US3778590A - Suit for keeping warmth in water - Google Patents

Suit for keeping warmth in water Download PDF

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Publication number
US3778590A
US3778590A US00256282A US3778590DA US3778590A US 3778590 A US3778590 A US 3778590A US 00256282 A US00256282 A US 00256282A US 3778590D A US3778590D A US 3778590DA US 3778590 A US3778590 A US 3778590A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
water
suit
heating units
sheets
worn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00256282A
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English (en)
Inventor
T Iizuka
K Tonooka
T Saitoh
I Yasuda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Achilles Corp
Original Assignee
Kohkoku Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP3837871A external-priority patent/JPS5622758B1/ja
Priority claimed from JP6348371U external-priority patent/JPS518504Y2/ja
Priority claimed from JP566072A external-priority patent/JPS5027942B2/ja
Application filed by Kohkoku Chemical Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Kohkoku Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3778590A publication Critical patent/US3778590A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
    • B63C11/28—Heating, e.g. of divers' suits, of breathing air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A suit for keeping warm in water, comprising basic warming materials, consisting of a chest and abdomen contact part and a back contact part, in which one or more of plate-like heating units are enveloped, back and face, and perfectly sealed within water-proof sheets, having electrical insulation.
  • the contact parts are secured together by connecting pieces, both ends of which are sewn in or bonded with the edges on both ends of the basic materials.
  • Water-proof electric wires connect the enveloped plate-like heating units with each other, and a lead wire connects the water-proof electric wire with an electric source for generating heat to keep warm.
  • the present invention relates to a means for keeping a person warm in water, comprising basic warming materials, in which a plate-like heating unit is enveloped on its back and face in a perfectly sealed condition within insulating water-proof sheets, and connecting pieces for the basic material; and particularly, a suit for keeping a person warm in water, which contacts respectively, the chest and abdomen and the back of the upper half of a human body with the basic warming material and its connecting piece, and the suit can be put on inside awet suit to be worn at the time of underwater swimming.
  • Underwater swimming has been used for a long time for underwater operations, such as harbour public works, rescues of persons in a disaster by water, or the like.
  • underwater operations such as the underwater works and the rescues of persons in a disaster by water
  • sports in water areas, along the sea shore, lakes, rivers, etc. have been becoming popular.
  • a wet suit of rubber film is always used in order to prevent a human body during the underwater swimming from getting cold or being damaged in contact to such as rocks.
  • the wet suit is put on, the human body becomes extremely cold and threatened with an outbreak of cramps of muscles or functional disorders of internal organs, when the underwater swimming is continued for a long period of time at the low temperatures of the winter season.
  • the underwater swimming in the winter season is quite troublesome in a long-continued underwater work and also unsuitable from a sporting point of view, because the above-mentioned disorders are apt to take place very often.
  • the part to be fitted with the inlet is arranged like a conventional one in an exposed condition on the outer end portion and particularly, is liable to receive the action of bending and deflection and the pressure of such as shocks. Therefore, the holding press metal is jacketed with the protecting tube of the lead wire. But, the jacketed part becomes bulky and takes such a make as apt to receive shocks, so that undesirable results may be produced.
  • the suit for keeping warm in water according to the present invention may be connected to a base such as a depot-ship, a land-station or a marine-station by means of a cable along a life line and an air-hose instead of being provided with a battery.
  • the suit for keeping warm in water is constructed with a basic material, in which a plate-like heating unit is especially enveloped and sealed with insulating water-proof sheets, so that even if the inlet of a lead wire is soaked with water by any chance during underwater swimming, water cannot permeate into the interior of the basic material, composing the suit for keeping warm. It is insulated in a good condition, so that electric leakage never takes place.
  • the suit for keeping warm in water comprises that one or more of flexible plate-like heating units, both ends of which are electrodes, a connecting electric wire, arranged between said plate-like heating units, and a water-proof sealer, penetrated by said connecting electric wire, are enveloped on the back and face by an electric insulating water-proof sheet to compose a perfectly sealed basic material; the suit consisting of a chest and abdomen contact panel and a back contact panel, which are composed of said basic materials, connected by flexible connecting bands and shoulder bands.
  • the insulating water-proof sheet in accordance with the present invention is made by the use of suitable materials, such as rubber cloth, rubber sheets, plastic leather, plastic sheets, etc.
  • the plate-like heating unit is made of flexible cloth, for example, strong heat-resisting cloth, applied with conductive paint, or blended cloth of heat-resisting non-conductive fibre, such as glass fibre, with a heating wire, such as a nichrome wire. Both ends of the plate-like heating unit are sewn with metallic fine wires or metallic foil to form an electrode.
  • the basic material comprises that by the use of the abovementioned insulating water-proof sheet, the plate-like heating unit and the connecting electric wire are enveloped from back and face and sealed in a perfect closely contacted condition with a heat-resisting adhesive agent or by such a method as a high-frequency deposition.
  • one or more sheets of the basic material may be connected permanently or detachably by a connecting band.
  • a connecting band there is used a cord or a narrow band, consisting of such suitable flexible raw materials, as rubber woven cloth, rubber yarn or ordinary woven cloth and yarn, knitted cloth, plastic leather, plastic sheets, rubber cloth or rubber sheets.
  • said water-proof sheet may be partly extended to be a connecting band, which is made in such a shape as to bridge more than two basic materials, so that said basic materials are permanently connected.
  • the basic materials are connected by other connecting bands, they are detachably connected by such a method as sewing, tacking, adhesion, welding, etc. or by the use of fastenings, such as hooks, buttons, magic fasteners or the like.
  • the electirc wire to be connected with a heating element, composing the plate-like heating unit according to the present invention, is arranged to pass through the water-proof sealer in the inner part, held between the insulating water-proof sheets.
  • the basic materials corresponding respectively to the chest and abdomen contact panel and the back contact panel, are attached to the necessary partsof the human body to be warmed.
  • the basic materials are contacted to the body by the connecting band, attached to each contact panel, so as not to be removed from the necessary parts during the swimming or working movement.
  • a wet suit is put over the suit for keeping warmth in water.
  • the plate-like heating unit is heated by a charge of electricity from an electric source.
  • the plate-like heating unit is used in the suit for keeping warm in water, so that the suit can be made extremely thin.
  • any oppressive sensation or sense of uncomfortableness is not felt on the body.
  • the basic material is always in close contact with the necessary parts of the human body even in case of a free swimming movement. And besides, after the wet suit is put on, the figure is not spoiled in appearance.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, showing the condition of the same when worn under a wet suit in case of underwater swimming
  • FIG. 2 a plan, partly in section of the above
  • FIG. 3 a side view, showing an example of an electric source, connected with a plate-like heating unit, of which the basic body is composed
  • FIG. 4 a plan, showing a plate-like heating unit partly in section
  • FIG. 5 an enlarged view, showing the cross section along the line A-A' of FIG. 4.
  • a plurality of plate-like heating units 2 are prepared with electrodes 1, which are composed of highly flexible ribbon wires, sewn with conductive metallic fine yarns and are attached on the ends of both sides. Said plate-like heating units 2 are enveloped on the back and face in one piece with insulating water-proof sheets 3 and 4 and sealed by the use of a heat-resisting adhesive agent.
  • the thus-obtained basic materials compose a chest and abdomen contact panel and a back contact panel.
  • Said chest and abdomen contact panel 5 consist of a chest protector 51, an abdomen protector 52 and a binder 53, binding said chest protector 51 and said abdomen protector 52.
  • said binder 53 is made narrow, as compared with the chest protector 51 and the abdomen protector 52.
  • Three sheets of the platelike heating unit 2 are uprightly arranged in parallel in the chest protector 51, while one sheet of the plate-like heating unit 2 is flatly arranged in the abdomen protector 52.
  • Two sheets of plate-like heating unit 2 are uprightly arranged in parallel in the back contact panel 6.
  • the plate-like heating units 2 are respectively connected in parallel with each other by connecting electric wires 7.
  • the connecting electric wires 7 are made slightly longer than the interval of the adjoining platelike heating units, so that they are arranged in an arc,
  • the connecting electric wire 7, connecting the chest and abdomen contact panel 5 and the back contact panel 6, is bonded to a shoulder band through an insulating water-proof coated pipe 8 lest the movement should be disturbed.
  • the connecting electric wire 7 is a ribbon wire, having a good property against bending.
  • the lead wire 9 for the plate-like heating unit 2 is connected at one of the end parts with a water-proof cord connector 10, and at the other end part is led into the chest and abdomen contact panel 5 to be connected with the plate-like heating unit 2.
  • the lead-in wire 9 is covered by an insulating water-proof coated pipe 81 at least on the part, exposed outside the chest and abdomen contact panel 5.
  • the connecting electric wire 7 and the lead-in wire 9 are made at the respective lead-in holes so as to pass to the chest and abdomen contact panel 5 and the back contact panel 6 through a water-proof sealer 11, such as rubber, stuck to and held between the insulating water-proof sheets 3 and 4.
  • the connecting electric wire 7 and the lead-in wire 9, led into the respective contact panels 5 and 6 for the chest and abdomen and the back, are made to pass at several points through a water-proof sealer 12, such as rubber.
  • the chest and abdomen contact panel 5 and the back contact panel 6 are sewn together 15 by two cloth-made shoulder connecting bands 13.
  • Both sides of the chest and abdomen contact panel 5 and the back contact panel 6 are respectively connected detachably by a connecting band 14 to be fastened to the flank.
  • This band 14 is made with a band-shaped piece of rubber woven cloth, having a good flexibility.
  • One end of the band 14 is sewn 151 with both sides of the back contact panel 6, while the other is attached with a magic fastener 16.
  • the paired magic fastener 161 is attached to both sides of the chest and abdomen contact panel 5.
  • the suit for keeping warm in water is first put on and a wet suit 17 is put on over it. Then, such as a cylinder for inhalation is put on the shoulder.
  • a 12V colloidal battery is used for an electric source 18 of the suit for keeping warm in water.
  • the battery is built in a perfectly water-proof box 19, say, a case of aluminium ingot, soaked with synthetic resins. This case 19 can be attached to the above-mentioned cylinder or such as a weight belt.
  • the lead wire, connected with the abovementioned battery is connected with a water-proof cord connector 101 through a water-proof switch 20, attached to the case 19.
  • the water-proof cord connector 10, connected with one end of the lead-in wire 9, is paired with the cord connector 101. Both and 101 are fitted to each other, whereby the electric source 18 is connected with the suit forkeeping warm in water.
  • Electricity is consumed by the plate-like heating units 2, respectively at 12W for three sheets, arranged in parallel in the chest protector 51, at 4W for one sheet, arranged in the abdomen protector 52 and at 8W for two sheets, arranged in parallel in the back contact panel 6.
  • the total amount of the consumed electricity becomes 24W.
  • the superficial temperature reaches 45 C in air.
  • Water, heated by the suit for keeping warmth in water shows about 25 C in water at the water temperature of 4 C. This is the best temperature, suitable for a human body.
  • the cold human body can be suitably warmed up when electricity is intermittently charged by a switch even in air.
  • the binder 53 of the chest protector 51 and the abdomen protector 52, composing the chest and abdomen contact panel 5, is made narrower than both of the above-mentioned protectors 51 and 52, and the plate-like heating units 2 are not built in, so that the abdomen of a human body is not oppressed and can be easily bent.
  • the respective contact panels 5 and 6 for the chest and abdomen and the back are connected by the flexible connecting bands 14 at both sides of the flank of a human body to be closely contacted with the human body and do not separate from the body by the flexible action of the connecting bands 14 even when a swimming movement is carried out. There is no fear of damage because both contact panels 5 and 6 themselves are not elongated.
  • the connecting electric wires 7, held between and inserted into the respective contact panels 5 and 6 for the chest and abdomen and the back, are made of ribbon wires, so that they do not break when bent.
  • the connecting electric wire 7 and the lead-in wire 9 are arranged to pass through the water-proof sealer 11 and the water-proof sealer 12, applied in two or three layers, at the lead-in entrance and the interior of the respective contact panels 5 and 6 for the chest and abdomen and the back. Therefore, water cannot pass along these electric wires to penetrate into the enveloped plate-like heating units 2.
  • a battery is built in the water-proof case 19 and the current is led through the water-proof cord connectors 10 and 101 into the suit for keeping warm in water. Therefore, underwater swimming can be performed freely with the case 19 being attached to the cylinder for inhalation, carried on the back, or to the weight belt. There is no fear of an electric leakage because a good property of waterproofness and insulation is given to all of the abovementioned water-proof cord connectors 10 and 101, the battery case 19, a water-proof switch 20, equipped in said case 19 for the electric source, the lead-in wire 9, the connecting electric wire 7 and the respective contact panels 5 and 6 for the chest and abdomen and the back. Rubber cloth, having layers of rubber and cloth, is used for the water-proof sheets 3 and 4 to envelop and seal the plate-like heating unit 2.
  • the enveloped plate-like heating unit 2 is not flexible and removable. Therefore, there is no danger of damage.
  • the electric wire 7, connected with the plate-like heating unit 2, is arranged an arc. Therefore, there is no fear of a break in the wire even when the waterproof sheets 3 and 4 are extended.
  • a colloidal battery is used for the electric source 18. Therefore, there is no liquid leakage of the battery and no danger of generating hydrogen gas.
  • a suit to be worn for keeping warm in water comprising a chest and abdomen part and a back contact part separate from said chest and abdomen part, connecting bands connected permanently to said chest and abdomen part and said back contact part for securing said parts together and for securing them in place on the body of a wearer of the suit, at least one flexible plate-like heating unit located in each of said parts, a lead wire arranged for electrically connecting said heating units to one another, insulating waterproof sheets sealed together and completely enveloping said heating units, said heating units each comprising a heating element formed of a tough heatproof flexible cloth coated with an electroconductive paint, a pair of flexible electrodes each attached to said flexible cloth at spaced positions from one another, and metallic yarn for fixind fixing electrodes to said flexible cloth.
  • a suit to be worn for keeping warm in water comprising a chest and abdomen part and a back contact part separate from said chest and abdomen part, connecting bands connected detachably to said chest and abdomen contact part and said back contact part for securing said parts together and for securing them in place on the body of a wearer of the suit, at least one flexible plate-like heating unit located in each of said parts, a lead wire arranged for electrically connecting said heating units to one another, insulating waterproof sheets sealed together and completely enveloping said heating units, heating units each comprising a heating element formed of a tough heatproof flexible cloth coated with an electroconductive paint, a pair of flexible electrodes each attached to said flexible cloth at spaced positions from one another, and metallic yarn for fixing said electrodes to said flexible cloth.
  • a suit to be worn for keeping warm in water as set forth in claim 1, wherein said lead wires are located and sealed between said insulating waterproof sheets, said lead wires extending inwardly between the sheets from the edges thereof and waterproof sealers located between said sheets interiorly of the edges for preventing the passage of water along said lead lines inwardly from the edges of said sheets.
  • a suit to be worn for keeping warm in water as set forth in claim 2, wherein said lead wires are located and sealed between said insulating waterproof sheets, said lead wires extending inwardly between said sheets from the edges thereof and waterproof sealers located between said sheets interiorly of the edges for preventing 7 the passage of water along said lead lines inwardly from the edges of said sheets.
  • a suit to be worn for keeping warm in water as set forth in claim 1, wherein said lead wires extending inwardly from the edges of said insulating waterproof sheets have an arc-like configuration in the plane of said heating units.
  • a suit to be worn for keeping warm in water as set forth in claim 2, wherein said lead wires extending inwardly from the edges of said insulating waterproof sheets have an arc-like configuration in the plane of said heating units.
  • a suit to be worn for keeping warm in water including a power source separate from said parts, and a second lead wire connectable to said power source and electrically connected to said lead wires within said parts.
  • a suit to be worn for keeping warm in water including a power source separate from said parts, a second lead wire connectable to said power source and electrically connected to said lead wires within said parts.
  • a suit to be worn for keeping warm in water as set forth in claim 1, wherein a plurality of said heating units are located within each of said parts, and said lead wires electrically connect said heating units together in parallel.
  • a suit to be worn for keeping warm in water as set forth in claim 2, wherein a plurality of said heating units are located within each of said parts, and said lead wires electrically connect said heating units together in parallel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
US00256282A 1971-06-02 1972-05-24 Suit for keeping warmth in water Expired - Lifetime US3778590A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3837871A JPS5622758B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-06-02 1971-06-02
JP6348371U JPS518504Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-07-20 1971-07-20
JP566072A JPS5027942B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-12 1972-01-12

Publications (1)

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US3778590A true US3778590A (en) 1973-12-11

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ID=27276841

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US00256282A Expired - Lifetime US3778590A (en) 1971-06-02 1972-05-24 Suit for keeping warmth in water

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3778590A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AR (1) AR195868A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA979470A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES403367A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2141148A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1389473A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT961208B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO137538C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD279818S (en) 1982-06-10 1985-07-23 Douglas Randall C Heating pad
US6049062A (en) * 1999-02-16 2000-04-11 Jones; Lawrence Alfred Heated garment with temperature control
US6078025A (en) * 1999-06-03 2000-06-20 Yeung; Chiu Man Article of clothing
US6218644B1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-04-17 Macher & Zorn Oeg Multiple wire cord and multiple segment heating element for footwear/outerwear heater
US6329638B1 (en) 2000-09-11 2001-12-11 Vicky W. Bloodworth Heating vest system
US6910931B1 (en) * 2004-01-16 2005-06-28 Kimihiko Ezawa Life saving device provided with body temperature adjuster
US20050149153A1 (en) * 2004-01-07 2005-07-07 Kazuo Nakase Body temperature adjuster
US20200006888A1 (en) * 2017-02-22 2020-01-02 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Wiring harness
US12351977B2 (en) 2019-03-15 2025-07-08 Ember Technologies, Inc. Actively heated or cooled garments or footwear

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2558409C1 (ru) * 2014-03-26 2015-08-10 Межрегиональное общественное учреждение "Институт инженерной физики" Электрообогревательная водолазная одежда
RU2723505C1 (ru) * 2018-04-12 2020-06-11 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия им. Адмирала Флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" Костюм электрообогрева водолаза

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2339409A (en) * 1942-01-28 1944-01-18 Colvinex Corp Electrically heated shoulder pad
US2432159A (en) * 1945-04-30 1947-12-09 Edgar D Hyre Electrically heated shoulder pad
US2579383A (en) * 1949-07-08 1951-12-18 Felix K Goudsmit Electrically heated vest
US2666840A (en) * 1951-06-08 1954-01-19 John I Hill Heated vehicle cover
US2757273A (en) * 1952-12-12 1956-07-31 Goodyear Tire & Rubber De-icer
US2873352A (en) * 1957-06-17 1959-02-10 Vincraft Inc Waterproof plastic heating pad

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2339409A (en) * 1942-01-28 1944-01-18 Colvinex Corp Electrically heated shoulder pad
US2432159A (en) * 1945-04-30 1947-12-09 Edgar D Hyre Electrically heated shoulder pad
US2579383A (en) * 1949-07-08 1951-12-18 Felix K Goudsmit Electrically heated vest
US2666840A (en) * 1951-06-08 1954-01-19 John I Hill Heated vehicle cover
US2757273A (en) * 1952-12-12 1956-07-31 Goodyear Tire & Rubber De-icer
US2873352A (en) * 1957-06-17 1959-02-10 Vincraft Inc Waterproof plastic heating pad

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD279818S (en) 1982-06-10 1985-07-23 Douglas Randall C Heating pad
US6049062A (en) * 1999-02-16 2000-04-11 Jones; Lawrence Alfred Heated garment with temperature control
US6078025A (en) * 1999-06-03 2000-06-20 Yeung; Chiu Man Article of clothing
US6218644B1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-04-17 Macher & Zorn Oeg Multiple wire cord and multiple segment heating element for footwear/outerwear heater
US6329638B1 (en) 2000-09-11 2001-12-11 Vicky W. Bloodworth Heating vest system
US20050149153A1 (en) * 2004-01-07 2005-07-07 Kazuo Nakase Body temperature adjuster
US6910931B1 (en) * 2004-01-16 2005-06-28 Kimihiko Ezawa Life saving device provided with body temperature adjuster
US20050159055A1 (en) * 2004-01-16 2005-07-21 Kazuo Nakase Life saving device provided with body temperature adjuster
US20200006888A1 (en) * 2017-02-22 2020-01-02 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Wiring harness
US10840634B2 (en) * 2017-02-22 2020-11-17 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Wiring harness
US12351977B2 (en) 2019-03-15 2025-07-08 Ember Technologies, Inc. Actively heated or cooled garments or footwear

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2141148A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-19
AR195868A1 (es) 1973-11-15
DE2226797A1 (de) 1972-12-07
CA979470A (en) 1975-12-09
IT961208B (it) 1973-12-10
GB1389473A (en) 1975-04-03
DE2226797B2 (de) 1975-04-24
NO137538C (no) 1978-03-15
ES403367A1 (es) 1975-12-16
NO137538B (no) 1977-12-05

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