US3798027A - Gray iron - Google Patents

Gray iron Download PDF

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Publication number
US3798027A
US3798027A US00208489A US3798027DA US3798027A US 3798027 A US3798027 A US 3798027A US 00208489 A US00208489 A US 00208489A US 3798027D A US3798027D A US 3798027DA US 3798027 A US3798027 A US 3798027A
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percent
iron
alloy
inoculant
silicon
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US00208489A
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C Defranco
Eeghem J Van
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CENTRE RECH SCIENTIFIQUES L IND FABRICATIONS METALLIQUES BE
RECH SCIENT L IND FABRICATIONS
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RECH SCIENT L IND FABRICATIONS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron

Definitions

  • INVEA/TDRS il/wuss Min/v60 .Tn/v ww means;
  • the present invention relates to gray iron.
  • the gray irons actually known as high strength gray irons with lamellar graphite have relatively low carbon (2.6 to 3.2 percent) and silicon (l to 1.5 percent) contents.
  • molybdenum and/or chromium and to subsequently 1 inoculate the liquid iron.
  • the present invention is a new and improved alloy, having properties which are not present in irons where aluminum is used with medium or high silicon contents (which are normal in classical silicon irons) nor in irons where high silicon contents are used without aluminum even when inoculated with an alloy containing calcium, barium or strontium.
  • the cast iron according to the invention is characterized by the fact, that on the one hand it contains aluminum as a graphitizing element, and on the other hand it is inoculated.
  • the tensile strength of the irons according to the invention varies, for irons with lamellar graphite, be tween 35 and 70 kgf/mm as a function of wallthickness and carbon and aluminum contents; their tendency to chilling is almost non-existent.
  • the useful and economical range of the aluminum content lies between 1 and 3 percent.
  • the silicon content of the cast irons according to the present invention should preferably and advantageously be lower than 1 percent.
  • the silicon content is zero.
  • the selected from the group consisting of barium and strontium is incorporated in the molten iron by an aluminum containing bearer.
  • FIG. 1 shows tensile strength plotted against carbon content
  • FIG. 2 shows tensile strength plotted against silicon content
  • FIG. 3 shows tensile strength plotted against Brinell hardness.
  • the graph of FIG. 1 shows the variation of tensile strength in 30 mm -diameter test bars (ordinate), determined as a function of carbon content (abscissa) on irons containing respectively an average aluminium content of 1.8 percent (curve 1) or 2.5 percent (curve 2) and inoculated by addition of 1% SiCa.
  • the straight dotted line, 3, in FIG. 1, represents the theoretical tensile strength of classical irons containing 1.5 percent silicon.
  • the useful and economical range of the aluminum contents lies between I and 3 percent.
  • FIG. 2 shows the influence of increasing silicon contents (abscissa) on the tensile strength (ordinate) of inoeula ted aluminum bearing iron cast intest-bars of 3 different diameters.
  • Curve 4 relates to 30 mm -diameter test bars, curve 5 to 20 ram-diameter test bars and curve 6 to 12 m ndiameter test bars.
  • the silicon content of the irons according to the present invention should therefore preferably be lower than 1 percent.
  • the silicon content of the iron as graphitizing element may even be zero, in which case the silicon is replaced totally by aluminum.
  • Sulfur increases the chill depth and decreases both the tensile strength and the impact modulus.
  • Phosphorus has no influence on chill depth but considerably decreases the impact modulus.
  • manganese, sulfur and phosphorus contents respectively to the following maximum values: 0.7 percent for Mn; 0.05 percent for S and 0.1 percent for P.
  • the chill depth of the non-inoculated cast irons varies generally between 20 mm and total chill, although it becomes almost non-ex'istant (O2 mm) after inoculation.
  • the amount of inoculating alloy added to the cast iron according to the invention must be more greater than that used for the inoculation of conventional silicon cast irons.
  • the conventional cast irons are generally inoculated with 0.1 to 0.3 percent of an inoculant, for instance SiCa
  • the cast irons according to the invention must be inoculated with at least 0.3% SiCa.
  • the inoculant contains silicon as the bearer of the active inoculating element.
  • the inoculant contains silicon as the bearer of the active inoculating element.
  • R is the Tensile Strength.
  • the black circles represent the scarce quantitative data given in the literature for conventional high strength gray irons.
  • the Brinell hardness of the aluminum cast iron is on the average 50 to 60 Brinell units lower than that of the conventional silicon cast irons.
  • the hardness of the cast irons according to the invention is relatively low, which results in machinability which is comparable to, or even betterthan that of the silicon cast irons.
  • the cast irons according to the present invention also have the advantage of being made from inexpensive raw materials.
  • the new cast irons are particularly suited to produce high strength castings and thin-walled castings which have to be machined.
  • the skin of the castings of aluminum cast iron is smoother than the skin of the usual castings of silicon cast iron, which allows a considerable reduction of cleaning costs. 7
  • a particularly interesting area of application of the new cast irons is in casting in metal molds.
  • the castings in conventional silicon irons, cast in metal molds must generally be heat-treated to decompose the carbides which are formed during the rapid cooling in the metal mold.
  • Example 1 The hardness and strength tables of in Example 1 give the comparative results of tests for an iron according to the invention which has been inoculated, the silicon content being the sum of the silicon content of the base materials and the silicon content added to the iron as a component of the inoculant, and for the noninoculated base iron, the silicon content of the latter being the silicon content of the base n at et ials.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been innoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being preseltia P'EfiUQljEEF! emqqn s ivs, F L 3 b? non-inoculated base iron 2.90% C; 0.09% Si; 1.85% Al inoculated iron 2.70% C; 0.35% Si; 1.85% Al inoculation with SiCa: 1%
  • Brinell Hardness 4530mm 20mm 12mm non-inoculinoculnon-inoculinoculnon-inoculinoculated ated ated ated ated ated 246 234 295 256 white iron 280 EXAMPLE 2 Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell In this example an iron inoculated with 1% Fe-Al- Ca has been added flor comparison.
  • gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon, up to 0.7 percent manganese, up to 0.05 percent sulfur, up to 0.1 percent phosphorus, and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron having a flake graphite structure and consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, upto 1 percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy selected from the group consisting of SiCa consisting essentially of about 33 percent calcium and the balance being silicon and FeAlCa consisting essentially of about 40 percent iron, 40 percent aluminum and percent calcium.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon, up to 0.7 percent manganese and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent ofan inoculant alloy selected from the group consisting of SiCa consisting essentially of about 33 percent calcium and the balance being silicon and FeAlCa consisting essentially of about 40 percent iron, 40 percent aluminum and 20 percent calcium.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to l percent silicon, up to 0.7 percent manganese, up to 0.05 percent sulfur, up to 0.1 percent phosphorus and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy selected from the group consisting of SiCa consisting essentially of about 33 percent calcium and the balance being silicon and FeAlCa consisting essentially of about 40 percent iron, 40 percent aluminum and 20 percent calcium.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron having a flake graphite structure and consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy selected from the group consisting of SiCa consisting essentially of about 33 percent calcium and the balance being silicon and FeAlCa consisting essentially of about 40 percent iron, 40 percent aluminum and 20 percent calcium.
  • a cast gray iron article having a chill depth in mm. of between about 0.5 and 2, said article consisting essentially of about I 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with 1 to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a cast gray iron article having a chill depth in mm. of between about 0.5 and 2, said article consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon, up to 0.7 percent manganese, and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with 1 to 2 perce of an inocu- Ent alloy, the active inoculant brivifihi elected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a cast gray iron article having a chill depth in mm. of between about 0.5 and 2, said article consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon, up to 0.7 percent manganese, up to 0.05 percent sulfur, up to 0.1 percent phosphorus, and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a cast gray iron article having a flake graphite structure and a chill depth in mm. of between about 0.5 and 2, said article consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to l percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US00208489A 1968-02-13 1971-12-15 Gray iron Expired - Lifetime US3798027A (en)

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BE (1) BE710679A (es)
CH (1) CH508729A (es)
DE (1) DE1906008C3 (es)
FR (1) FR2001827A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1258824A (es)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3997338A (en) * 1974-03-22 1976-12-14 Centre De Recherches Scientifiques Et Techniques De L'industrie Des Fabrications Metalliques, En Abrege C.R.I.F. Gray cast iron
US4363661A (en) * 1981-04-08 1982-12-14 Ford Motor Company Method for increasing mechanical properties in ductile iron by alloy additions
US6293988B1 (en) * 1998-08-04 2001-09-25 Rodney Louis Naro Inoculant and inoculant method for gray and ductile cast irons
US6733565B1 (en) 2002-04-24 2004-05-11 Rodney L. Naro Additive for production of irons and steels
WO2009005849A2 (en) * 2007-01-25 2009-01-08 Richard D Sposato Richard Solar panel motor oil heating system, product and method
US7618473B1 (en) 2003-10-27 2009-11-17 Rodney L. Naro Method for improving operational efficiency in clogged induction melting and pouring furnaces
US20100212317A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2010-08-26 Richard Sposato Solar panel motor oil heating system, product and method
CN115786803A (zh) * 2022-12-15 2023-03-14 安徽信息工程学院 一种高硅耐蚀铸铁及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH655950A5 (de) * 1983-10-31 1986-05-30 Sulzer Ag Werkstueck aus gusseisen mit kugelgraphit.
DE102004010916A1 (de) * 2004-03-05 2005-09-22 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Nitrierfähiger Gusseisenwerkstoff mit lamellaren, vermicularen oder globularen Graphitstrukturen
DE102004010917C5 (de) 2004-03-05 2018-05-17 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Gusseisenwerkstoff mit hoher Festigkeit

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1515244A (en) * 1924-01-10 1924-11-11 W J Early Sons Foundry Corp Method of producing chilled-iron-alloy castings
US2134905A (en) * 1937-01-30 1938-11-01 British & Dominions Feralloy L Manufacture of cast iron
US2793114A (en) * 1954-04-22 1957-05-21 Meehanite Metal Corp Process for producing superior cast iron
US2885284A (en) * 1957-08-13 1959-05-05 Meehanite Metals Corp Ferrous alloy
US2950187A (en) * 1958-09-05 1960-08-23 Res Inst Iron Steel Iron-calcium base alloy
US3433685A (en) * 1966-05-20 1969-03-18 Gen Motors Corp High magnetic permeability cast alloy

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2662820A (en) * 1950-06-30 1953-12-15 Dayton Malleable Iron Co Method for producing cast iron

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1515244A (en) * 1924-01-10 1924-11-11 W J Early Sons Foundry Corp Method of producing chilled-iron-alloy castings
US2134905A (en) * 1937-01-30 1938-11-01 British & Dominions Feralloy L Manufacture of cast iron
US2793114A (en) * 1954-04-22 1957-05-21 Meehanite Metal Corp Process for producing superior cast iron
US2885284A (en) * 1957-08-13 1959-05-05 Meehanite Metals Corp Ferrous alloy
US2950187A (en) * 1958-09-05 1960-08-23 Res Inst Iron Steel Iron-calcium base alloy
US3433685A (en) * 1966-05-20 1969-03-18 Gen Motors Corp High magnetic permeability cast alloy

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3997338A (en) * 1974-03-22 1976-12-14 Centre De Recherches Scientifiques Et Techniques De L'industrie Des Fabrications Metalliques, En Abrege C.R.I.F. Gray cast iron
US4363661A (en) * 1981-04-08 1982-12-14 Ford Motor Company Method for increasing mechanical properties in ductile iron by alloy additions
US6293988B1 (en) * 1998-08-04 2001-09-25 Rodney Louis Naro Inoculant and inoculant method for gray and ductile cast irons
US6733565B1 (en) 2002-04-24 2004-05-11 Rodney L. Naro Additive for production of irons and steels
US6866696B1 (en) 2002-04-24 2005-03-15 Rodney L. Naro Additive for production of irons and steels
US7618473B1 (en) 2003-10-27 2009-11-17 Rodney L. Naro Method for improving operational efficiency in clogged induction melting and pouring furnaces
WO2009005849A2 (en) * 2007-01-25 2009-01-08 Richard D Sposato Richard Solar panel motor oil heating system, product and method
WO2009005849A3 (en) * 2007-01-25 2009-02-19 D Sposato Richard Richard Solar panel motor oil heating system, product and method
US20100212317A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2010-08-26 Richard Sposato Solar panel motor oil heating system, product and method
US8714126B2 (en) 2007-01-25 2014-05-06 Richard D. Sposato Solar panel motor oil heating system, product and method
CN115786803A (zh) * 2022-12-15 2023-03-14 安徽信息工程学院 一种高硅耐蚀铸铁及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1258824A (es) 1971-12-30
BE710679A (es) 1968-08-13
DE1906008B2 (de) 1973-05-30
CH508729A (fr) 1971-06-15
DE1906008A1 (de) 1971-01-21
FR2001827B1 (es) 1973-11-16
FR2001827A1 (fr) 1969-10-03
DE1906008C3 (de) 1973-12-20

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