained in the lamp by a pinch or press seal
US5359262A (en) * 1992-08-31 1994-10-25 Welch Allyn, Inc. Sub-miniature tungsten halogen lamp with major inert gas and minor halide gas constitutes
US5473226A (en) * 1993-11-16 1995-12-05 Osram Sylvania Inc. Incandescent lamp having hardglass envelope with internal barrier layer
US6153974A (en) * 1998-09-23 2000-11-28 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Halogen incandescent lamp
WO2007039848A1 (en) 2005-10-05 2007-04-12 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Cracking of halogenated hydrocarbon in bulb of a halogen lamp by external heat source
US20160313684A1 (en) * 2015-04-24 2016-10-27 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Heater, fixing device, and image forming apparatus

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2032909B (en) * 1978-08-09 1982-12-22 Gen Electric Sealing glass compositions
JPH0562650A (ja) * 1991-02-21 1993-03-12 General Electric Co <Ge> 二重フイラメント白熱灯

Citations (2)

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US2825040A (en) * 1955-03-31 1958-02-25 Gen Electric Ornamental illuminating device
US3496401A (en) * 1965-12-30 1970-02-17 Corning Glass Works Glass envelopes for iodine cycle incandescent lamps

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BE464660A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US1833488A (en) * 1926-09-08 1931-11-24 Sirian Lamp Co Apparatus for manufacturing electric light bulbs
GB717630A (en) * 1951-07-20 1954-10-27 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to electric incandescent lamps
NL280883A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1961-07-13
US3270237A (en) * 1963-06-26 1966-08-30 Gen Electric Electric lamp with single ended pinch seal
DE1802092A1 (de) * 1968-10-09 1970-06-04 Patra Patent Treuhand Verfahren zum Verschliessen von mit UEberdruck gefuellten Glassockel-Gluehlampen

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2825040A (en) * 1955-03-31 1958-02-25 Gen Electric Ornamental illuminating device
US3496401A (en) * 1965-12-30 1970-02-17 Corning Glass Works Glass envelopes for iodine cycle incandescent lamps

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3932164A (en) * 1973-08-14 1976-01-13 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing miniature incandescent lamps
US3912960A (en) * 1974-06-21 1975-10-14 Gen Electric Halogen lamp with internal molybdenum parts
US4015158A (en) * 1974-08-30 1977-03-29 General Electric Company Bromine lamp with molybdenum parts
US4015157A (en) * 1974-09-20 1977-03-29 General Electric Company Iodine lamp with molybdenum parts
US3978362A (en) * 1975-08-07 1976-08-31 Corning Glass Works Glass envelope for tungsten-bromine lamp
US4126810A (en) * 1976-06-01 1978-11-21 General Electric Company Ceramic base for glass halogen lamps
US4139794A (en) * 1976-11-26 1979-02-13 General Electric Company Wedge-pin glass halogen lamp with transverse reference feature
DE2915556A1 (de) * 1978-04-20 1979-10-31 Philips Nv Elektrische lampe
US4221989A (en) * 1978-04-20 1980-09-09 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp seal construction
EP0019850A1 (en) * 1979-05-24 1980-12-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Halogen incandescent lamp
US4366409A (en) * 1979-05-24 1982-12-28 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Halogen incandescent lamp
US4463277A (en) * 1980-08-11 1984-07-31 North American Philips Lighting Corporation Compact halogen-cycle incandescent lamp, and lamp unit utilizing such lamp as a light source
US4409516A (en) * 1981-01-22 1983-10-11 General Electric Company Rounded end halogen lamp with exhaust tube having different glass
US4394453A (en) * 1981-09-08 1983-07-19 Corning Glass Works Envelopes for tungsten-halogen lamps
US4857804A (en) * 1982-04-28 1989-08-15 Gte Products Corporation Tungsten-halogen lamp with metal additive
US4409337A (en) * 1982-11-12 1983-10-11 Corning Glass Works Glass envelopes for tungsten-halogen lamps
US5037342A (en) * 1988-11-15 1991-08-06 Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen M.B.H. Method of making an electric lamp, and more particularly a lamp vessel in which electrodes are retained in the lamp by a pinch or press seal
DE4008817A1 (de) * 1989-03-24 1990-09-27 Gen Electric Reflektorlampen-einheit
US5359262A (en) * 1992-08-31 1994-10-25 Welch Allyn, Inc. Sub-miniature tungsten halogen lamp with major inert gas and minor halide gas constitutes
US5473226A (en) * 1993-11-16 1995-12-05 Osram Sylvania Inc. Incandescent lamp having hardglass envelope with internal barrier layer
US6153974A (en) * 1998-09-23 2000-11-28 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Halogen incandescent lamp
WO2007039848A1 (en) 2005-10-05 2007-04-12 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Cracking of halogenated hydrocarbon in bulb of a halogen lamp by external heat source
US20080218079A1 (en) * 2005-10-05 2008-09-11 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Cracking of Halogenated Hydrocarbon in Bulb of a Halogen Lamp by External Heat Source
CN101278374B (zh) * 2005-10-05 2013-04-03 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 在卤素灯灯泡内的卤化碳氢化合物通过外部热源的裂化
KR101256380B1 (ko) * 2005-10-05 2013-05-06 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. 외부 열 소스에 의한 할로겐 램프의 전구 내의 할로겐화 탄화수소의 크래킹
US20160313684A1 (en) * 2015-04-24 2016-10-27 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Heater, fixing device, and image forming apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2210822A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-12
JPS5846822B2 (ja) 1983-10-19
DE2362528A1 (de) 1974-07-04
JPS4989381A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-08-27
FR2210822B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-06-10
GB1453943A (en) 1976-10-27

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