US3791345A - Liquid toner applicator - Google Patents

Liquid toner applicator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3791345A
US3791345A US00251670A US3791345DA US3791345A US 3791345 A US3791345 A US 3791345A US 00251670 A US00251670 A US 00251670A US 3791345D A US3791345D A US 3791345DA US 3791345 A US3791345 A US 3791345A
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United States
Prior art keywords
velocity
liquid toner
imaging member
pair
developing apparatus
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00251670A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cutcheon J Mc
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AB Dick Co
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Itek Corp
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Publication of US3791345A publication Critical patent/US3791345A/en
Assigned to ITEK GRAPHIX CORP., A CORP OF DELAWARE reassignment ITEK GRAPHIX CORP., A CORP OF DELAWARE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ITEK CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE.
Assigned to MANUFACTURERS HANOVER COMMERCIAL CORPORATION reassignment MANUFACTURERS HANOVER COMMERCIAL CORPORATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ITEK GRAPHIX CORP.
Assigned to A. B. DICK COMPANY reassignment A. B. DICK COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ITEK GRAPHIX CORP.
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/108—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer with which the recording material is brought in contact, e.g. immersion or surface immersion development

Definitions

  • the velocity of the liquid toner is also high in order to supply large amounts of toner for developing large solid black areas even though the applicator itself is not very long. Electrical connections are made between the pair of fluid applicators-so that they act as development electrodes in eliminating the fringing effect.
  • This invention relates to the field of developing apparatus for developing electrostatic images through the use of liquid toners.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,547,076 to Saklikar illustrates a liquid toner bath having a pair of electrically conductive guide members which also function as development electrodes.
  • the distance between the electrodes should be made as small as possible and yet the imaging paper cannot contact them. It should be apparent that the spacing between the electrodes of Saklikar cannot be made in the neighborhood of say 50 thousands of an inch because slight shifting of the electrostatic paper will cause the paper to touch the electrodes and damage the image. In other words, in order to obtain the desired small gap, the arrangement of Saklikar is impractical.
  • a pair of electrically conductive fluid applicator means are positioned to provide an extremely narrow passageway therebetween to maximize the development electrode effect.
  • the paper is driven through the gap at a relatively low velocity and upper and lower moving bodies of liquid toner prevent the paper from contacting the applicator surfaces notwithstanding the extremely small gap between the applicator surfaces.
  • the lower moving layer has a sufficiently high velocity to support the paper and to at all times fill the space in the passageway between the lower surface of the paper and the surface of the lower applicator while supplying large quantities of toner within a short time interval to develop large solid black areas where required.
  • the upper moving layer of liquid toner has a sufficient velocity to at all times fill the space in the passageway between the upper surface of the paper and the surface of the upper applicator in order to produce the best solid area images.
  • FIG. 1 discloses a front view of the developing appa ratus
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of the apparatus
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of a portion of the applicator, said side view showing the relative thickness of the components
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a liquid toner inlet gap of FIG. 1 in greater detail.
  • the applicator comprises a first metallic plate 1 and a second metallic plate 2, the plates having opposed conductive surfaces 3 and 4 which form a gap or passageway through which the paper to be developed 6 (typically ZNO coated) and the liquid toner passes.
  • a pair of drive rollers 7 and 8 are positioned adjacent to the entrance 9 of the applicator and a pair of squeegee rollers 11 and 12 are positioned adjacent the exit of the applicator.
  • Drive means (not shown) are coupled to rollers 7, 8, I1 and 12 to cause them to drive paper 6 through the gap.
  • a pump 13 causes liquid toner to pass through inlet gaps l4 and 16. Liquid toner thereafter passes from right to left through the gap and thereafter is deposited into sump 17 which is connected to pump 13 by means not shown.
  • the flow rate of the pump is selected so that particularly preferred liquid toner fluid velocities are set up within the applicator.
  • the flow rate should be sufficient to cause the space between paper 6 and the upper'applicator surface 4 to be filled with fluid, so that a reliable, uniform liquid and electric contact is maintained between the applicator surface and the paper and the above-mentioned problem of prior art relating to nonuniform contact between the paper and the bottom plate is substantially eliminated.
  • the flow rate of the upper and lower moving layers ofliquid toner is also considerably greater than the paper velocity. This results in a liquid bearing which, due to the relatively high velocity of the liquid with respect to the paper, prevents the paper from contacting opposing surfaces 3 and 4 of the applicator.
  • the relatively high velocity of the fluid also results in the application of large quantities of toner to large solid areas to be developed black; large quantities of toner are applied without utilizing an applicator having considerable length to increase the developing time for a particular desired thru-put velocity.
  • An additional advantage of maintaining the fluid velocity at a relatively high rate is that casual background deposition of toner is reduced as it tends to be swept away by the moving liquid.
  • the applicator is tipped with respect to the horizontal as indicated, which aids in the flow of fluid through the applicator.
  • Slits l4 and 16 are made quite narrow in order to increase the velocity of the liquid toner as it enters the applicator.
  • Electrically conductive plates l and 2 are electrically coupled by means of conductor 5 (FIG. 3) which in general would take the form of bolts or other metallic devices for coupling the plates together. Of course, an actual electric wire could be utilized to maintain the plates at the same electrical potential.
  • the plates could alternatively be electrically insulated from each other and biased at different potentials. I have found that a bias potential of 20 volts will reduce background toning without adversely affecting the image.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a plane view of one of the applicators.
  • Conduits and 15' are coupled to pump 13 and deliver the liquid toner under pressure to one of the aforementioned slits such as 16. Entrance roller 7 and exit roller 11 are also illustrated.
  • the configurations of the conduits for supplying liquid to the slits are not particularly critical and form no part of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of the gap portion of the applicator.
  • the distance between opposed surfaces 3 and 4 was 0.060 inches where paper having a thickness of 0.007 inches was developed. See FIG. 3
  • nonconductive nylon threads 21 were positioned against upper surface 3, these threads having a diameter of 0.020 inches.
  • the threads were separated from each other by a distance of three-fourths of an inch.
  • Slits 14 and 16 were one-sixteenths of an inch by 12 inches.
  • the flow rate was adjusted to produce a toner velocity of about inches per second, and the paper velocity was about 4 inches per second. Excellent results were obtained by varying the paper velocity plus or minus 20 percent and likewise excellent results were obtained by reducing theliquid toner velocity down to 15 inches per second, although satisfactory results were proberichtd upon the further reduction of the fluid velocity down to about 5 inches per second.
  • the gap width could be varied between 0.030 inches and 0.080 inches although a gap width of 0.060 inches seemed to yield the best results.
  • the velocity of the upper fluid body may be made considerably less than the velocity of the lower one since it is only necessary for the upper body to fill the space between the top side of the paper and upper applicator surface 3. Generally, as a practical matter, both layers would have about the same velocity.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates in further detail a typical slit configuration.
  • the slit is formed by a blade-like member 41 placed adjacent a second member 42 as shown.
  • the applicators are 12 /2 inches wide and about 6 inches in length. Hunt Lith Set brand toner was employed in the applicator although many available types of liquid toner may be used.
  • the ZnO paper used was manufactured by Mead Paper Co. Inc. although others may also be employed.
  • a DC. voltage source 10 could be coupled to the conductive surfaces 3 and 4 or, in the alternative, the conductive surfaces could be directly connected by a conductor.
  • Ganged switches 20 and 20' could be utilized, if desired, to carry out this function.
  • An improved developing apparatus for developing an electrostatic image present upon an imaging member by applying a liquid toner thereto comprising:
  • a a pair of spaced fluid applicator means having opposed electrically conductive surfaces for providing a passageway therebetween;
  • fluid supply means for introducing said liquid toner into said passageway and for forming a first moving body of liquid toner in contact with the image bearing surface of said imaging member and for forming a second moving body of liquid toner in contact with the other surface of said imaging member, the velocity of said first moving body of liquid toner being sufficiently higher than the velocity of said imaging member to maintain said passageway full ofliquid toner and to prevent said imaging member from contacting the opposing surfaces of said pair of fluid applicator menas;
  • the developing apparatus of claim 2 further including elongated electrically nonconductive guide members positioned adjacent one surface of said pair of fluid applicator means for further insuring that said imaging member does not make contact with said one surface of said pair of fluid'applicator means.
  • said fluid supply means includes means for supplying said liquid toner to said applicator at a flow rate for producing a velocity of the first moving body ofliquid toner that is above 5 inches per second greater than the velocity of the imaging member.
  • said fluid supply means includes means for supplying said liquid toner to said applicator at a flow rate for producing a velocity of the first moving body of liquid toner that is above 5 inches per second greater than the velocity of the imaging member.
  • An improved developing apparatus for developing an electrostatic image present upon an imaging member by applying a liquid toner thereto comprising:
  • a a pair of spaced fluid applicator means having opposed electrically conductive surfaces for providing a passageway therebetween;
  • fluid supply means for introducing said liquid toner into said passageway and for forming a first moving body of liquid toner in contact with the image bearing surface of said imaging member, which is moving at a second velocity, said second velocity being substantially greater than said first velocity in order to supply large amounts of toner to the imaging member as it passes through said developing apparatus, said fluid supply means further including inlet means for introducing a second moving body of liquid toner in contact with the opposite side of said imaging member in sufficient supply for pre venting said imaging member from contacting said opposed surfaces of said applicators; and
  • the developing apparatus as set forth in claim 14 further including elongated electrically nonconductive guide members positioned adjacent one surface of said pair of fluid applicator means for further insuring that said imaging member does not make contact with said one surface, the thickness of said guide members being about 20 thousands of an inch thick.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Photographic Processing Devices Using Wet Methods (AREA)
US00251670A 1972-05-09 1972-05-09 Liquid toner applicator Expired - Lifetime US3791345A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25167072A 1972-05-09 1972-05-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3791345A true US3791345A (en) 1974-02-12

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ID=22952921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00251670A Expired - Lifetime US3791345A (en) 1972-05-09 1972-05-09 Liquid toner applicator

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3791345A (de)
JP (1) JPS598832B2 (de)
BE (1) BE799281A (de)
CA (1) CA990065A (de)
DE (1) DE2323399C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2184014B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1375688A (de)
IT (1) IT987199B (de)
NL (1) NL7306396A (de)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3929099A (en) * 1974-09-05 1975-12-30 Gaf Corp Toner apparatus for electrophotographic development
US4013356A (en) * 1974-04-11 1977-03-22 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Apparatus for developing electrostatic images with liquid toner
DE2652069A1 (de) 1975-11-14 1977-05-26 Iwatsu Electric Co Ltd Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer platte fuer den offsetdruck
FR2364499A1 (fr) * 1976-09-11 1978-04-07 Philips Nv Procede et dispositif pour reveler dans un liquide les images electrostatiques d'un porteur d'information en forme de bande lisse
US4161141A (en) * 1977-10-05 1979-07-17 Lakhani Kishor M Two side multi roller toner station for electrographic non-impact printer
DE2660359C3 (de) * 1975-11-14 1982-03-18 Iwatsu Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo Vorrichtung zum Entwickeln eines belichteten Papierbandabschnitts in einem Electrofax-Gerät
US4334758A (en) * 1981-04-10 1982-06-15 Polychrome Corporation Plate processor
US4359279A (en) * 1981-09-21 1982-11-16 Keuffel & Esser Company Photographic processing apparatus with liquid application to both sides of the photographic material
EP0097492A1 (de) * 1982-06-18 1984-01-04 Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd. Flüssigentwicklungsgerät für Elektrophotographie
FR2549250A1 (fr) * 1983-06-27 1985-01-18 Dainippon Screen Mfg Appareil de developpement utilisant un revelateur liquide
FR2566932A1 (fr) * 1984-06-27 1986-01-03 Dainippon Screen Mfg Appareil de developpement utilisant un revelateur liquide et destine a une machine a copier electrophotographique
US4586809A (en) * 1983-05-26 1986-05-06 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Liquid developing equipment for electrophotographic copying machine
US4623241A (en) * 1981-11-18 1986-11-18 Nashua Corporation Developing apparatus and method for a photocopier employing liquid development
US4883018A (en) * 1988-10-28 1989-11-28 Xerox Corporation Liquid ink development system
US4938257A (en) * 1986-11-21 1990-07-03 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Printed circuit cleaning apparatus
US4989028A (en) * 1989-10-25 1991-01-29 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for processing light sensitive material
US5019868A (en) * 1989-12-28 1991-05-28 Am International, Inc. Developer electrode and reverse roller assembly for high speed electrophotographic printing device
US5136323A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-08-04 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for enhancing heat and mass transfer in a fluid medium
US5382995A (en) * 1991-06-29 1995-01-17 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic processing apparatus
US5450155A (en) * 1994-06-06 1995-09-12 Eastman Kodak Company Removable processing assembly
US5881750A (en) * 1996-06-05 1999-03-16 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Substrate treating apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3364266D1 (en) * 1982-10-05 1986-07-31 Ciba Geigy Ag Device for the wet treatment of photosensitive sheets

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US698355A (en) * 1901-03-16 1902-04-22 Basf Ag Process of making aromatic aldehyde and acid.
US3169887A (en) * 1961-05-04 1965-02-16 Eastman Kodak Co Electrophotographic developing apparatus
US3192846A (en) * 1961-08-22 1965-07-06 Itek Corp Data processing apparatus
US3249088A (en) * 1963-04-03 1966-05-03 Scm Corp Developing tank unit for electrostatic printing
US3284224A (en) * 1963-01-04 1966-11-08 Xerox Corp Controlled xerographic development
US3377988A (en) * 1966-09-01 1968-04-16 Addressograph Multigraph Liquid developer for photoelectrostatic copier
US3405627A (en) * 1965-08-17 1968-10-15 Itek Corp Film processor
US3435751A (en) * 1966-11-03 1969-04-01 Gaf Corp Photocopy developing apparatus
US3547076A (en) * 1967-03-23 1970-12-15 Sherwin Williams Co Apparatus for increasing the contrast in liquid immersion developing of electrostatic image
US3636925A (en) * 1970-08-31 1972-01-25 American Photocopy Equip Co Intensification electrode assembly for developer in office photocopy machine
US3651782A (en) * 1969-09-02 1972-03-28 Eastman Kodak Co Liquid development apparatus
US3693528A (en) * 1969-12-12 1972-09-26 Agfa Gevaert Ag Apparatus for processing strips of photographic material or the like
US3732808A (en) * 1971-03-18 1973-05-15 Polychrome Corp Apparatus for developing offset printing plates
US3749059A (en) * 1969-08-27 1973-07-31 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Apparatus for developing electrostatic latent image
US3753393A (en) * 1971-05-21 1973-08-21 Dick Co Ab Liquid developer system for electrostatic copier

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1408399A (fr) * 1964-06-22 1965-08-13 Itek Corp Appareil et procédé de traitement de pellicules photographiques
DE1296521B (de) * 1967-06-30 1969-05-29 Agfa Gevaert Ag Entwicklungsvorrichtung fuer fotografische Schichttraeger

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US698355A (en) * 1901-03-16 1902-04-22 Basf Ag Process of making aromatic aldehyde and acid.
US3169887A (en) * 1961-05-04 1965-02-16 Eastman Kodak Co Electrophotographic developing apparatus
US3192846A (en) * 1961-08-22 1965-07-06 Itek Corp Data processing apparatus
US3284224A (en) * 1963-01-04 1966-11-08 Xerox Corp Controlled xerographic development
US3249088A (en) * 1963-04-03 1966-05-03 Scm Corp Developing tank unit for electrostatic printing
US3405627A (en) * 1965-08-17 1968-10-15 Itek Corp Film processor
US3377988A (en) * 1966-09-01 1968-04-16 Addressograph Multigraph Liquid developer for photoelectrostatic copier
US3435751A (en) * 1966-11-03 1969-04-01 Gaf Corp Photocopy developing apparatus
US3547076A (en) * 1967-03-23 1970-12-15 Sherwin Williams Co Apparatus for increasing the contrast in liquid immersion developing of electrostatic image
US3749059A (en) * 1969-08-27 1973-07-31 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Apparatus for developing electrostatic latent image
US3651782A (en) * 1969-09-02 1972-03-28 Eastman Kodak Co Liquid development apparatus
US3693528A (en) * 1969-12-12 1972-09-26 Agfa Gevaert Ag Apparatus for processing strips of photographic material or the like
US3636925A (en) * 1970-08-31 1972-01-25 American Photocopy Equip Co Intensification electrode assembly for developer in office photocopy machine
US3732808A (en) * 1971-03-18 1973-05-15 Polychrome Corp Apparatus for developing offset printing plates
US3753393A (en) * 1971-05-21 1973-08-21 Dick Co Ab Liquid developer system for electrostatic copier

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4013356A (en) * 1974-04-11 1977-03-22 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Apparatus for developing electrostatic images with liquid toner
US3929099A (en) * 1974-09-05 1975-12-30 Gaf Corp Toner apparatus for electrophotographic development
DE2652069A1 (de) 1975-11-14 1977-05-26 Iwatsu Electric Co Ltd Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer platte fuer den offsetdruck
DE2660359C3 (de) * 1975-11-14 1982-03-18 Iwatsu Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo Vorrichtung zum Entwickeln eines belichteten Papierbandabschnitts in einem Electrofax-Gerät
FR2364499A1 (fr) * 1976-09-11 1978-04-07 Philips Nv Procede et dispositif pour reveler dans un liquide les images electrostatiques d'un porteur d'information en forme de bande lisse
US4161141A (en) * 1977-10-05 1979-07-17 Lakhani Kishor M Two side multi roller toner station for electrographic non-impact printer
US4334758A (en) * 1981-04-10 1982-06-15 Polychrome Corporation Plate processor
US4359279A (en) * 1981-09-21 1982-11-16 Keuffel & Esser Company Photographic processing apparatus with liquid application to both sides of the photographic material
US4623241A (en) * 1981-11-18 1986-11-18 Nashua Corporation Developing apparatus and method for a photocopier employing liquid development
EP0097492A1 (de) * 1982-06-18 1984-01-04 Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd. Flüssigentwicklungsgerät für Elektrophotographie
US4521101A (en) * 1982-06-18 1985-06-04 Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd. Liquid developing apparatus for electrophotography
US4586809A (en) * 1983-05-26 1986-05-06 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Liquid developing equipment for electrophotographic copying machine
US4576467A (en) * 1983-06-27 1986-03-18 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Liquid developing apparatus
FR2549250A1 (fr) * 1983-06-27 1985-01-18 Dainippon Screen Mfg Appareil de developpement utilisant un revelateur liquide
FR2566932A1 (fr) * 1984-06-27 1986-01-03 Dainippon Screen Mfg Appareil de developpement utilisant un revelateur liquide et destine a une machine a copier electrophotographique
US4664502A (en) * 1984-06-27 1987-05-12 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Liquid developing apparatus for use in electrophotographic copying machine
US4938257A (en) * 1986-11-21 1990-07-03 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Printed circuit cleaning apparatus
US4883018A (en) * 1988-10-28 1989-11-28 Xerox Corporation Liquid ink development system
US4989028A (en) * 1989-10-25 1991-01-29 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for processing light sensitive material
US5019868A (en) * 1989-12-28 1991-05-28 Am International, Inc. Developer electrode and reverse roller assembly for high speed electrophotographic printing device
US5136323A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-08-04 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for enhancing heat and mass transfer in a fluid medium
US5315338A (en) * 1990-12-28 1994-05-24 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for enhancing heat and mass transfer in a fluid medium
US5382995A (en) * 1991-06-29 1995-01-17 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic processing apparatus
US5450155A (en) * 1994-06-06 1995-09-12 Eastman Kodak Company Removable processing assembly
US5881750A (en) * 1996-06-05 1999-03-16 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Substrate treating apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE799281A (fr) 1973-11-09
NL7306396A (de) 1973-11-13
DE2323399A1 (de) 1973-11-29
FR2184014A1 (de) 1973-12-21
DE2323399B2 (de) 1979-05-31
DE2323399C3 (de) 1980-01-31
IT987199B (it) 1975-02-20
JPS4962148A (de) 1974-06-17
CA990065A (en) 1976-06-01
GB1375688A (de) 1974-11-27
JPS598832B2 (ja) 1984-02-27
FR2184014B1 (de) 1977-04-29

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AS Assignment

Owner name: ITEK GRAPHIX CORP., A CORP OF DELAWARE,MASSACHUSET

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ITEK CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004520/0607

Effective date: 19860205

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Owner name: MANUFACTURERS HANOVER COMMERCIAL CORPORATION, A CO

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Owner name: A. B. DICK COMPANY, ILLINOIS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ITEK GRAPHIX CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005181/0192

Effective date: 19890401