US3781448A - Electric slag refining process and apparatus - Google Patents

Electric slag refining process and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3781448A
US3781448A US00260122A US3781448DA US3781448A US 3781448 A US3781448 A US 3781448A US 00260122 A US00260122 A US 00260122A US 3781448D A US3781448D A US 3781448DA US 3781448 A US3781448 A US 3781448A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
ingot
mold
power
slag bath
transformer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00260122A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Holzgruber
P Machner
A Schneihofer
O Kleinhagauer
P Cerwenka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG filed Critical Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3781448A publication Critical patent/US3781448A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0004—Devices wherein the heating current flows through the material to be heated

Definitions

  • an ingot is produced in that a consumable electrode which is similar in kind is continuously fused down in a slag layer, which is heated by electric resistance heating by means of alternating current which is passed through the layer.
  • the resulting ingot has a main direction of crystallization from bottom to top. This results in a particularly good structure of the ingot.
  • the ingot grows at a velocity of only a few millimeters per minute, and there is always a liquid sump during the remelting operation. That sump has a depth which is about one-half of the diameter of the ingot.
  • the voltage applied to the slag is reduced so that the power supplied to the slag is lowered to about one-sixth to one-eighth of full power.
  • the slag is held at a temperature above the liquidus temperature of the metal, and metal is melted from the electrode only in the amount required to compensate the contraction. This part of the operation is described as top end heating and serves to ensure a solidification of the top end of the ingot without formation of a pipe.
  • the top end of said ingot may be heated by means of the additional transformer and another ingot can be formed up to a height of about 2 meters at the same time by means of the now free main transformer.
  • An electric slag refining apparatus for carrying out the process according to the invention thus comprises two a.c. transformers having different rated powers and comprises apparatus for switching the power supply from the transformer having a high rated power to the transformer having the lower rated power.
  • the means used to change the power depend on the type of the plant and may be of various types. If the smelting apparatus is designed to remelt a single electrode so as to form a single ingot, the two transformers and the associated electrode feeder are arranged one beside the other, and the water-cooled bottom plate and the water cooled ingot mold are mounted on a carriage which is movable on wheels between the two electrode feeders.
  • the carriage with the bottom plate and ingot mold is moved under that electrode feeder which is fed by the transformer having the lower rated power.
  • additional means are required to hold the ingot mold in position on the carriage during the movement to the electrode feeder for top end heating.
  • Those means may comprise special supports for the ingot mold of clamping jaws, which .are applied to the lower edge of the ingot mold and operable to clamp the ingot mold on the ingot.
  • the electrode feeders associated with the transformer having the higher rated power and those associated with the transformer having the lower input power comprise the known means for a rapid replacement of the consumed electrode by a new one, e.g., each feeder may comprise two columns provided with pivoted electrode-lifting device.
  • a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention may be used, in which no carriage is used to move the ingot under the electrode feeder fed by the transformer having the lower rated power, but two stations for supporting the bottom plate and ingot are provided.
  • the electrode feeder which is fed by the transformer having the higher power may selectively serve two stations.
  • the electrode feeder for top end heating, which feeder is fed by the transformer having the lower rated power is either movable on wheels between the two stations so that it can be selectively used at each station, or each station is provided with an electrode feeder for top end heating, and each of said feeders can be connected to the transformer having the lower power.
  • the economy of the remelting apparatus according to the invention may be further increased in that the electrode feeder connected to the transformer having a lower power is used for remelting smaller ingots during the time in which said apparatus is not required for top end heating.
  • a remelting plant for a simultaneous production of a plurality of large ingots may be provided with a single electrode feeder for top end heating in a plurality of remelting units.
  • the large ingots may be made in succession with such timing that a top end heating of two or more ingots at the same time is not required.
  • the remelting plant comprises two supports for bottom plates 1 and 2, on which ingot molds 3 and 4 are mounted, and also comprises electrode feeders and transformers T1 and T2.
  • the electrode feeders comprise three columns 5, 6, and 7 and electrode arms 8, 9, and 10, which are mounted on said columns to be movable vertically along and pivotally about the axis of carries an electrode and its support rod. The paths of the pivotal movement of the axes of the electrodes and their support rods 11 and 12 and 12 and 13 intersect each other.
  • the ingot molds 3 and 4 are arranged at and below the intersection.
  • the electrode arms and their clamps are connected by flexible cables to a transformer T1 having a high nominal power and to a transformer T2 having a lower nominal power. Electric leads connect also the bottom plates 1 and 2 to the transformers T1 and T2.
  • the means for changing the energy supply comprise switches 14, 15, 16, and 17.
  • the remelting apparatus shown on the drawing is operated as follows. Using the electrode arms 8 and 9 remelting electrodes are first fused down in the ingot mold 3. In this operation, the ingot mold 3 may be raised in known manner as the ingot grows. The moldlifting means, not shown, may be guided along the column 5. At thebeginning of the remelting operation, it must be ensured that the last electrode to be fused down in producing the ingot is to be fed with the arm 8. For this reson, the first electrode to be fused down is carried by the arm 8 if the ingot is to be formed from an even number of remelting electrodes, and by the arm 9 when the ingot is to be formed from an odd number of remelting electrodes.
  • the switch 14 constantly connects the transformer T1 to the bottom plate 1 whereas the switch 15 is operated to connect the transformer to that electrode arm 8 or 9 and to that electrode clamp which is in remelting position over the ingot mold at any time.
  • the switches 16 and 17 are in their intermediate position.
  • the switches 16 and 17 are moved to the upper position shown on the drawing so that the power required for the top end heating of the first ingot is supplied from the transformer T2 having a lower nominal power.
  • the top end heating of the first ingot has been terminated, the same is removed from the plant and the bottom plate 1 and the ingot mold3 are preparedfor the remelting to form the third ingot.
  • the remelting to form the second ingot is effected as has been described for the first ingot. It will be understood that the various switches must be moved to the positions required for this purpose.
  • An electric slag refining process of producing ingots consisting of a metal alloy which comprises building substantially an entire ingot in aningot mold by fusing down remelting electrode material in a liquid slag bath contained in said mold while supplying electric a.c. power to said slag bath from first a.c. transformer means, and
  • Electric slag refining apparatus for producing ingots consisting of metal alloys, which comprises at least one ingot mold adapted to contain a liquid slag bath,
  • second a.c. transformer means having a lower nominal power than said first transformer means, and switch means adapted to alternatively connect said first and second transformer means to supply electric ac. power to said slag bath.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
US00260122A 1971-06-09 1972-06-06 Electric slag refining process and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3781448A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT497371A AT307643B (de) 1971-06-09 1971-06-09 Elektroschlacken-Umschmelzverfahren und -Umschmelzvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Blöcken aus Metall-, insbesondere Stahllegierungen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3781448A true US3781448A (en) 1973-12-25

Family

ID=3570495

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00260122A Expired - Lifetime US3781448A (en) 1971-06-09 1972-06-06 Electric slag refining process and apparatus

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3781448A (de)
JP (1) JPS5128242B2 (de)
AT (1) AT307643B (de)
DE (1) DE2218484C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2140395B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1348104A (de)
IT (1) IT960856B (de)
SE (1) SE370846B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4252988A (en) * 1978-03-22 1981-02-24 Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft Electroslag remelting plant

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5416809B2 (de) * 1973-06-26 1979-06-25

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE328357C (de) * 1914-02-24 1920-10-27 Joseph Lawton Dixon Schaltung fuer elektrische OEfen, bei welchen die Elektroden mit transformiertem Mehrphasenwechselstrom gespeist werden
DE1125572B (de) * 1960-10-06 1962-03-15 Heraeus Gmbh W C Antriebsvorrichtung fuer Elektroden in Vakuum-Lichtbogenoefen
AT285839B (de) * 1969-02-03 1970-11-10 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Anlage zum Elektroschlackenumschmelzen von Metallen, insbesondere von Stählen
DE1934218B2 (de) * 1969-07-05 1977-04-28 Leybold-Heraeus GmbH & CoKG, 500OKoIn Verfahren und anordnung zur regelung des abschmelzvorgangs von selbstverzehrenden elektroden
DE1947786A1 (de) * 1969-09-20 1971-04-01 Suedwestfalen Ag Stahlwerke Vorrichtung zum Elektro-Schlacken-Umschmelzen von Metallen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4252988A (en) * 1978-03-22 1981-02-24 Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft Electroslag remelting plant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT307643B (de) 1973-05-25
DE2218484C3 (de) 1983-12-22
SE370846B (de) 1974-10-28
GB1348104A (en) 1974-03-13
FR2140395B1 (de) 1977-01-14
JPS5128242B2 (de) 1976-08-18
DE2218484A1 (de) 1972-12-28
DE2218484B2 (de) 1980-11-06
IT960856B (it) 1973-11-30
JPS4872009A (de) 1973-09-28
FR2140395A1 (de) 1973-01-19

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