US3778866A - Door closer - Google Patents

Door closer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3778866A
US3778866A US00198709A US3778866DA US3778866A US 3778866 A US3778866 A US 3778866A US 00198709 A US00198709 A US 00198709A US 3778866D A US3778866D A US 3778866DA US 3778866 A US3778866 A US 3778866A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
door
brake
drum
brake drum
spindle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00198709A
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English (en)
Inventor
Y Nakanishi
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of US3778866A publication Critical patent/US3778866A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/16Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with friction brakes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132Doors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a door closer, more particularly to a novel and improved product or device for controlling and decelerating a return speed of a door closed by a spring by means of a mechanically frictional brake.
  • a door closer which return speed is decelerated by inserting a piston into a cylinder, controlling the moving speed of the piston by utilizing a fluid such as air or oil, thereby lowering the speed, has publicly been known, and many of such door closers are practically used at present.
  • the door closer with the use of such fluid causes difference in the decelerating action by a temperature change of the open air or trouble in the decelerating action by leakage of the fluid.
  • there is required high precision of size between the cylinder and the piston and a valve mechanism while it is generally large-sized from the limit of efficiency thereof and production cost becomes high. Further, such large-sized appearance is an offense to the eye.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a door closer which return speed actuated in the closing direction by a spring is controlled by a proper mechanically frictional brake action. Further, the efficiency of the door closer according to the present invention is excellent, the door can quietly be returned, the fastening of the door can be maintained with durability, and the structure thereof is very simple and compact, so that the present door closer can easily and economically be produced and the processing thereof is also possible, and the device, article and member having good appearance can be provided.
  • the device and parts having the above-mentioned seeking properties can be obtained. Further, the member also contains characteristics, which will be explained later.
  • the door closer comprises a torsion spring for rotating the door in the closing direction and a brake drum which rotates in proportion to rotation of the door, wherein the brake drum is coupled to the torsion spring and rotated by interlocking with a shaft rotated in the closing direction, so as to prevent rotation of the brake drum and to decelerate the closing speed'of the door, thus the shaft is arranged at the position for inserting the brake drum, and at least two brake shoe units are provided on brake surfaces of the brake drum, respectively.
  • the brake drum and brake shoe are made of elastic material and as an elastic material plastics is used.
  • the door check device containing the brake drum and a special brake drum itself are provided.
  • main body is substantially solid or the other one which main body has an annular groove.
  • the brake drum having an annular groove can be annular-intermittent, but it will form a space region and such space region can be utilized for the brake action and the means for maintaining a compression spring for pressing the brake drum to the other, which will be explained later.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the door closer according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the door closer without an upper cover plate and an arm;
  • FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the door closer without a lower cover plate and an arm
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the door closer along the line IV-IV of FIG. 2, partly cut off;
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the door closer along the line V-V of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the door closer along the line VI-VI of FIG. 4, partly cut off;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a brake drum, a brake shoe and a brake disk
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the brake drum viewed from the lower part thereof;
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the brake viewed from the lower part thereof.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a rotor and a lining
  • FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a modification of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. l2- is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the brake drum.
  • a case 1 is secured to the door (not shown) by means of a bracket 2 elongated to both sides thereof.
  • a shaft 3 is rotatably supported. The shaft 3 is actuated in accordance with rotation of the door secured through arms 5 6 and a bracket 7.
  • the case 1 is formed in a horizontally square shape with outer walls 8 9 l0 and 11 on every outer sides, but upper and lower sides are opened and separated into an upper chamber 13 and a lower chamber 14 by a partition 12 provided in the middle. At the central portion of the partition there is a hole 15 where the shaft 3 is freely disposed and a cylinder 16 through the hole is'extended from the partition to downwards.
  • the shaft 3 is square-shaped in cross section, provided with an annular groove 17 at optional position, and supported with the partition 12 by engaging a stop ring 18 having a C-shape engaged to the groove to the periphery of the hole 15 of the partition.
  • a brake disk 19 is mounted on the upper surface of the partition 12 in the state of freely inserting the shaft 3 in a hole 19a of the disk and inserting the C-ring '18 therebetween, and tightly secured to the partition by means of a screw 22 screwed in a screw hole of the partition 12 from the peripheral hole.
  • a space 23 is provided between the shaft 3 and the cylinder 16 and a torsion spring 24 is inserted between the space.
  • One of ends of the torsion spring is inserted in a hole 26 of the partition 12 and in a hole 29 of a rotor 28 is inserted the other end 27, thereby controlling the action of the door correlatively moving with the other mechanism and means through the rotor.
  • cover plate 30 is secured to a back wall 1 l by means of a bracket 31 13 bent at right angles at one side and a screw 32.
  • a projection 34 having engaging surfaces 34a 34b is extended from the outer periphery of the rotor 28, so as to swing between both the front and rear wall surfaces 8 l1 faced to the outward from a recess portion 35 at a lower end of the cylinder 16.
  • a plastic lining 36 for suitably contacting it to the cylinder 16.
  • the lining 36 has a frictional portion 36a covering the outer periphery of the rotor and a flange portion 36b covering the upper surface of the rotor, and then a recess portion 360 of the frictional portion is engaged across the projection 34, so as to prevent a relative slip of the rotor 28 with the lining 36.
  • On the rotor 28 and the partition 12 are extended arc-shaped walls 28a 28b, respectively, and these walls are in the state of contacting to the inner surface of the spring 24 to equally twist the spring 24.
  • the brake drum 37 has an annular groove 38 which upper surface is opened, and a coil spring 39 is provided in the groove. At the upper portion of the brake drum is provided a disk 40 which is not relatively rotated with the shaft 30 and slidably moved in the axial direction, thereby the spring 39 is sealed in the annular groove 38.
  • a cover plate 41 is secured to the rear wall 11 of the case by the rear peripheral brackets 42 42 and the screw 43 in the same manner with the cover plate 30 of the lower part, theupper opening of the case 1 is closed, and the upper end of the shaft 3 is extended upwards from the central hole 44.
  • the brake drum 37 and the disk 40 have the same diameter, are contacted with both the front and rear wall surfaces 8 11, and the contact surface 45 of both the wall surfaces is formed by the same are surface with the outer peripheries of the brake drum 37 and the disk 40, so that the brake drum 37 and the disk 40 are supported to allow rotation only without moving to all sides by both the walls 8 11. Accordingly, the shaft 3 integrally connected with the brake drum 37 is rotated on the concentric axis.
  • the lower surface of the brake drum 37 is superposed on the surface of the brake disk 19 and pressed by the spring 39.
  • the brake disk 19 is formed proper uneven surfaces, e.g., convex portions radially extended from the center, on the upper surface, while concave surfaces 63a are formed by these convex portions. Further, on the lower surface of the brake drum 37 are formed radially uneven portions 64, 640 which engage the convex portion 63 with the concave portion 63a, thereby a braking force becomes large.
  • a brake shoe unit 46 has a concave surface 50 by corresponding to the brake drum and the concave surface is contacted to the brake drum for braking the rotation of the drum.
  • both ends 52 52 of the vertical pieces are slidably contacted to the inner surfaces of the cover 41 and the partition 12, and both the side surfaces 53 are slidably contacted to the inner surfaces of the front and rear walls 8 11, and along these inner surfaces the sliding of each brake shoe unit can be allowed to both sides at the proper condition.
  • each brake shoe unit In the spaces between each brake shoe unit and both the right and left walls 9 and 10 are provided springs 47, respectively, and the brake shoe is pressed to the brake drum by the spring.
  • the shaft secured with the brake drum is maintained at the straight position, so that the braking force can be made larger, and the shaft is smoothly rotated even if the structure of the supporting means of the shaft is simplified. Further, each spring force can be minimized by despersing the braking force, so that minimization of the device and easy assmebly of the spring can be brought. Further, the wear of the brake drum and the brake shoe units can be lessened.
  • a square plate 54 is provided between one end of the spring 47 and the inner surfaces of both the side walls 9 l, a projection 55 projected on the inner surface of the plate is extended in the spring 47, a recess 56 is formed on the outer surface of the plate corresponding to the projection, and one end of a screw 57 is inserted into the recess.
  • the screw is secured into screw holes of both side walls 9 and 10 of the case, and the plate is moved to both sides by rotating the screw to either side of the right or left.
  • the brake drum 37 has the annular groove 38, the followings are liable to cause.
  • One of them is, in case of pressing the brake surface of the brake drum by the brake shoe units from both sides, to cause deformation of the brake drum by compressed in the direction of its pressing force and elongated to the lateral directions, i.e., an oval.
  • the phenomenon of the compression and elongation along the outer periphery is alternatively repeated.
  • Such deformation is actuated for preventing rotation of the brake drum and the whole braking force becomes larger by adding the frictional resistance-thereto.
  • the other one of them is to shortin the height of the case in proportion to the length of the portion where the spring 39 is inserted, into the annular groove 38 of the brake drum, so that it brings minimization of the whole device. Accompanied with these, the spring 39 is stably supported by entering into the manner groove.
  • the partially uneven surface can be formed at a special position or in a special configuration. That is, the partially uneven surface is, when the door is at the opened position, contacted or not contacted with the brake surface of the brake shoe, and in accordance with rotation of the door in the closing direction it is strongly contacted with the brake surface of the shoe. Such means strengthens the essential action of the brake means.
  • the drum may be made of materials consisting of acetal resin or polyamide resin, to which is mixed asbestos powder.
  • acetal resin or polyamide resin to which is mixed asbestos powder.
  • asbestos powder there is a material made by mixing 100 parts by weight of Duracon (Trademark of Cellanese Co., in the U.S.A.) with asbestos powder at the ratio of 10-45 parts by weight.
  • the brake drum made by the material has rich durability, large friction coefficient and rigidity which is lacked in the other plastic materials, further the brake drum has less creep amount and low hygroscopicity. Accordingly, there is no excess slip and proper friction coactuating with rigidity, so as to bring the preferable brake action which cannot be obtained from the brake means of a preceding piston type.
  • This asbestos powder is successively thrusted on the surface of the drum, even if the plastic material which is mixed with is reduced, and makes rigidity, friction and the like of the drum almost unchangeable.
  • the asbestos powder gives thermal resistance to the drum so as to avoid thermal expansion and thermal strain which cause at the time of friction.
  • nylon is also preferably used.
  • the brake disk and brake shoe are formed with the same material as well as the brake drum. Further, with the use of the same material, the function of the above-mentioned brake drum is accelerated and stability of the convex portion which is liable to be broken is increased.
  • This device is constructed by the means and members and both ends of the shaft extending above and below; therefore, it can be applied at either side by simply turning it upside down.
  • the end portion which shaft is not used is covered with a cap 70 (for instance, made of synthetic resin).
  • a hook 71 is projected at an opening periphery of the cap and hooked to the hole 33 of the cover plate.
  • FIG. 11 is referred.
  • the spring 39 is provided at the lower portion of the brake disk 19 instead of pressing the brake drum downwardly, and applied to press it at the brake drum side.
  • a cylinder 65 is provided in the cylinder 16.
  • the cylinder 65 is extended downwardly from the partition 12, the spring is provided in a space 67 between the cylinder 65 and the shaft 3, and the spring is supported by a flange 66 provided at the lower end of the cylinder.
  • the C-ring 18 is engaged with the groove 17 of the shaft between the flange and the spring.
  • the projection 68 is extended to the lower surface of the disk
  • the projection is inserted into a hole 69 of the partition, and it does not make rotation of the brake disk but makes possible to move it to the axial direction.
  • the case 1, the partition 12 and the cylinders 16 65 are integrally formed in one frame by a die cast method, but it is also possible to form each member separately and to assemble them with screws or the like.
  • the brake drum and the brake shoe unit coact with the brake drum from the directions of both sides can check whether or not the door is slammed. Further, according to the present device, the door can smoothly and quietly be closed with the aid of friction of the brake members from both sides, spring pressure, friction of the brake members in the vertical, i.e., axial direction, spring pressure and the like.
  • a door closing and checking device comprising, a rotary spindle rotatable in opposite directions, means connected to said spindle for connection to a door to be closed and checked, means comprising a torsion spring circumferentially of said spindle for developing and storing energy during opening of the door and applying a biasing force to said spindle in a direction for closing said door, a brake drum circumferentially of said spindle coaxial with said torsion spring, means connecting the brake drum to said spindle for rotation therewith, a plurality of arcuate brake shoes biased into engagement with said brake drum peripherally thereof when said drum rotates in a direction corresponding to the direction of rotation when said door is being closed, a friction brake member coaxial with drum, spring means biasing the drum axially into frictional contact with said friction brake member coacting with said brake shoes in braking the rotation of said brake drum.
  • a door closing and checking device in which said brake drum comprises external surfaces having different coefficients of friction engaged by said shoes, said surfaces comprising surfaces of greater friction engaged by said shoes as said drum rotates in a direction corresponding to a direction of rotation when the door is being closed.
  • a door closing and checking device in which said surfaces having a greater friction comprise knurled surfaces.
  • a door closing and checking device in which a friction brake member is disposed circumferentially of said spindle, and in which said spring means is disposed internally of said brake drum.
  • a door closing and checking device including a rotor circumferentially of said spindle and rotatable therewith, said rotor being disposed coaxial with said torsion spring, means on said rotor for connecting the torsion spring and rotor for variable adjustment of the torsion force developed by said spring when said door is opened.
  • a door closing and checking device according to compartments, said spring means and rotor being disposed in one of said compartments and said friction member and rotor being disposed in the other of said claim 5, including a casing having a first and a second compartmentscompartment, said spindle extending axially into said

Landscapes

  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)
US00198709A 1970-11-20 1971-11-15 Door closer Expired - Lifetime US3778866A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP45102100A JPS523227B1 (no) 1970-11-20 1970-11-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3778866A true US3778866A (en) 1973-12-18

Family

ID=14318351

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00198709A Expired - Lifetime US3778866A (en) 1970-11-20 1971-11-15 Door closer

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US3778866A (no)
JP (1) JPS523227B1 (no)
AU (1) AU471812B2 (no)
BE (1) BE775630A (no)
BR (1) BR7107710D0 (no)
CA (1) CA969198A (no)
CH (1) CH546876A (no)
DE (1) DE2157568C3 (no)
FR (1) FR2114853A5 (no)
GB (1) GB1362999A (no)
IT (1) IT940709B (no)
MY (1) MY7500256A (no)
SU (1) SU546293A3 (no)
ZA (1) ZA717649B (no)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3934306A (en) * 1975-01-06 1976-01-27 Federal Sign And Signal Corporation Door closure device
US4103392A (en) * 1976-10-26 1978-08-01 Masco Corporation Door closing apparatus
US4783881A (en) * 1985-04-09 1988-11-15 Ho Shi C Door closing device with a belt-shaped spiral spring
EP0729737A1 (en) * 1995-03-03 1996-09-04 Premis Medical B.V. Walking carriage
US5572768A (en) * 1994-04-13 1996-11-12 Enidine Incorporated Door closer
US6725503B1 (en) * 2002-10-17 2004-04-27 Wu Shiong Lin Door closer having dual operating directions
USD647779S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-11-01 D & D Group Pty Ltd Hinge
USD647782S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-11-01 D&D Group Pty Ltd Latch
USD647781S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-11-01 D&D Group Pty Ltd Handle
USD649008S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-11-22 D & D Group Pty Ltd. Hinge
USD649009S1 (en) 2011-02-07 2011-11-22 D & D Group Pty Ltd Hinge
USD649007S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-11-22 D & D Group Pty Ltd Hinge
USD661173S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2012-06-05 D&D Group Pty Ltd. Hinge
USD672631S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2012-12-18 D & D Group Pty Ltd. Striker for latch
USD673024S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2012-12-25 D & D Group Pty Ltd. Hinge
USD675080S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2013-01-29 D & D Group Pty Ltd Handle
US20180230727A1 (en) * 2017-02-14 2018-08-16 Steve Cummings Automatic lock-unlock door safety control
US20220065017A1 (en) * 2019-09-09 2022-03-03 Schlage Lock Company Llc Door control armature assemblies

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2121871A (en) * 1982-03-30 1984-01-04 Duk Dan Heung A motor system of door closer
US9296464B1 (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-03-29 The Boeing Company Aircraft and associated door member biasing assembly and method
CN107587804A (zh) * 2016-07-06 2018-01-16 赵悦 一种自动开闭门装置

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1134223A (en) * 1914-01-19 1915-04-06 Francis V Phillips Shock-absorber.
US1228012A (en) * 1915-09-01 1917-05-29 Charles Forth Door-closing mechanism.
US1671614A (en) * 1923-11-30 1928-05-29 Manhattan Electrical Supply Co Door closing and checking device and the like
US1733514A (en) * 1927-09-27 1929-10-29 Manhattan Electrical Supply Co Doorcheck
US1807607A (en) * 1931-06-02 smith
US2167409A (en) * 1937-07-10 1939-07-25 Schmidt Walter Automatic door check with tension contrivance and mechanical brake
US2328851A (en) * 1941-05-05 1943-09-07 Shackleton Harry Door closer
US2441278A (en) * 1946-07-27 1948-05-11 B L Mallory Company Door spring and check
US3094200A (en) * 1960-11-21 1963-06-18 Schlage Lock Co Release device for hold open door closers
DK64786A (da) * 1985-02-12 1986-08-13 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt Driv- og positioneringsaggregat

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1705823A (en) * 1929-03-19 marcus
FR402914A (fr) * 1909-05-11 1909-10-20 Wilhelm Lieverenz Dispositif de frein pour ferme-porte
DE646323C (de) * 1935-06-23 1937-06-11 E & C Hartkopf G M B H Tuerschliesser
DE1175110B (de) * 1959-01-29 1964-07-30 Dr Wilhelm Bardfeld Tuerschliesser

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1807607A (en) * 1931-06-02 smith
US1134223A (en) * 1914-01-19 1915-04-06 Francis V Phillips Shock-absorber.
US1228012A (en) * 1915-09-01 1917-05-29 Charles Forth Door-closing mechanism.
US1671614A (en) * 1923-11-30 1928-05-29 Manhattan Electrical Supply Co Door closing and checking device and the like
US1733514A (en) * 1927-09-27 1929-10-29 Manhattan Electrical Supply Co Doorcheck
US2167409A (en) * 1937-07-10 1939-07-25 Schmidt Walter Automatic door check with tension contrivance and mechanical brake
US2328851A (en) * 1941-05-05 1943-09-07 Shackleton Harry Door closer
US2441278A (en) * 1946-07-27 1948-05-11 B L Mallory Company Door spring and check
US3094200A (en) * 1960-11-21 1963-06-18 Schlage Lock Co Release device for hold open door closers
DK64786A (da) * 1985-02-12 1986-08-13 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt Driv- og positioneringsaggregat

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3934306A (en) * 1975-01-06 1976-01-27 Federal Sign And Signal Corporation Door closure device
US4103392A (en) * 1976-10-26 1978-08-01 Masco Corporation Door closing apparatus
US4783881A (en) * 1985-04-09 1988-11-15 Ho Shi C Door closing device with a belt-shaped spiral spring
US5572768A (en) * 1994-04-13 1996-11-12 Enidine Incorporated Door closer
EP0729737A1 (en) * 1995-03-03 1996-09-04 Premis Medical B.V. Walking carriage
NL9500423A (nl) * 1995-03-03 1996-10-01 Premis Med Bv Loopwagen.
US5887887A (en) * 1995-03-03 1999-03-30 Premis Medical B.V. Walking carriage
US6725503B1 (en) * 2002-10-17 2004-04-27 Wu Shiong Lin Door closer having dual operating directions
USD647781S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-11-01 D&D Group Pty Ltd Handle
USD675080S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2013-01-29 D & D Group Pty Ltd Handle
USD647779S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-11-01 D & D Group Pty Ltd Hinge
USD649008S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-11-22 D & D Group Pty Ltd. Hinge
USD647782S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-11-01 D&D Group Pty Ltd Latch
USD649007S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-11-22 D & D Group Pty Ltd Hinge
USD661173S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2012-06-05 D&D Group Pty Ltd. Hinge
USD672631S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2012-12-18 D & D Group Pty Ltd. Striker for latch
USD673024S1 (en) 2011-02-04 2012-12-25 D & D Group Pty Ltd. Hinge
USD649009S1 (en) 2011-02-07 2011-11-22 D & D Group Pty Ltd Hinge
US20180230727A1 (en) * 2017-02-14 2018-08-16 Steve Cummings Automatic lock-unlock door safety control
US10648214B2 (en) * 2017-02-14 2020-05-12 Steve Cummings Automatic lock-unlock door safety control
US20220065017A1 (en) * 2019-09-09 2022-03-03 Schlage Lock Company Llc Door control armature assemblies
US11661782B2 (en) * 2019-09-09 2023-05-30 Schlage Lock Company Llc Door control armature assemblies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MY7500256A (en) 1975-12-31
IT940709B (it) 1973-02-20
BE775630A (fr) 1972-03-16
JPS523227B1 (no) 1977-01-26
CH546876A (fr) 1974-03-15
GB1362999A (en) 1974-08-14
FR2114853A5 (no) 1972-06-30
BR7107710D0 (pt) 1973-03-13
CA969198A (en) 1975-06-10
AU3576371A (en) 1973-05-24
AU471812B2 (en) 1976-05-06
DE2157568B2 (de) 1980-12-11
DE2157568A1 (de) 1972-05-31
ZA717649B (en) 1972-08-30
SU546293A3 (ru) 1977-02-05
DE2157568C3 (de) 1981-07-23

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