US3778178A - Apparatus for controlling blade positioning in a cutter head assembly - Google Patents

Apparatus for controlling blade positioning in a cutter head assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US3778178A
US3778178A US00276620A US3778178DA US3778178A US 3778178 A US3778178 A US 3778178A US 00276620 A US00276620 A US 00276620A US 3778178D A US3778178D A US 3778178DA US 3778178 A US3778178 A US 3778178A
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United States
Prior art keywords
blade
holding means
cutter head
holding
cutting
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00276620A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Hunkeler
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Gleason Works
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Gleason Works
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D5/00—Planing or slotting machines cutting otherwise than by relative movement of the tool and workpiece in a straight line
    • B23D5/02—Planing or slotting machines cutting otherwise than by relative movement of the tool and workpiece in a straight line involving rotary and straight-line movements only, e.g. for cutting helical grooves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/39—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with radially outer limit of cutting edge moving to define cylinder partially, but not entirely encircled by work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/50—Planing
    • Y10T409/502624—Means for cutting groove
    • Y10T409/502788—Arcuate groove
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/50—Planing
    • Y10T409/5041—Means for cutting arcuate surface
    • Y10T409/504264—Cycloidal surface

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Apparatus for controlling operative positioning of individual blades in a cutter head assembly of a type which may be used for cutting blind arcuate slots in a workpiece, such as the seal slots required for rotors of rotary, combustion engines.
  • a plurality of bladeholding structures, and their associated blades is positioned about a circumference of the cutter head.
  • Each blade-holding structure is mounted so as to be independently movable axially relative to the cutter head to thereby provide for successive and progressive engagement and disengagement of individual blades with the workpiece as the cutter head rotates during a cutting operation.
  • a portion of each blade-holding means is carried within a fluid chamber which communicates with a fluid pressure system so as to normally urge each blade-holding structure toward its cutting position.
  • a stop limit means is contained in the fluid chamber to limit the movement of each bladeholding means in a cutting direction.
  • Each stop limit means is arranged to create a dash pot effect with fluid contained in the chamber during final increments of movement of the blade-holding means to its ex tended limit position. This arrangement reduces shock and vibration in the cutter head assembly and minimizes noise during operation of the assembly. Also, the dash pot effect eliminates any tendency for the blade-holding structure to bounce as it moves very rapidly to its limit position for cutting a slot.
  • the present invention is concerned with specific improvements in means for controlling the positioning and operation of a plurality of movable blade means of the type discussed above. More specifically, the present invention provides for a fluid pressure control means which normally biases each cutting blade into a cutting position and which includes means for stopping movement of each blade in its cutting limit position in a way in which shock, vibration and noise are reduced in the machine.
  • each blade means of the plurality be moved into and out of its cutting position in accordance with a precise sequence of operation for the machine. This is especially important in the cutting of blind slots wherein working parameters are very confined and in which position and depth of cut must be very precisely controlled.
  • a fluid pressure means such as a hydrulic control circuit, is arranged to normally urge each blade means of a cutter head assembly in a cutting direction. This is accomplished by mounting each blade means in an associated blade-holding structure carried within the cutter head assembly for movement along an axis which brings the blade means into and out of cutting engagement with a workpiece during operation of the machine.
  • the fluid pressure means includes a fluid chamber associated with each blade-holding structure so that pressure of fluid within the chamber can be applied to a portion of the blade-holding structure which is received within, or in communication with, the chamber. The arrangement is such that fluid pressure normally urges the bladeholding structure in a cutting direction.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the machine of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is an elevational view in enlarged scale, and in section, of a portion of the cutter head assembly shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is an elevational view of a blade-holding means, drawn in the same scale as FIG. 5 and as would be seen on line 4--4 of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a top plan view, in section, of portions of the cutter head assembly of FIG. 5, as seen on line 6-6 thereof;
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 the improved apparatus of the present invention is illustrated in use with a machine designed to cut blind-ended, arcuate slots in flat face surfaces of a rotor for a rotary combustion engine.
  • the machine includes a frame 10 which carries a tool head 12 and a workhead 14, each mounted on appropriate sides 16 and 18, respectively, for relative adjustment thereon.
  • the tool head 12 carries a spindle housing 20 in which a spindle 22 is mounted for rotation about an axis 24.
  • Spindle 22 is rotated by a drive motor 26 in a manner known in the art.
  • Spindle 22 is also movable axially so as to provide a feed motion for a cutter head carried thereby.
  • the work head 14 carries a rotatable work support 28 which includes suitable means (not shown) for clamping and positioning the workpiece 30 relative to the spindle 22.
  • the workpiece 30 can be considered to be a typical delta-shaped rotor for a rotary combustion engine, although the principles of this invention can be applied to other work applications as well.
  • the cam 40 is designed so that spindle 22 is caused (a) to move gradually in an axial direction toward workpiece30 to provide the desired infeed of the cutter head, (b) to dwell at its full depth position to assure that the entire slot has been cut to full depth, and then (c) to move rapidly in the opposite axial direction to withdraw the cutter head and its plurality of blades out of engagement with the workpiece, following completion of the cutting cycle.
  • FIGS. 4-8 illustrate details of the cutter head and an individual blade-holding means associated with one of the blades 44.
  • each blade holding means comprises an elongated structure 48 which is mounted in the cutter head so as to be movable back and forth along its longitudinal axis.
  • Each blade-holding means 48 carries the blade element 44 at a terminal end portion which projects outwardly beyond a face of the cutter head, and thus, axial movement of the bladeholding means provides for a corresponding movement of the blade element toward and away from a workpiece.
  • Each blade-holding means 48 is independently controlled, in a manner to be described below, to provide for a controlled movement of each blade 44 into and out of correct positions for cutting a blindslot at whatever depth of cut is determined by the axial feed position of the spindle 22.
  • each bladeholding means 48 is urged toward an extended, cutting position by an application of fluid pressure to a portion of the blade-holding means contained within the cutter head, and retraction of each blade-holding means is effected with the use of separate cams 50 carried in space positions about a circumference within the stationary housing 46 so as to provide for a periodic retraction of each blade holding means 48 as its follower 52 engages and follows the cam.
  • Such a basic arrangement is known from said above-identified application and does not constitute the present invention.
  • each blade-holding means 48 is fitted within a passageway formed into the cutter head 32 so as to be movable along its longitudinal axis for limited extension and'retraction movements.
  • a lower terminal end of the blade-holding means 48 carries a blade 44, and an upper terminal end of the bladeholding means 48 is received within fluid chamber 54 formed in a portion of the cutter head assembly.
  • a lower body portion of the blade-holding means 48 is mounted between bearing elements 56 which are contained in bearing cages for contacting radially inward and outward flat surfaces 58 and 60, respectively, of the blade-holding means 48.
  • This arrangment provides for limited radial adjustment of each blade-holding means 48 against the positions of the bearings on its up posite surfaces 58 and 60 while also providing for a rolling engagement of the surfaces 58 and 60 with portions of the cutter head.
  • the bearing cage fitted against the surface 60 is preferably spring-loaded with Belleville washers 62 so as to normally urge the bladeholding means 48 radially inwardly to its set position in the cutter head.
  • a shim means 64 is inserted between the bearing cage for the surface 58 of the blade-holding means and the main body of the cutter head so as to provide for very precise adjustment of position of the blade-holding means by proper selection of the shim 64.
  • An upper body portion of the blade-holding means 48 is cut out so as to place the cam follower 52 more or less over the central longitudinal axis of the bladeholding means. This placement minimizes unwanted deflections which otherwise may be applied to the elongated body of the blade-holding means when the cam follower 52 makes contact with a cam 50.
  • the cam follower 52 comprises a roller element of known design mounted to the blade-holding means 48 with a pin 66.
  • each blade-holding means is received into the fluid chamber 54 so that a downward force can be applied to the blade-holding means, and its associated blade, with hydraulic fluid carried under a positive pressure in the fluid chamber 54.
  • the fluid chamber 54 preferably comprises a continuous annular chamber extending around the cutter head so as to intersect, or communicate with, each of the blade-holding means, or it may alternatively comprise a series of separate chambers in fluid communication with each other and with each blade-holding means.
  • the upper terminal end of the blade-holding means 52 is provided with an end cap 68 which is bolted to the terminal end of the blade-holding means with a bolt 70.
  • the upper surface areas of the end cap 68 and the exposed head of the bolt 70 are greater in total area than the surface area beneath the end cap 68, and therefore, the blade-holding means is normally urged downwardly to its most extended position as shown in FIG. 5. In this position, the end cap 68 contacts, and is limited in its further movement, by a stop limit means 72 in the form of a block element having a bore therethrough for allowing passage of the upper terminal end of the bladeholding means 48.
  • the stop limit means 72 determines the full extended position for each blade-holding means and its associated blade inasmuch as there is no loadbearing contact (or no contact at all, if desired) between the cam follower 52 and the cam 50 except during times when the blade-holding means is to be retracted against the pressure of the hydraulic fluid contained in the fluid chamber 54.
  • the stop limit means 72 also functions to seal the fluid chamber 54 at the point where the blade-holding means passes through the bottom of the chamber.
  • the stop limit means 72 is secured to a bottom surface of the annular chamber 54 by suitable means, such as bolts 74 (see. FIGS. 6 and 7) so as to establish a sealed relationship between the stop limit means 72 and the bottom of the fluid chamber.
  • a sealing ring 76 may be included in a ring groove formed in a bottom face of the stop limit means, however, the sealing ring is not an essential part of the assembly.
  • a bore having a circular cross section is provided through the stop limit means 72 to allow passage of the cylindrical upper end of the blade-holding means 48.
  • the end cap 68 of the blade-holding means tends to squeeze or trap a quantity of hydraulic fluid between its bottom surface and the upper surface of the stop limit means 72.
  • This action results in a dash pot effect which dampens the final increment of movement of the blade-holding means to its stop limit position, and the result of this effect is to reduce shock, vibration and noise in the operation of the cutter head.
  • the end cap is provided with only sufficient surface area to effectively stop the blade-holding means at a precise level without creating a large area of surface contact between the end cap and the stop limit means.
  • each bladeholding element 44 is secured between a flat surface 80 of the blade-holding means and a tool holder block 82 which is fitted around three sides of the lower terminal end of the blade-holding means.
  • a tool holder clamp 84 is fitted across the remaining side of the terminal end of the blade-holding means and includes outwardly extending flanges 86 for being re ceived in corresponding channels formed in the tool holder block 82;
  • a screw device 88 provides for final tightening of the blade-holding components to establish a firm seating of the blade 44 in. its desired position.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 also illustrate a conduit 90 which extends from a source of supply of compressed air (not shown) to the lower terminal end portion of 'the blade holding means so that compressed air can be supplied to the seating area of the blade-holding means when blades are changed in the cutter headQ
  • the lower end of the conduit 90 is blocked with a screw insert 91, and an intersecting conduit is provided above the blocked area so that air can exhaust at the points 92 and 93 (see FIG. 5) to provide a cleansing action of the blade seating area and surfaces of the tool holder block 82 and clamp 84 during removal and replacement of blades in the cutter head assembly.
  • each blade-holding means can be held within 0.0002 inches and the depth position of each blade can be held within 0.0005 inches with the structures discussed above.
  • the various components discussed above may be modified to provide further convenience in assembly and disassembly of component parts, and an example of such a modification would be to provide for spring detents between the tool holder block 82, its clamp 84, and the terminal end of the blade-holding means to which these parts are to be assembled.
  • Each blade element 44 may be of any re quired design for the type of cutting to be achieved.
  • each blade may be lapped or honed on one side only to provide relief on that side of the blade, and an effective relief may be provided on an opposite side of the blade by forming the surface 80 of the bladeholding means at a slight angle which orients the cutting face of each blade element to a required position.
  • FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a typical relationship between a plurality of blade-holding means 48 and the type of hydraulic control system which has been discussed above.
  • Each blade-holding means 48 is biased at all times towards its extended position by fluid pressure applied to an upper terminal end (illustrated as a piston) of the blade-holding means.
  • Fluid pressure is supplied to separate fluid chambers associated with the separate blade-holding means, as schematically illustrated, or may be supplied to a single continuous chamber intersecting upper terminal ends of all blade-holding means as shown in FIGS. and 7.
  • Hydraulic fluid is pumped from a reservoir 100 by a pump 102 and is delivered under pressure to the control circuit for the cutter head assembly.
  • a cam track 50 is provided about the entire cutter head assembly so that follower elements 52 of each blade-holding means 48 are in continuous contact with the cam track.
  • the cam surfaces 50 may comprise separate sections which function only to lift individual bladeholding means at appropriate times, as discussed above with reference to FIGS. 1-8.
  • each follower 52 arrives at inclined surfaces 108 and 114, its associated blade-holding means is suddenly extended to its limit cutting position, and correspondingly, when each follower 52 arrives at inclined surfaces 106 and 112, its associated blade-holding means is withdrawn to its non-cutting position.
  • the cam ramp units 104 and 110 are so designed that the difference between the extended and retracted positions of each blade-holding means is greater than the depth of the slots being cut.
  • the slopes of the inclined surfaces are designed to permit each blade element 44 to move axially a distance equivalent to the full depth of the slot in less than it takes a blade to cross an access hold 116 or 118 formed at each end of the workpiece where the slot is to be formed.
  • each successive blade pops into the access hole 116 to being its cutting engagement with the workpiece 30, and then withdraws at the instant it reaches access hold 118.
  • the slope of the inclined surface 108 of cam ramp 104 must necessarily be steeper than the slop of the inclined surface 112 of the cam ramp since the retracting blade can be raised as soon as its leading edge has entered access hole 118, using the full width of the access hole 118 during such retraction, while the extending blade cannot be moved to its full-depth cutting position until such time as its trailing edges have cleared the leading edge of access hole 116.
  • a special design of the arrangement shown in FIG. 9 provides for rapid response in the hydraulic control system associated with each of the blade-holding means 48.
  • the cam ramp 110 its inclined surfaces 112 and 114 are designed to be exactly the same length and are positioned relative to each other at a distance substantially equal to the spacing between each successive blade.
  • the upper terminal end of the blade-holding means 48b begins to increase the volume of liquid in its associated fluid chamber 54b. Accordingly, it is not necessary for the upper end of the blade holding 48c to push a long column of fluid through the hydraulic circuit and back to the pump 102. Instead, the fluid being moved out of the fluid chamber 54c can move immediately into the nearby chamber 54b, thereby greatly increasing the response time of the hydraulic system.
  • the cam ramp 104 operates on the same general principle as that described for the cam ramp 110 to provide for balancing of hydraulic fluid between adjacent fluid chambers and to increase response time.
  • the cam ramp 104 differs somewhat from the cam ramp 110 in that its inclined surface 108 is steeper and shorter than its surface 106.
  • the steepness of the inclined surface 108 is, as noted above, dictated by the size of the access hole 116 and by the width and expected maximum angular velocity of each cutter blade 44.
  • the inclined ramp 106 can be less steep, and this is particularly desirable in order to save wear on the cam followers 52.
  • the slightly greater inclined surface 106 as compared to the inclined surface 108, provides an added advantage of creating a slight surge of hydraulic pressure applied to the upper end of the blade-holding means 48c at the time it reaches its fully extended position, and this overcomes any tendency for the blade-holding means to bounce whenit gaches its extended limit position.
  • Apparatus for use with a machine which includes a cutter head means for carrying a plurality of blade means in spaced positions about a circumference of the cutter head means so that individual blade means can be brought into successive and progressive engagement with a workpiece to form a blind slot in the workpiece, said apparatus being characterized by a separate blade-holding means for holding each blade means of said plurality of blade means, and each blade-holding means being mounted in said cutter head so as to be independently movable relative to said workpiece along an axis which moves an associated blade means into and out of cutting engagement with the workpiece during operation of the machine,
  • fluid pressure means for urging each blade-holding means in a cutting direction so as to movean associated blade means into cutting engagement with said workpiece in accordance with a sequence of operation for the machine, said fluid pressure means including means defining a fluid chamber which communicates with a portion of a bladeholding means to apply a pressure on said portion to thereby urge the blade-holding means in said cutting direction, and
  • stop limit means contained in said fluid chamber for stopping movement of each of said blade holding means at a limit position in said cutting direction, said stop limit means and said portion of each blade-holding means being arranged to create a dash pot effect with fluid contained in said chamber during final increments of movement of the blade-holding means to said limit position.
  • said portion of said blade-holding means comprises a terminal end portion of the blade-holding means, said terminal end portion being received into said fluid chamber for limited movement along its axis within the fluid chamber, and said fluid chamber being formed within assemblies associated with said cutter head.
  • stop limit means includes a bore therethrough for passage of said terminal end portion.
  • cam means carried by said machine for engaging each of said blade-holding means to move an associated blade means out of engagement with a workpiece in accordance with said sequence of operation for the machine.
  • cam follower means carried by each of said bladeholding means for engaging said cam means, said cam follower means being positioned near a central longitudinal axis of the blade-holding means to minimize deflection of the blade-holding means during engagement of the cam follower means with said cam means.
  • each of said blade-holding means comprises an elongated member having means for carrying a blade means at one end thereof, and including bearing means for mounting said elongated member in said cutter head for movement along its central longitudinal axis into and out of cutting engagement with a workpiece during operation of the machine.
  • Apparatus according to claim 9 and including means for radially adjusting the positions of said bladeholding means relative to said cutter head.
  • said fluid chamber comprises a single annular chamber formed in said cutter head means so as to communicate with all of the blade-holding means mounted in the cutter head.
  • Apparatus according to claim 11 wherein said fluid chamber is connected to a source of hydraulic fluid for filling the chamber and for maintaining a positive pressure against all of said blade-holding means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Milling, Broaching, Filing, Reaming, And Others (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
US00276620A 1972-07-31 1972-07-31 Apparatus for controlling blade positioning in a cutter head assembly Expired - Lifetime US3778178A (en)

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US27662072A 1972-07-31 1972-07-31

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US (1) US3778178A (it)
JP (1) JPS5726885B2 (it)
AU (1) AU5704473A (it)
BR (1) BR7305633D0 (it)
CA (1) CA984592A (it)
DE (1) DE2338276C2 (it)
FR (1) FR2194533B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1373570A (it)
IT (1) IT988844B (it)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3851992A (en) * 1972-06-13 1974-12-03 Toyoda Machine Works Ltd Grooving machine tool
CN110385451A (zh) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-29 浙江绍兴苏泊尔生活电器有限公司 刀组结构及内锅的加工方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3143923A (en) * 1963-05-17 1964-08-11 Krzyszczuk Edward Turbine blade cutting tool attachment
DE1269455B (de) * 1963-05-15 1968-05-30 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Einrichtung zum Ausdrehen der seitlichen Dichtungsnuten der Kolben von Rotationskolbenmaschinen

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT968813B (it) * 1971-11-01 1974-03-20 Gleason Works Processo ed apparecchio per taglia re scanalature cieche

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1269455B (de) * 1963-05-15 1968-05-30 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Einrichtung zum Ausdrehen der seitlichen Dichtungsnuten der Kolben von Rotationskolbenmaschinen
US3143923A (en) * 1963-05-17 1964-08-11 Krzyszczuk Edward Turbine blade cutting tool attachment

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3851992A (en) * 1972-06-13 1974-12-03 Toyoda Machine Works Ltd Grooving machine tool
CN110385451A (zh) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-29 浙江绍兴苏泊尔生活电器有限公司 刀组结构及内锅的加工方法
CN110385451B (zh) * 2018-04-19 2023-07-14 浙江绍兴苏泊尔生活电器有限公司 刀组结构及内锅的加工方法

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BR7305633D0 (pt) 1975-08-12
CA984592A (en) 1976-03-02
DE2338276A1 (de) 1974-02-21
IT988844B (it) 1975-04-30
AU465371B2 (it) 1975-09-25
DE2338276C2 (de) 1982-08-19
FR2194533B1 (it) 1977-05-13
GB1373570A (en) 1974-11-13
JPS4952382A (it) 1974-05-21
AU5704473A (en) 1974-12-19
FR2194533A1 (it) 1974-03-01
JPS5726885B2 (it) 1982-06-07

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