US3779694A - Heat gun - Google Patents

Heat gun Download PDF

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Publication number
US3779694A
US3779694A US00197207A US3779694DA US3779694A US 3779694 A US3779694 A US 3779694A US 00197207 A US00197207 A US 00197207A US 3779694D A US3779694D A US 3779694DA US 3779694 A US3779694 A US 3779694A
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outlet
air
temperature
flow
gun
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US00197207A
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D Zagoroff
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B53/00—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging
    • B65B53/02—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat
    • B65B53/06—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat supplied by gases, e.g. hot-air jets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/38—Torches, e.g. for brazing or heating

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Hand held heat gun producing heated air in 250 to l,000 F range employs high performance internal combustion burner discharging exhaust gas at velocity above 4,000 feet per minute and temperature on order to of stoichiometric burning temperature, i.e. 3,450 F for propane fuel.
  • High velocity exhaust gases enter mixing zone preferably in a divergent manner and with perimeter of gas flow cross-section at least 25 percent greater than the perimeter of a circle of equal area, to provide an extended gas-air interface
  • the exhaust gas has a high volume pumping and mixing action upon ambient air, producing in a practical small distance a useful flow of treating air at the desired temperature.
  • the burner outlet is of elongated form with decreasing cross-section towards outlet, e.g. a multiple legged outlet cross-section.
  • Another form has a shower-head like series of small outlets, with diverging axes.
  • a positioning means set a minimum distance between work piece and outlet, to ensure mixing. Where the exhaust gas stream is exposed to admission of increasing air along the length, the positioning means sets the working temperature.
  • a shield extends about the exhaust gas stream, preferably in the form of a tube with space for ambient air.
  • the mass of air increases in mass and decreases rapidly in temperature there along, so length sets discharge temperature.
  • With a closed wall tube the tube cross-section and its inlet in the vicinity of the burner outlet defines the amount of ambient air entrained and thereby sets the discharge temperature.
  • Burners useful in this heat gun are of high capacity type with jet pump feed, pressure recovery passage and flame holder positioned at entry of fuel mixture into the burner chamber.
  • HEAT GUN Numerous applications in industry and home require low temperature heating, for example heating of plastics, to shrink film and to weld and soften tubing, and putty and paint, to soften and remove or dry.
  • Low temperature in the range of 250 to l,000 F, is extremely important since higher temperatures lead to blistering, cracking and charring of these inherently low temperature materials.
  • the most widely used tool for this purpose is the electric heat gun.
  • An electric blower passes cold air over a resistance heating element, and the hot air is directed at the work piece.
  • Two disadvantages are that the power is limited to 3 kw using common electric outlets rated for 30 amp fuses and the tool is not usable in the field where electricity is not available.
  • Units that rely on fuel alone, such as hand held torches have the problem that the flame temperature of common fuels such as natural gas or propane are quite high, above 3,000 F, many more times the desired temperature.
  • common fuels such as natural gas or propane
  • efforts have been made to slow down the flame being applied to the work piece by means such as spreaders, or by employing fuel rich, so-called yellow flames, but still hot spots, overheating, scorching and charring problems persist.
  • I can achieve a much more satisfactory low temperature heating device capable of use as a tempered air heat gun using a flame alone by employing high velocity, intense burning rather than the common low velocity, diffused burning pattern.
  • higher velocity burners are employed to achieve faster, more intense heating rates.
  • This behaviour can be illustrated by plotting the time needed to start melting the end at e.g. a copper piece using the same energy input but varying the exhaust gas velocity directed against the copper. The inference here is that when more gentle heating is sought, low velocities should be employed.
  • the gas torches described above attempt to employ this principle to achieve gentle heating.
  • I thus propose to construct a heat gun with a high velocity burner to entrain air to produce an air blast of intermediate temperature.
  • the air entrainment can take place as in a free jet with a predetermined distance between burner and work piece.
  • the entrainment zone preferably is within an open metal cage, one function of which is to space the burner predictably from the work piece to assure a predetermined blast temperature delivered to the work piece and another function is the admission of additional air along the length.
  • the peak gas product temperature is a predictable function of spacing to the work piece, thus an adjustable cage or other standoff or positioning means can be preset and precalibrated for different output temperature requirements.
  • Another preferred embodiment employs a closed mixing tube of bigger (by at least 5 time) crosssectional area than the burner outlet area. Given a sufficient length of mixing tube, generally 3 to 7 diameters, or shorter where highly dispersive burner outlets are used, this construction assures complete mixing of the burner products with the entrained air resulting in high uniformity in temperature of the resulting stream.
  • the degree of temperature attenuation, (or mixing ratio) is here governed by the ratio of the mixing tube and burner outlet cross-sectional area, and thus a desired temperature can be reproduced repeatedly by the predetermined sizing.
  • the outlet of the combustion chamber is shaped such that the outlet crosssectional area and the down stream cross-section assumes a shape with a perimeter substantially greater than the radius of a single circle of the same area.
  • Such outlets typically take the shape of slits, or multiple rounds.
  • the mixing length to achieve a desired temperature attenuation is reduced in direct proportion to the ambient-to-exhaust gas interface, defined by the exposed perimeter of the stream crosssection. This behaviour can be illustrated by comparing the mixing length of two burners having the same capacity and same exhaust gas velocity but different combustion chamber outlet configurations.
  • An outlet that has at least 25 percent more flow perimeter than a round outlet achieves a desired temperature such as 600 F in 12 inches, contrasted with 16 inches for the circular outlet.
  • a desired temperature such as 600 F in 12 inches, contrasted with 16 inches for the circular outlet.
  • combustion chamber is shaped such that the streamlines of the exhaust gases assume a divergent pattern from the centerline, so that the perimeter of the stream cross-section downstream of the outlet is greater than at the outlet and to separate the exhaust gas molecules from each other as much as possible to maximize exposure to and mixing with ambient air.
  • a pattern can be achieved by inclining the axis of the outlet nozzles away from the center line.
  • slits such a pattern can be achieved by tapering the walls of the combustion chamber away from the center line but maintaining a constantly decreasing cross-sectional area of the chamber to avoid diffusion or separation of the flow inside the chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially diagrammatic vertical crosssectional view of a preferred embodiment having a ducted mixing chamber and a flattened and diverging burner outlet.
  • FIGS. 1a, 2, 3 and 4 are transverse cross-sections taken on lines 12, 2, 3 and 4 respectively in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a downward view taken on line 5 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. lb is a temperature profile taken across the end of the duct.
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a second preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 6a is a temperature profile taken across the end of the cage and FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 are transverse cross-sectional views taken on lines 7, 8 and 9 respectively of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 10 is a series of plots illustrating temperature, velocity and mass flow of the embodiment of FIG. 1, with and without the duct;
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are cross-sectional and end views of another preferred embodiment employing multiple burner outlet passages.
  • pressurized gas G passes through nozzle 1.
  • the nozzle aims into a duct 3.
  • the nozzle-duct combination is commonly known as a jet pump and its function is to entrain air A from openings 0 around the nozzle, between struts 2, see FIG. 1a.
  • the duct comprises a first section of rounded form 3a, then a straight section 3b followed by divergent section 30 and then a short length of straight section 3d.
  • the pump formed by rounded inlet, and subsequent straight, divergent and straight sections provide a fuelair mixture at as high a pressure as possible, typically 2 inches water column, up to 4 inches water column, assuming a pumping pressure of psi for gas G.
  • Handle 4 supports the duct 3 which supports all else.
  • the mixture is directed into the burner.
  • the burner consists of an internal combustion chamber 5 and the bluff body flameholder 8. Gas is burned in the combustion chamber. Flame is prevented from flashing back into the jet pump because of the design of the flameholder. Passages, dimension e, are so small that the gas velocity therethrough is greater than the burning velocity so the flame simply cannot travel upstream.
  • the combustion chamber is cylindrical, and then flattens out, FIG. 3.
  • the passage has equal or as shown, decreasing cross-sectional area while it fans out in one direction to increase the wetted perimeter.
  • the flow cross-section area of FIG. 3 is larger than the outlet 5 FIG. 4. The gases are thus accelerated as they come out of the burner.
  • the geometry is particularly important in this latter half of the burner, to maintain velocity and avoid separation of the stream from the diverging walls.
  • the air enters the rounded inlet 3a at a slow velocity and speeds up to a very high velocity inside pump 3 reaching a maximum around 8,000 fpm in section 31).
  • the diffuser 3c it slows, the velocity energy converting to static pressure head.
  • the gas enters the burner S and is heated it tends to expand and .it increases in velocity again to a maximum in the outlet 5 of the burner at dimension g, to around 6,000 fpm. From then on the gas starts to entrain large quantities of treating air A and the mixture slows down.
  • the air velocity will generally be greater than feet per second, ranging from to 200 feet per second.
  • Graph lines A represent performance of a free jet, i.e. where free flow of air occurs into the exhaust stream at all points along jet length.
  • Dashed lines B represent use of the closed wall tube, 7.
  • the duct 7 of this second jet pump in FIG. 1 has a cross section area which as is shown in FIG. 4 is substantially larger than the outlet area 5 of the burner, with an order of magnitude from 5 to 50.
  • the air inlet 70 to duct 7 is of corresponding size, due to its flared form, positioned by struts 6 concentrically about the burner 5.
  • the velocity of the hot gases entrains cold air, and this stream mixes in the duct, the reason for the duct being to equalize the velocities and the temperature of the mixture. If the duct were cut too short a hot core and a cold outside would be found. Complete mixing occurs so that after a length of more than about 3 diameters up to 7 depending upon design, equal temperature and equal velocity come out.
  • the amount of air entrained is governed primarily by the area ratio of duct 7 to the burner outlet area.
  • the dimensions may be selected as follows:
  • the hot air gun With this particular construction with propane introduced at 22% psig, at a fuel rate of 0.0116 lb/min, corresponding to 13,500 BTU/hour, the hot air gun will deliver 28.6 cfm of air at 1,000 F, velocity 1,200 fpm.
  • FIG. 6 has the same jet pump in common as FIG. 1. It shows different burner geometry 9.
  • the burner in FIG. 6 has three outlet slits 9 arranged in clover-leaf formation rather than one slit, with transition from cylindrical to that form, compare FIGS. 7, 8 and 9.
  • the first half of the combustion chamber shape or cross sectional area is not critical but the latter half has ever decreasing cross-sectional areas.
  • the crosssections become calculable after the heating capacity is established.
  • a 15,000 BTU/hour burner would typically have a 3/ 10 square inch of outlet area, FIG. 7, arrived at taking into consideration the maximum velocity of the generator and the amount of combustion gases.
  • FIG. 6 The mixing of FIG. 6 is very length-dependent. The further downstream from the burner the more air is drawn in, the lower the temperature has dropped, see FIG. 10. This temperature attenuation curve is very predictable for each size of outlet and velocity through it. Due to the fact that there is an ever decreasing temperature, one can select the temperature wanted.
  • a device such as shown in FIG. 6 is employed where cage 11 serves to position the burner relative to the workpiece andstill admit air for mixing.This cage can be adjusted. It consists of a strut 12 that mounts in a support post 13. It is fixed with a screw 14. This strut has indentations shown so it can be calibrated for various temperatures. This whole structure holds the cage in the calibrated position relative to the burner.
  • FIG. 6 one needs to move the cage back and forth to establish the heated air temperature at the end of the cage. It sets a maximum temperature deliverable to the workpiece and by moving away one can set lower temperatures. Typically, to achieve the same low temperature with same burner design, the length of cage 11 beyond the burner will be less than the length of tube 7, and hence may be more convenient for certain applications. Where the uniformity of the temperature of all air emitted from the outlet is important, one may choose however the embodiment of FIG. I over that of FIG. 6, compare FIGS. 1b and 6a and 10. Another advantage of FIG. 1 is that it is windproof in high cross winds, useful for instance in airports, railroads and power and telephone line repair.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 another embodiment employs chamber outlet openings like a shower head, with axes of openings divergent from one another to provide a downwardly expanding stream.
  • a hand held gun for providing a flow of heated air in the 250 F to L000 F range against a work object relying upon fuel alone without assistance of blowers or compressors, said gun comprising the combination of a gaseous fuel jet adapted for connection to a conventional fuel gas source such as propane having a stoichiometric burning temperature above 3,000 F, a jet pump activated by said gas jet and having an opening for drawing atmospheric air for combustion into a subatmospheric pressure region produced by said jet, said 5 jet pump constructed to impart velocity to said combustion air by mixing, an enlarged pressure recovery passage into which the mixture of gaseous fuel and combustion air proceeds, said recovery passage constructed to convert velocity head of said gases to a pressure head exceeding atmospheric pressure, an internal combustion chamber, said chamber having an entry into which said pressure recovery passage discharges, a flame holding means at said entry and an outlet discharging combustion gases, the effective wetted perimeter of the flow cross-section of said outlet being at least 25 percent greater in length than the perimeter of a single circle of identical cross-sectional area, providing an
  • the gun of claim I having a multiplicity of elongated outlet aperture portions for combustion gases, and aperture portions arranged to discharge in the same general direction into different portions of said mixing and propelling zone.
  • said temperature limiting structure comprises a shield member extending about said outlet in a spaced relation defining an axial inlet for atmospheric air adjacent said outlet and having wall portions extending downstream providing a multiplicity of lateral atmospheric air openings along the length of said temperature-limiting structure through which air may freely enter said shield, there to be propelled and heated by said combustion gases.
  • the gun of claim 1 including means fixing the downstream end of said temperature-limiting device at a predetermined position from said outlet thereby for a given fuel flow, enabling the temperature at said downstream end to be set at a predetermined level.
  • a hand held gun for providing a flow of heated air in the 250 F to 1,000 F range against a work object relying upon fuel alone without assistance of blowers or compressors, said gun comprising the combination of a gaseous fuel jet adapted for connection to a conventional fuel gas source such as propane having a stoichiometric burning temperature above 3.000" F, a jet pump activated by said gas jet and having an opening for drawing atmospheric air for combustion into a subatmospheric pressure region produced by said jet, said jet pump constructed to impart velocity to said combustion air by mixing, an enlarged pressure recovery passage into which the mixture of gaseous fuel and combustion air proceeds, said recovery passage constructed to convert velocity head of said gases to a pressure head exceeding atmospheric pressure, an internal combustion chamber, said chamber having an entry into which said pressure recovery passage discharges, a flame holding means at said entry and an outlet discharging combustion gases, the effective wetted perimeter of the flow cross-section of said outlet being at least 25 percent greater in length than the perimeter of a single circle of identical cross-sectional area, providing an extended

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
US00197207A 1971-11-10 1971-11-10 Heat gun Expired - Lifetime US3779694A (en)

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AR (1) AR205688A1 (xx)
BE (1) BE791005A (xx)
BR (1) BR7207924D0 (xx)
CA (1) CA982927A (xx)
DE (1) DE2254891C3 (xx)
FR (1) FR2160054A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1413807A (xx)
IT (1) IT975692B (xx)
SE (1) SE414962B (xx)
ZA (1) ZA727976B (xx)

Cited By (23)

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US3892517A (en) * 1972-10-19 1975-07-01 Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc Appartus for generating a heated oxygen enriched gas stream
US3917442A (en) * 1971-11-10 1975-11-04 Dimiter S Zagoroff Heat gun
US4067686A (en) * 1975-04-22 1978-01-10 Ladislav Stephan Karpisek Nozzle
US4082497A (en) * 1976-03-29 1978-04-04 Ex-Cell-O Corporation High capacity quiet burner for hot air heating system
US4179262A (en) * 1976-10-07 1979-12-18 Gantevoort Heinz L Gas-heating appliance
US4247509A (en) * 1979-03-05 1981-01-27 Talpak, Inc. Boat weatherization with heat-shrunk plastic film
US4496310A (en) * 1982-07-16 1985-01-29 Msk-Verpackungs-Systeme Gmbh Burner for producing a flow of hot gas in particular for shrinking a plastic foil
WO1988004012A1 (en) * 1986-11-24 1988-06-02 Aga Aktiebolag A method of reducing the flame temperature of a burner and a burner intended therefor
US4790744A (en) * 1986-03-14 1988-12-13 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Burner with low emission of polluting gases
US5213494A (en) * 1991-01-11 1993-05-25 Rothenberger Werkzeuge-Maschinen Gmbh Portable burner for fuel gas with two mixer tubes
US5344314A (en) * 1993-04-09 1994-09-06 Shrinkfast Marketing Turbine device for hot air generation
US5716204A (en) * 1995-07-17 1998-02-10 Tokai Corporation Combustion device in lighters
US6138662A (en) * 1994-09-30 2000-10-31 Philomena Joan Jones Heaters
EP1074748A1 (en) * 1999-08-03 2001-02-07 Maytronics Ltd. Exit tube for rotary impeller
US20060249596A1 (en) * 2005-05-06 2006-11-09 Cheng-Tsan Chou Pre-mixing torch device and method for optical fiber couplers
CN1293343C (zh) * 2004-09-22 2007-01-03 杨小华 喷火灯头
US20080241781A1 (en) * 2005-10-28 2008-10-02 Sefmat Rue De Betnoms Hot Air Internal Ignition Burner/Generator
WO2010111774A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-07 Shawcor Ltd. Method and device for concentrated heating of shrink sleeves
CN102825703A (zh) * 2012-08-28 2012-12-19 无锡市华润环保设备有限公司 一种滚塑机的火把组件
US20150072296A1 (en) * 2013-09-09 2015-03-12 Robbie Warren Lundstrom Natural Draft Combustion Mixer
US20150192293A1 (en) * 2012-06-22 2015-07-09 Ferndale Investments Pty Ltd Heating torch
US10336482B2 (en) * 2016-10-21 2019-07-02 General Electric Technology Gmbh System, method and apparatus for preserving and capping tubes
WO2022017178A1 (zh) * 2020-07-24 2022-01-27 项强力 一种新型喷枪

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DE2948437A1 (de) * 1979-12-01 1981-06-04 Msk - Verpackungs-Systeme Gmbh, 4192 Kalkar Vorrichtung zum schrumpfen von insbesondere palettierten und mit einer schrumpfhaube ueberzogenen stapeln
FR2520090B1 (fr) * 1982-01-15 1986-09-19 Guilbert & Fils Leon Bruleur a gaz de puissance reglable pour retracter les matieres thermo-retractables, notamment en vue de l'emballage de produits plus ou moins volumineux
DE3611592A1 (de) * 1986-04-07 1987-10-08 Rothenberger Gmbh Co Handbrenner
FR2606491B1 (fr) * 1986-11-12 1989-03-03 Stepack Dispositif d'allumage pour bruleur a haute vitesse de type a buse froide et bruleur utilisant ledit dispositif
DE9006308U1 (de) * 1990-06-05 1990-08-09 Develog, Reiner Hannen & Cie, Corgémont Handschrumpfgerät
DE19617675A1 (de) * 1996-05-03 1997-11-13 Domagala Walter Gasbetriebenes Schrumpfgerät für Verpackungsfolien

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US1921152A (en) * 1928-11-13 1933-08-08 Caldwell Ex Corp Heater
US1925183A (en) * 1932-04-25 1933-09-05 Standard Oil Co Burner
US2001739A (en) * 1933-10-03 1935-05-21 Standard Oil Co California Gas burner
US2398654A (en) * 1940-01-24 1946-04-16 Anglo Saxon Petroleum Co Combustion burner
US2666480A (en) * 1947-02-24 1954-01-19 Repeter Products Inc Hand torch and igniter for use with low boiling point fuel
US2578101A (en) * 1947-10-15 1951-12-11 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for producing fibers from glass and other heat softenable materials
US2746529A (en) * 1950-11-17 1956-05-22 Stewart Warner Corp Resonant combustion device for heating engines and similar structures
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Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917442A (en) * 1971-11-10 1975-11-04 Dimiter S Zagoroff Heat gun
US3892517A (en) * 1972-10-19 1975-07-01 Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc Appartus for generating a heated oxygen enriched gas stream
US4067686A (en) * 1975-04-22 1978-01-10 Ladislav Stephan Karpisek Nozzle
US4082497A (en) * 1976-03-29 1978-04-04 Ex-Cell-O Corporation High capacity quiet burner for hot air heating system
US4179262A (en) * 1976-10-07 1979-12-18 Gantevoort Heinz L Gas-heating appliance
US4247509A (en) * 1979-03-05 1981-01-27 Talpak, Inc. Boat weatherization with heat-shrunk plastic film
US4496310A (en) * 1982-07-16 1985-01-29 Msk-Verpackungs-Systeme Gmbh Burner for producing a flow of hot gas in particular for shrinking a plastic foil
US4790744A (en) * 1986-03-14 1988-12-13 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Burner with low emission of polluting gases
WO1988004012A1 (en) * 1986-11-24 1988-06-02 Aga Aktiebolag A method of reducing the flame temperature of a burner and a burner intended therefor
US5213494A (en) * 1991-01-11 1993-05-25 Rothenberger Werkzeuge-Maschinen Gmbh Portable burner for fuel gas with two mixer tubes
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA982927A (en) 1976-02-03
FR2160054A5 (xx) 1973-06-22
DE2254891C3 (de) 1983-04-28
ZA727976B (en) 1973-08-29
SE414962B (sv) 1980-08-25
BR7207924D0 (pt) 1973-11-01
JPS4855435A (xx) 1973-08-03
DE2254891A1 (de) 1973-05-24
DE2254891B2 (de) 1976-07-01
IT975692B (it) 1974-08-10
AU4844372A (en) 1974-05-02
BE791005A (fr) 1973-03-01
GB1413807A (en) 1975-11-12
AR205688A1 (es) 1976-05-31
JPS5624161B2 (xx) 1981-06-04

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