US3797812A - Waste gas flow system for metal-treating apparatus - Google Patents

Waste gas flow system for metal-treating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3797812A
US3797812A US00286535A US3797812DA US3797812A US 3797812 A US3797812 A US 3797812A US 00286535 A US00286535 A US 00286535A US 3797812D A US3797812D A US 3797812DA US 3797812 A US3797812 A US 3797812A
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Prior art keywords
waste
gas
vessel
gas conduit
combination
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00286535A
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English (en)
Inventor
S Ivessa
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Waagner Biro AG
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Waagner Biro AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/38—Removal of waste gases or dust
    • C21C5/40—Offtakes or separating apparatus for converter waste gases or dust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • a structure which surrounds the waste-gas conduit defines a chamber in which the top end of the ring assembly is located even when the latter is in itsclosed position, and in this closed position the ring assembly defines with this latter structure and with the waste-gas conduit a pair of gaps through which any waste gas which seeks to escape while flowing into the waste-gas conduit must flow while changing its direction at least twice.
  • the present invention relates to that type of metal-treating apparatus in which metal is refined in a vessel such as a converter with the waste gas which issues from the vessel being received in a wastegas conduit. Since a vessel such as a converter is tiltable the waste-gas conduit must be spaced from the top discharge end of the vessel, and suitable structure must be provided to close the space between the top end of the vessel and the waste-gas conduit so as to prevent the waste gas from-escaping to the outer atmosphere before it reaches the waste-gas conduit.
  • metal-treating apparatus of this general type which conventionally includes a converter and a waste-heat boiler for receiving the waste gas.
  • shiftable ring assemblies for sealing the space between the vessel and the waste-gas conduit.
  • Such conventional ring assemblies suffer, however, from several disadvantages.
  • conventional ring assemblies of this type readily acquire during operation deposits of slag and scale formations at their exterior surface so that as a result of these latter factors such ring assemblies can be moved only with increasing difficulty as scale continues to form, for example.
  • the seal between the hood of the waste-heat boiler and the shiftable ring assembly is not tight during operation, so that there is a continuous escape of carbon monoxide containing converter gas into the surrounding atmosphere.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a construction of this type which will achieve the desired results while having a long operating life with full capability of withstanding not only the high temperatues but also the great degree of changes in temperature which occur in installations of the above type.
  • the metal-treating apparatus includes a tiltable vessel means in which metal is treated as by being refined in the interior of the vessel means.
  • This vessel means has a top open end through which waste-gas discharges, and a waste-gas conduit means is aligned with but spaced from the discharge endof the vessel means to receive the waste gas therefrom.
  • An annular means surrounds the waste-gas conduit means at its end region which is adjacent the vessel means, and this annular means defines a chamber in which a ring means is located when this ring means is in an upper open position.
  • the ring means is shiftable down to a lower closed position engaging the top end surface of the vessel means and extending between the latter and the waste-gas conduit means to close the space between the top end of the vessel and the end of the waste-gas conduit means nearest to the top end of the vessel.
  • This ring means when in its closed position still has an upper end region extending into the above chamber, and this upper end region defines with th waste-gas conduit means and with an outer wall of this chamber a pair of gaps through which any waste gas which seeks to escape must flow while changing its direction at least twice.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional elevation of one embodiment of a construction according to'the'invention, FIG. 1 showing the upper end of a metal-treating vessel and the lower end of a waste-gas conduit means as well as diagrammatically illustrating various installations which cooperate with the structure of the invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentarysectional elevation showing at an enlarged scale, as compared to FIG. 1, details of a sealing means for a rod which shifts the ring means.
  • FIG. 1 there is fragmentarily illustrated in FIG. 1 the top end region of a vessel means 12 such as a converter in which metal is refined.
  • a vessel means 12 such as a converter in which metal is refined.
  • converter vessels are. supported on suitable trunnions so as to be tiltable to an inclined position for receiving a charge, for example, while during operations such as during blow periods'for steel converters the vessel means 12 will have an upright po- 4 sition as indicated in FIG. 1.
  • waste-gas conduit means 2 Situated over the vessel means 12 is a waste-gas conduit means 2 which is aligned with the discharge opening 16 of the vessel means 12 so as to receive thewaste gas which issues from the vessel means 12 during the metal-refining operations.
  • This waste-gas conduit means 2 is in the form of a laterally shiftable hood which may be horizontally shifted by a conventional structure such as the hydraulic assembly 20 schematically shown in thedrawing connected operatively with the waste-gas conduit means 2.
  • the end region of the waste-gas conduit means which is nearest to the vessel means 12 is surrounded by an annular means which defines the chamber 3, this annular means being made up of an annular wall 6 which is fixed to the waste-gas conduit means 2 in order to define that end of the chamber 3 which is distant from the vessel means 12.
  • the annular means includes in addition to the end wall 6 of the chamber 3 a cylindrical outer wall 11 formed by a plurality of tubes.
  • the annular means 6, l1 defines the chamber 3 in which expansion of gas may take place, as referred to below.
  • the interior of the chamber 3 receives a shiftable ring means 1 which is shown in FIG. 1 in two positions.
  • the solid-line position is the upper open position of the ring means 1 where the latter is situated almost entirely within the chamber 3, while the lower dotted line position 13 is the closed position of the ring means 1 where it engages the top end surface of the vessel means 12 and extends between the latter and the waste-gas conduit means 2 for closing the space between the vessel means 12 and conduit means 2.
  • the illustrated open position of the ring means 1 it is possible for air to enter freely into the waste-gas conduit means 2.
  • the lower closed position of the ring means 1 the latter has a sealing function for preventing waste gas from reaching the space which surrounds the installation while at the same time preventing air from entering into the waste-gas conduit means.
  • the ring means 1 is made up of upper and lower circular headers 7 and 8, respectively, in the form of endless pipes. Between these headers 7 and 8 the ring means 1 includes a plurality of upright tubes 9 having the angular configuration illustrated and fixed at their opposed ends to the headers 7 and 8 while communicating with the interiors thereof. These tubes 9 are located one directly next to the other and are springy for the purpose referred to below. Because of the angular configuration of the tubes 9 the ring means 1 has the tapered construction illustrated according to which the ring means 1 converges in the direction of flow of waste gas from the vessel means 12 into the waste-gas conduit means 2. i
  • the latter defines with the waste-gas conduit means 2 and the annular means 6, 11, a pair of gaps 14.
  • the tubes 9 form at their upper portions with the lower region 18 of the wast-gas conduit means 2 an inner narrow gap 14 while the header 7 forms with the lower end of the cylindrical tubular wall 11 an outer annular gap 14.
  • the lower part 18 of the waste-gas conduit means 2 is tapered so that it diverges toward the vessel means 12.
  • the outside ambient air may seek to flow into the gas-conduit means 2 or the waste gas may seek to escape into the outer surrounding atmosphere, and either of these types of gas flow must take place with the structure of the invention through the gaps 14 which compel the gas to change its direction and flow at least twice.
  • the tapered configuration of the end 18 of the conduit means 2 and the size of the interior cross section thereof it is possible to influence the pressure loss of the flowing gases in such a way that there will be practically no infiltration of air into the waste-gas conduit means 2 or escape of waste gas out to the outer atmosphere through the above combination of gaps.
  • the kinetic energy of the free jet of upwardly driven waste gas is adequate to carry the waste gas up through a flue or chimney from the gallery in which the operations take place through the roof thereof into the outer atmosphere, but this kinetic energy is not sufficient to overcome the resistance encountered in a waste-gas cooling and cleaning installation. Therefore it is necessary to utilize a suction installation for the purpose of drawing the waste gas through the waste-gas cooling and cleaning installations.
  • the suction installation creates in the space surrounding the inlet 18 to the waste-gas conduit means a low-pressure field of less than atmospheric pressure, and under the influence of this latter low pressure the free jet of waste gas and the air at the exterior surface thereof flow into the inlet 18 and into the interior of the waste-gas conduit means 2.
  • the size of the interior cross section 15 of the wastegas conduit means 2 is reduced to such an extent that the extent of vacuum which prevails is still sufficient to pull the waste gas into the conduit means 2. However, the air at the edge of the inlet opening 18 is not moved or is moved only to an extremely small extent.
  • the size of the interior cross section of the waste-gas conduit means is made about percent smaller than the size of the discharge opening 16 of the vessel means 12.
  • the air chamber which surrounds the jet of waste gas issuing from the discharge opening 16 of the vessel means 12 and which is limited by the ring means 1 when the latter is in its lower closed position is under the influence of the stream of waste gas which carries along the surrounding air and the extent of vacuum prevailing at the edge of the inlet 18. There is, therefore, a tendency to suck air from the exterior through the gaps 14 into the chamber which surrounds the stream of waste gas between the discharge outlet 16 and the waste-gas inlet 18.
  • these gaps resulting from the structure of the invention prevent the flow of outer air into the ring means 1 to a very great extent.
  • the structure of the invention also is effective, however, even during abnormal operations.
  • the pressure will increase in the stream of waste gas at the discharge opening of the converter with the same frequency as the pulsations.
  • a pressure increase in the stream of waste gas there will first be a compression of the air in the chamber between the ring means 1, when the latter is in its lower closed position 13, and the stream of waste gas, so that the waste gas will fill this latter chamber and will finally expand through the inner gap 14 into the chamber 3.
  • the size of the chamber 3 is disigned so that it is capable of receiving the expanding gas and the resistance to flow provided by both of the gaps 14 is designed to provide an effective prevention of escape of the waste gas into the outer atmosphere.
  • a particularly intense vacuum at the edge of the inlet 18 acts on the pulsating stream of waste gas so that the waste gas which expands into the chamber 3 is again sucked into the waste-gas conduit means 2.
  • a second abnormal type of operation takes place when the stream of waste gas does not flow straight up from the discharge opening 16 but instead is inclined as a result, for example, of slag deposits primarily at one side of the discharge opening 16.
  • the inclined stream will indeed for the most part reach the inlet 18 of the waste-gas conduit means, but part thereof will engage the ring means 1 when the latter is in its lower position 13 and after overcoming the resistance of the inner gap 14 will flow into the chamber 3. Since, however. the extent of vacuum at the edge of the inlet 18 becomes even stronger at the side of the stream of waste gas which is diametrically opposed to the part thereof which engages the ring means 1, the gases which reach the chamber 3 will be sucked into the waste-gas conduit means at this diametrically opposed side of the gas stream.
  • the gap 14 between the header 7 and the cylindrical shielding wall 11 is dimensioned so that the localized increase in pressure in the chamber 3 effectively prevents escape of waste gas into the outer atmosphere.
  • any slag which is thrown out of the vessel means will immediately flow back into the interior thereof. Moreover, the refining process will take place in a very smooth manner, additionally because the slag forms at the converter surface in a quicker and better manner with the discharge opening of the converter closed by the ring means 1, and thus shorter refining periods can be achieved.
  • the waste-gas conduit means is thermally stressed only by the sensible heat of the waste gas.
  • the enormous streaming flames which otherwise occur as a result of combustion of the waste gas in the waste-gas conduit means will thus be prevented so that the waste-gas conduit means is not subjected to the stresses resulting from such flames, and the-operating life of the structure is thus significantly increased.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for steel works where devices are used for increasing production without any significant changes in the structure, particularly in the structure for cooling and cleaning the waste gases.
  • a moving means is provided for moving the ring means ll between the lower closed position thereof and the upper open position, and this moving means in the illustrated example takes the form of a pair of rods 4 which are operatively connected in any suitable way to any desired mechanical transmission or hydraulic assemblies which will bring about the required movement of the ring means 1 between its closed and open positions.
  • These shifting rods 4 are tubular and are normally connected to a hydraulic apparatus which brings about the required movement of the ring means 1.
  • the upper end wall 6 of the annular means which defines the chamber 3 is formed with openings through which the rods 4 extend, and in order to seaLthese openings radially shiftable sealing means 5 are provided.
  • the plurality of radially shiftable sealing means 5 which surround the rods 4 are situated therefore at the end wall 6 of the chamber 3.
  • each of the sealing means 5 includes a sleeve 22 which fluid-tightly surrounds the tubular rod 4 so that the latter is axially shiftable in a fluid-tight manner in the sleeve 22.
  • This sleeve 22 has fixed to its exterior surface a pair of sealing rings 24 and 26 which, for example, may be welded to the exterior surface of the sleeve 22.
  • the thickness of the wall 6 is reduced so that an annular portion 28 of the wall 6 is received slidably but fluid tightly between the pair of rings 24 and 26.
  • the wall 6 may carry in the recess which receives the ring 26 a further ring 30 which may be welded to the wall 6 or threaded into the latter, for example. Therefore, with this construction the sealing means 5 is capable of shifting in the plane of the wall 6 while maintaining a fluid-tight closure at the region where the rod 4 extends from the chamber 3 to the outer atmosphere.
  • each sealing means 5 with respect to the rod 4 which it surrounds enables the converter axis to deviate slightly from a precisely vertical attitude while still achieving the required seal.
  • any inaccuracies will be compensated for by way of the radial shifting of the sealing means 5.
  • the axis of the vessel means 12 With this constructions it is possible for the axis of the vessel means 12 to deviate from a precisely vertical axis by approximately 5 while still achieving the required seal at the engagement between the top end surface of the vessel means 12 and the ring means 1.
  • the ring means 1 is given a springy, yieldable construction.
  • the tubular components 9 are springy so that it is possible for the ring means I to yield between the headers 7 and 8 thereof in order to adapt itself to the top end surface of the vessel means 12.
  • the rods 4 push downwardly with a predetermined pressure locating the header 8 against the top end surface of the vessel means 12, and the rods 9 are capable of resiliently yielding to assure a proper seating of the ring means 1 on the top end surface of the vessel means 12.
  • the waste-gas conduit means 2 forms a laterally shiftable hood which can be moved by way of the hydraulic means 20.
  • the inner surface of the waste-gas conduit means 2 is formed by the water tubes 17 through which cooling water flows as is well known.
  • the installation includes a conventional low pressure cooling circuit, and this circuit communicates with the tubular rods 4 so as to provide through the latter the circulation of the cooling water through the tubular components 7-9 which form the ring means 1.
  • the wastegases which do not burn within the conduit means 2, because of the exclusion of air therefrom, are delivered to a combustion chamber means 30 with which the tubular conduit means 2 communicates.
  • This combustion means 30 itselt carries valve means 32 through which air is admitted for the purpose of achieving combustion of the waste gases only after the latter have travelled through the conduit means
  • these unburned gases can instead be delivered to gas cooling and cleaning installations and can be stored for further use in suitable gas tanks, for example.
  • the invention is not limited to any particular type of converter vessel or to an arrangement where a waste-heat boiler installation communicates with the vessel to receive the waste gas therefrom. It is possible to use the invention in all metallurgical operations where there is between the metallurgical furnace and the waste-gas flue a releasable connection through which it is possible for waste gas to escape undesirably. In accordance with the particular temperature of the waste gas which prevails in any given situation, it is possible to decide whether the hood which receives the waste gas and the-sealing ring should have a construction which includes or does not include cooling surfaces.
  • tiltable vessel means having a hollow interior in which metal is treated as by being refined therein, said tiltable vessel means having a top open end through which waste gas issues during treatment of metal in said vessel means and said vessel means terminating at said top open end thereof in a top end surface, waste-gas conduit means aligned with and spaced from said top open end of said vessel means for receiving the waste gas issuing therefrom and for conducting the waste gas to an installation such as a gascooling and.
  • annular means surrounding said waste-gas conduit means at an end region of the latter which is adjacent said vessel means for defining a chamber which'surrounds said waste-gas conduit means at said end region thereof, and ring means also surrounding said waste-gas conduit means at said end region thereof and having an upper open position situated within'said chamber and spaced from said top end surface of said vessel means, said ring means having a lower closed position engaging said top end surface of said vessel means and extending between the latter and said waste-gas conduit means for closing the space between said vessel means and wastegas-conduit means, said ring means when in said lower closed position thereof having an upper end portion which extends into said chamber and which defines withsaid end region of said waste-gas conduit means and with said annular means a pair of gaps through which any escaping waste gas must flow while changing its direction at least twice.
  • annular means has an outer wall surrounding said ring means when the latter is in its closed position for defining an outer one. of said pair of gaps therewith while said ring means has a portion surrounding said wastegas conduit means when said ring means is in said closed position thereof for defining an inner one of said pair of gaps.
  • annular means has a lower end region surrounding and spaced from said waste-gas conduit means for providing said chamber with an open end at that part of said chamber which is nearest to said vessel means.
  • waste-gas conduit means has an inner surface defined by cooling tubes which form part of a gas-cooling installation.
  • a moving means is operatively connected to said ring means for displacing the latter between said lower closed position thereof and said upper open position thereof, said moving means including shifting rods operatively connected to said ring means for shifting the latter between said positions thereof, and said shifting rods being tubular and communicating with said tubular components at the interior thereof for directing the cooling medium to and from the interior of said tubular components of said rings means.
  • annular means includes an annular end wall distant from said vessel means and formed with openings through which said shifting rods respectively extend. and a plurality of sealing means surrounding said shifting rods at said openings of said end wall of said annular means for sealing the interior of said chamber from the other atmosphere at the location where said rods extend through said openings of said end wall of said annular means.
  • each of said sealing means includes a sealing member surrounding the shifting rod with which it coacts and connected to said end wall of said annular means for movement in the plane of said end wall while remaining in sealing engagement therewith.
  • said ring means includes at opposed ends thereof a pair of tubular headers and between said tubular headers a plurality of elongated springy tubes situated one next to the other and each connected to and communicating with said headers.
  • annular means is fixed to said waste-gas conduit means and has an outer cylindrical wall consisting of a plurality of tubes.
  • a shifting means is operatively connected to said waste-gas conduit means for shifting the latter with respect to said vessel means while said waste-gas conduit means coacts with said ring means for guiding the latter for movement between said open and closed positions thereof, and said ring means when in said closed position thereof coacting with said waste-gas conduit means for guiding waste 'gas issuing from said vessel means through said waste-gas conduit means without burning in the latter, and combustion chamber means communicating with said waste-gas conduit means for receiving waste gas therefrom said combustion chamber means carrying a valve means through which combustion air is admitted for burning the waste gas when the latter reaches said combustion chambers means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
US00286535A 1971-09-09 1972-09-06 Waste gas flow system for metal-treating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3797812A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT782571A AT321336B (de) 1971-09-09 1971-09-09 Einrichtung zum Abdichten des Spaltes zwischen einem kippbaren Hüttenofen und einer Gasleiteinrichtung

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US3797812A true US3797812A (en) 1974-03-19

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US00286535A Expired - Lifetime US3797812A (en) 1971-09-09 1972-09-06 Waste gas flow system for metal-treating apparatus

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US (1) US3797812A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5238482B2 (fr)
AT (1) AT321336B (fr)
BE (1) BE788411A (fr)
DE (1) DE2239761C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2152778B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1357257A (fr)
LU (1) LU66010A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955803A (en) * 1973-03-29 1976-05-11 Verfahrenstechnik Dr. Ing. Kurt Baum Vertically adjustable dome ring for oxygen converter
US4596382A (en) * 1984-05-05 1986-06-24 Instituto Mexicano De Investigaciones Telescopic sealing hood between converter and stack while refining iron

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5022502A (fr) * 1973-06-26 1975-03-11
CN112004946A (zh) * 2018-07-25 2020-11-27 日本制铁株式会社 转炉排气处理装置

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3205810A (en) * 1962-09-04 1965-09-14 Inland Steel Co Adjustable hood construction for metallurgical furnace

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3205810A (en) * 1962-09-04 1965-09-14 Inland Steel Co Adjustable hood construction for metallurgical furnace

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955803A (en) * 1973-03-29 1976-05-11 Verfahrenstechnik Dr. Ing. Kurt Baum Vertically adjustable dome ring for oxygen converter
US4596382A (en) * 1984-05-05 1986-06-24 Instituto Mexicano De Investigaciones Telescopic sealing hood between converter and stack while refining iron

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2239761B2 (de) 1973-08-23
JPS4872008A (fr) 1973-09-28
LU66010A1 (fr) 1973-01-17
BE788411A (fr) 1973-01-02
AT321336B (de) 1975-03-25
GB1357257A (en) 1974-06-19
DE2239761C3 (de) 1975-05-22
JPS5238482B2 (fr) 1977-09-29
FR2152778A1 (fr) 1973-04-27
FR2152778B1 (fr) 1974-08-19
DE2239761A1 (de) 1973-03-29

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