US4793281A - Unitized toner assembly for continuous electrostatic film medium - Google Patents
Unitized toner assembly for continuous electrostatic film medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4793281A US4793281A US07/090,630 US9063087A US4793281A US 4793281 A US4793281 A US 4793281A US 9063087 A US9063087 A US 9063087A US 4793281 A US4793281 A US 4793281A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- slotted portion
- slots
- medium
- applicator according
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- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
- G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
- G03G15/11—Removing excess liquid developer, e.g. by heat
Definitions
- This invention relates to an applicator for applying liquid toner to a sheet of film, ordinarily photocondutive film, on which a latent electrostatic picture or image has been generated.
- Electrophotography has received attention since the introduction of photocopiers, and is described generally in the article "Physics of Electrophotography,” by Burland et al., at pp. 46-53 of Physics Today magazine, May 1986, published by the American Institute of Physics.
- Final-imaging photoconductive film and liquid toners have been developed for the continuous-tone duplication of continuous rolls of high-quality originals.
- This film-toner combination provides advantages of relaxed material storage requirements, no water requirements, and simple electrically controlled contrast, as described in the article "Duplication of Continuous Tone Images Using Electrophotographic Films," by Contois et al., prepared in association with the SPIE Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance VI, Aug. 24-26, 1982.
- Many applications of such final-imaging photoconductive film require a compact, reliable apparatus for performing the steps of forming the latent image, toning or developing the image and fusing the toner particles in the toned or developed image.
- An applicator for toning the latent electrostatic image of a film medium which film medium includes an upper and lower side and which moves in a travel direction along a travel path, includes an electrically conductive first surface.
- the electrically conductive surface is flat in at least one direction perpendicular to the direction of travel or motion, and is disposed below and near the travel path.
- the first surface includes a pattern of alternating, mutually parallel elongated first slots and elongated fluid channels, the direction of elongation of which are perpendicular to the direction of motion of the film medium along the travel path.
- a plenum of pressurized toner communicates with the plural first slots for, in operation, causing toner to flow from the first slots and into the region between the first surface and the lower side of the film medium, and thence to drain into the elongated fluid channels.
- a second surface conforms to the general shape of the first surface and is flat at least in a direction orthogonal to the direction of travel of the film medium, and is located above the travel path for supporting the film medium with the lower surface of the medium spaced from the first surface.
- a further slotted portion of the first surface downstream (in the direction of travel of the medium) from the first slots is connected to a vacuum source for removing excess toner which may adhere to portions of the film unrelated to the image being developed.
- An air knife is located downstream from the further slotted portion of the first surface.
- the air knife includes a third slotted portion of the first surface, communicating with a source of gas under pressure.
- the third slotted portion is configured to direct the flow of gas therefrom in a retrograde direction, or against the direction of travel of the medium, for tending to retard the motion of excess toner relative to the motion of the film.
- the third slotted portion is located so that excess toner tends to be held over the further slotted portion, so that the vacuum source may more effectively remove the excess toner.
- the first surface is maintained at an electrical potential for aiding in developing the image.
- the second surface includes an air bearing.
- the second surface is included on the surface of a rotating drum.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a toner applicator arrangement according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a top view of the applicator head illustrating toner slots, fluid channels, vacuum squeegee slot, and air knife slot;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the applicator head of FIG. 2 assembled onto a dielectric mounting block into which the pressurized toner plenum, vacuum and air knife pressurized air plenums are formed;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 3 hinged to an airbearing cover
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the invention in which the sheet film medium is held in position by a cylindrical drum roller.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a toner applicator head 1 in accordance with the invention.
- the representation of FIG. 1 is in the form of a simplified cross-section of an applicator head which receives a strip of dielectric or insulating photoconducting film which moves from left to right along a horizontal travel path in a direction indicated on arrow 8.
- the lower surface of film medium 10 has been impressed with a latent image in the form of an electrostatic pattern.
- This electrostatic pattern cannot be seen by the naked eye, and is subject to being dissipated if the film medium is stored, due to the action of moisture in the air, migration of the electric charge, and the like.
- the film In order to form a visible permanent image, the film must be developed by applying a toner to the portions of the film having an electrostatic charge in an amount proportional to the magnitude of the electrostatic charge, while leaving those portions which are uncharged free of toner, and the toner must then be fused to the adjacent surface of the film to form the permanent image.
- the fusing is accomplished in known manner and is not a part of the invention.
- the toner applicator illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a metal block 12 having a smooth upper surface 14 which lies under the travel path of film medium 10.
- a plurality of channels 16, 16', and 16" are cut through metal block 12, as illustrated in FIG. 1 and in the plan view of FIG. 2, to allow the passage of toner therethrough.
- apertures 16, 16', and 16" are visible in the form of elongated slots perpendicular to the direction of motion 8 of the flow medium. Strictly speaking, the slots define openings in upper surface 14 of block 12, and the remaining portion below surface 14 constitutes channels through block 12.
- the slots in surface 14 and the channels through block 12 with which the slots communicate are jointly termed "slots."
- Plenum 18 is defined by a cup-shaped portion of a housing 22 formed from an insulating material such as plexiglas, tetrafluoroethylene, or the like.
- Pump 20 communicates with plenum 18 by way of a pipe 24.
- liquid toner is drawn from a catch basin 26, through a pipe 28, and pump 20, and pipe 24 to pressurized toner plenum 18, and passes through slots 16, 16', and 16" to well above the surface 14 and into the region between surface 14 and the lower surface of film medium 10.
- the toner is illustrated as 30.
- the liquid toner contacts the lower side of film medium 10, and adheres tightly in the region of the latent image due to electrostatic attraction.
- fluid channels 32 and 32'" are also selected as locations for screws, one of which is designated 308, for fastening conductive block 12 to nonconductive housing 22.
- screws one of which is designated 308 for fastening conductive block 12 to nonconductive housing 22.
- a support arrangement designated generally as 40 in FIG. 1, includes a housing 42 with a flat surface 44 adjacent the upper side of the travel path of film medium 10.
- Surface 44 includes a plurality of apertures, one of which is designated 46, in communication with a plenum 48, which receives gas under pressure from a pipe 49 and a pressure regulator 50.
- support arrangement 40 constitutes an air bearing surface which urges film medium 10 against the toner welling from slots 16.
- slot 56 communicates with a vacuum plenum designated generally as 58, which communicates by way of a pipe 59 with a vacuum pump 60 which sucks excess toner (that toner which does not or should not adhere to the latent image portion of the film) and pumps it by way of a further pipe 62 to catch basin 26.
- a vacuum squeegee designated generally as 55.
- a further slot 66 in surface 14 and extending through block 12 communicates, as illustrated in FIG. 1, with a plenum designatd generally as 68 into which relatively high-pressure gas such as air is introduced from a pump 70 by way of a pipe 72.
- Slot 66 is also orthogonal or perpendicular to direction of travel 8, as illustrated in FIG. 2, and is angled as illustrated in FIG. 1 so that the air under pressure which exits from the slot is dircted in an upstream direction. With this orientation of slot 66, the airstream produces a component of force vertically or normal to the lower surface of film medium 10, and a further component in a retrograde direction, which is a direction contrary to the direction of motion 8 of film medium 10.
- the airstream from slot 66 urges liquid toner back toward slot 56 of vacuum squeegee 55.
- slot 66 and pressure plenum 68 are an air knife for holding excess toner in the region of vacuum squeegee 55.
- An electric voltage source illustrated as a battery 76 has its positive terminal connected to conductive block 12 and its negative terminal connected by a path (not illustrated) to film medium 10.
- a connection can be made through the roller which feeds or winds film medium 10.
- the connection to the film may also bee made by means including a corona generator.
- the voltage imparted to the liquid toner relative to the film medium in this manner ranges from 100 to 700 volts, although different mediums and toners may require different voltages and/or polarities, as required. The voltage tends to make the developed image uniform.
- film medium 8 with the developed image progresses to the right to a fusing stage (not illustrated) for fusing the image.
- FIG. 2 is a top view of surface 14 of block 12 as traced from a photograph.
- elements corresponding to those of FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numeral.
- a plurality of through holes, one of which is designated 210 are clearance holes for the screws which hold block 12 to housing 22.
- a plurality of chamfered holes, one of which is illustrated at 212 which allow flat-head screws (visible in FIG. 3) to be seated flush or below flush relative to upper surface 14.
- fluid channel 32 differs slightly from that illustrated in FIG. 1, in that fluid is not prevented from flowing from the sides of the channel (upward as viewed in FIG. 2) into catch basin 26 of FIG. 1.
- the travel direction 8 of the film medium is indicated in FIG. 2.
- the width of the film medium is indicated by the arrow W, and is about 2/10 inch (5 mm) wider than the width of surface 14. Consequently, there is a gap of about 1/10 inch (2.5 mm) on each side of the film which does not directly overlie surface 14. Surface tension or meniscus forces cause the toner to tone even the edges of the film.
- the flow of air from air bearing 40 creates a pressure on the upper side of film medium 10 which helps in preventing liquid toner from passing around the edges of the film medium to the upper side of the film medium.
- slot 66 appears to be wide (in the direction of travel 8) because of the angle at which it is cut.
- the actual slot if viewed head-on, does not differ appreciably in width from slots 16 or 56. Naturally, the width of the slots will depend upon the desired flow rate and pressure of the gas.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective or isometric view of the lower assembly 300 of the toner assembly including block 12 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, together with housing 22 of FIG. 1, and portions of some of the pipes. Elements of FIG. 3 corresponding to those of FIGS. 1 and 2 are designated by the same reference numerals.
- FIG. 4 illustrates lower assembly 300 of FIG. 3, further including a set of hinges designated 410, screwed to housing 22 and also fastened by means (not illustrated) to upper support assembly 40.
- the hinging arrangement allows the film medium to be easily threaded onto the toner apparatus.
- a pair of clamps of any conventional type, and designated generally as 450, is affixed to upper support assembly 40 for clamping the upper support assembly to lower assembly 300 during operation.
- FIG. 5 illustrates in simplified schematic form an alternative arrangement in accordance with the invention.
- the arrangement of FIG. 5 differs from the arrangements described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-4 in that support for the upper side of the film medium 10 is provided by the outer surface of a cylindrical drum 590 rotating on an axis 592.
- the upper surface of film medium 10 is in intimate contact with the outer surface of cylindrical drum 590 over a portion of its path.
- Cylindrical drum 590 has the shape of a right circular cylinder, so that the film medium 10 lies flat along lines parallel to drum axis 592. However, in the plane normal to axis 592 illustrated in FIG. 5, the medium is curved.
- FIG. 5 elements corresponding to those of FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numeral, but in the 500 series.
- 512 of FIG. 5 is a conductive block with an upper surface 514 which is curved to conform to the curvature of drum 590. Since surface 514 conforms to that of the drum, surface 514 is curved in the plane of the illustration of FIG. 5, but is flat or straight in planes perpendicular thereto.
- Fluid drain channels 532, 532', and 532" provide the same function of drainage of toner that is provided by drain channels 32 of FIG. 1.
- air knife slot 566 does not communicate directly with chamber 568, because of the need to cut through a fairly large amount of metal in order to form the slot.
- slot 566 communicates with a further chamber 594 defined by a conductive cover 596 secured to block 512 by a plurality of screws, one of which is illustrated as 598.
- Chamber 594 communicates with plenum 568, corresponding to pressurized air plenum 58 of FIG. 1.
- toner slots such as 16 of FIG. 1 or 516 of FIG. 5 may be used, to suit the application.
- more squeegee slots such as 56 or 556 may be used.
- the pressurized air therefor may be supplied from a separate pump, rather than by way of a regulator, such as regulator 50 of FIG. 1.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/090,630 US4793281A (en) | 1987-08-28 | 1987-08-28 | Unitized toner assembly for continuous electrostatic film medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US07/090,630 US4793281A (en) | 1987-08-28 | 1987-08-28 | Unitized toner assembly for continuous electrostatic film medium |
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US4793281A true US4793281A (en) | 1988-12-27 |
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US07/090,630 Expired - Fee Related US4793281A (en) | 1987-08-28 | 1987-08-28 | Unitized toner assembly for continuous electrostatic film medium |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4984004A (en) * | 1988-09-28 | 1991-01-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Developing apparatus |
GB2243227A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1991-10-23 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Liquid toner developing module for electrographic recording |
US5109794A (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1992-05-05 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Pump device for electrostatic plotter |
US5230736A (en) * | 1989-01-11 | 1993-07-27 | Nordson Corporation | Apparatus for applying adhesive to one side of a porous web |
EP0748150A2 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Precision fluid head transport |
US6253050B1 (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2001-06-26 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Development apparatus of liquid electrophotographic printer |
US20030113138A1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2003-06-19 | Boaz Tagansky | Liquid toner application system |
WO2006066554A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-29 | Csat Computer Systeme | Device for electrographic printing or copying using liquid colouring agents |
Citations (17)
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US3113884A (en) * | 1958-10-16 | 1963-12-10 | Various Assignees | Coating means and method |
US3196832A (en) * | 1963-02-20 | 1965-07-27 | Rca Corp | Fluid applicator apparatus |
US3407786A (en) * | 1967-10-13 | 1968-10-29 | Eastman Kodak Co | Applicator device |
US3461843A (en) * | 1967-11-21 | 1969-08-19 | Stanford Research Inst | Toner application apparatus |
US3664298A (en) * | 1970-03-26 | 1972-05-23 | Rca Corp | Manifold for fountain-type liquid dispenser |
US3901188A (en) * | 1974-01-23 | 1975-08-26 | Dietmar C H Eberlein | Electrostatic liquid developing apparatus |
US3937177A (en) * | 1974-03-07 | 1976-02-10 | Versatec, Inc. | Electrostatic printing machine with improved toner fountain and recovery system |
US4179210A (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1979-12-18 | Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. | Apparatus for developing latent electrostatic images |
US4198923A (en) * | 1978-05-08 | 1980-04-22 | Gould Inc. | Toning apparatus for electrostatic printing and plotting machines |
US4259006A (en) * | 1979-08-20 | 1981-03-31 | Sperry Corporation | Air jet means for removing liquid from a conductive surface |
US4270485A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1981-06-02 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. | Liquid developing apparatus |
US4270859A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1981-06-02 | Eltra Corporation | Electrophotographic apparatus for providing dry developed output from a typesetter |
US4281620A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-08-04 | Xerox Corporation | Liquid developer spear head access mechanism |
US4398818A (en) * | 1980-10-03 | 1983-08-16 | Xerox Corporation | Liquid toner fountain for the development of electrostatic images |
US4527509A (en) * | 1984-05-10 | 1985-07-09 | Gaf Corporation | Dielectric film processor |
US4545326A (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1985-10-08 | Sanders Associates, Inc. | Liquid toner applicator |
US4685638A (en) * | 1985-01-14 | 1987-08-11 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Cassette for accommodating electrically conductive film |
-
1987
- 1987-08-28 US US07/090,630 patent/US4793281A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3113884A (en) * | 1958-10-16 | 1963-12-10 | Various Assignees | Coating means and method |
US3196832A (en) * | 1963-02-20 | 1965-07-27 | Rca Corp | Fluid applicator apparatus |
US3407786A (en) * | 1967-10-13 | 1968-10-29 | Eastman Kodak Co | Applicator device |
US3461843A (en) * | 1967-11-21 | 1969-08-19 | Stanford Research Inst | Toner application apparatus |
US3664298A (en) * | 1970-03-26 | 1972-05-23 | Rca Corp | Manifold for fountain-type liquid dispenser |
US3901188A (en) * | 1974-01-23 | 1975-08-26 | Dietmar C H Eberlein | Electrostatic liquid developing apparatus |
US3937177A (en) * | 1974-03-07 | 1976-02-10 | Versatec, Inc. | Electrostatic printing machine with improved toner fountain and recovery system |
US4179210A (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1979-12-18 | Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. | Apparatus for developing latent electrostatic images |
US4198923A (en) * | 1978-05-08 | 1980-04-22 | Gould Inc. | Toning apparatus for electrostatic printing and plotting machines |
US4270485A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1981-06-02 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. | Liquid developing apparatus |
US4270859A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1981-06-02 | Eltra Corporation | Electrophotographic apparatus for providing dry developed output from a typesetter |
US4259006A (en) * | 1979-08-20 | 1981-03-31 | Sperry Corporation | Air jet means for removing liquid from a conductive surface |
US4281620A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-08-04 | Xerox Corporation | Liquid developer spear head access mechanism |
US4398818A (en) * | 1980-10-03 | 1983-08-16 | Xerox Corporation | Liquid toner fountain for the development of electrostatic images |
US4545326A (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1985-10-08 | Sanders Associates, Inc. | Liquid toner applicator |
US4527509A (en) * | 1984-05-10 | 1985-07-09 | Gaf Corporation | Dielectric film processor |
US4685638A (en) * | 1985-01-14 | 1987-08-11 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Cassette for accommodating electrically conductive film |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
"A Demonstrator/Processor for Photoconductive Recording Film", by Laukaitis. |
"Duplication of Continuous Tone Images Using Electrophotographic Films", by Contois et al., presented at the SPIE conference on Airborne Reconnaissance VI, Aug. 24-26, 1982, San Diego, Calif. and for publication in SPIE Proceedings, vol. 354. |
"Physics of Electrophotography", by Burland et al., published at pp. 46-53 of the magazine Physics Today, published in the May, 1986 edition by the American Institute of Physics. |
A Demonstrator/Processor for Photoconductive Recording Film , by Laukaitis. * |
Duplication of Continuous Tone Images Using Electrophotographic Films , by Contois et al., presented at the SPIE conference on Airborne Reconnaissance VI, Aug. 24 26, 1982, San Diego, Calif. and for publication in SPIE Proceedings, vol. 354. * |
Physics of Electrophotography , by Burland et al., published at pp. 46 53 of the magazine Physics Today, published in the May, 1986 edition by the American Institute of Physics. * |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4984004A (en) * | 1988-09-28 | 1991-01-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Developing apparatus |
US5230736A (en) * | 1989-01-11 | 1993-07-27 | Nordson Corporation | Apparatus for applying adhesive to one side of a porous web |
GB2243227A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1991-10-23 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Liquid toner developing module for electrographic recording |
US5120630A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1992-06-09 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Method of using a liquid toner developing module for electrographic recording |
GB2243227B (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1994-03-16 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Liquid toner developing module for electrographic recording and method of use |
US5296645A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1994-03-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing | Liquid toner developing module for electrographic recording |
US5109794A (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1992-05-05 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Pump device for electrostatic plotter |
US5837067A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-11-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Precision fluid head transport |
US5701654A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-12-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Precision fluid head transport |
EP0748150A3 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-09-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Precision fluid head transport |
EP0748150A2 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Precision fluid head transport |
US6253050B1 (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2001-06-26 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Development apparatus of liquid electrophotographic printer |
US20030113138A1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2003-06-19 | Boaz Tagansky | Liquid toner application system |
US6895200B2 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2005-05-17 | Hewlett-Packard Indigo N.V. | Liquid toner application system |
WO2006066554A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-29 | Csat Computer Systeme | Device for electrographic printing or copying using liquid colouring agents |
US20070237550A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-10-11 | Hans Mathea | Apparatus for the electrographic printing and copying using liquid coloring agents |
JP2008525827A (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2008-07-17 | マテア ハンス | Equipment for electrographic printing or copying using liquid ink |
US7639971B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2009-12-29 | Hans Mathea | Apparatus for the electrographic printing and copying using liquid coloring agents |
AU2005318733B2 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2010-01-28 | Hans Mathea | Device for electrographic printing or copying using liquid colouring agents |
CN101069135B (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2010-08-18 | 汉斯·玛西亚 | Apparatus for the electrographic printing and copying using liquid coloring agents |
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