US3778043A - Apparatus for the cooling of bodies under protective gas - Google Patents

Apparatus for the cooling of bodies under protective gas Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3778043A
US3778043A US00276152A US3778043DA US3778043A US 3778043 A US3778043 A US 3778043A US 00276152 A US00276152 A US 00276152A US 3778043D A US3778043D A US 3778043DA US 3778043 A US3778043 A US 3778043A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
cooling
protective gas
heat exchangers
radiant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00276152A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
T Busch
R Dienst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ludwig-Ofag-Indugas Ind GmbH
Original Assignee
Ludwig-Ofag-Indugas Ind GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19712138363 external-priority patent/DE2138363C/de
Application filed by Ludwig-Ofag-Indugas Ind GmbH filed Critical Ludwig-Ofag-Indugas Ind GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3778043A publication Critical patent/US3778043A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/84—Controlled slow cooling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for the cooling of singular bodies, generally metallurgical workpieces or metal objects, under a protective gas, especially for the isothermal annealing of forgings. More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus for the controlled cooling of metal bodies.
  • a metal body In the isothermal annealing of metal bodies and for other metallurgical purposes, a metal body must be controlledly cooled generally under a protective gas or atmosphere, to accomplish a desired transformation of the crystal structure or prevent undesired internal transformations.
  • a series of metal bodies may be passed in spaced relationship or in contiguous relationship through a chamber at a rate which is regulated in accordance with the gas-flow rate or temperature to bring about cooling.
  • These systems have significant disadvantages because the cooling pattern and rate varies from place to place in the chamber, is irregular and is difficult to control.
  • the singular body is introduced into the cooling chamber, is contacted with the cooled protective gas therein and is advanced outward the chamber subsequent to cooling.
  • the term singular body is used herein to refer to the article or articles displaced in common into the cooling chamber removed in common therefrom and treated without the chamber with the cooling gas in common.
  • the body may thus be a single object (e.g., a casting or large forging), a stack of objects such as a pile of metal plates, a single object coiled in a number of turns (e.g., a coil of a wire) or a number of objects bundled together or carried upon a pallette.
  • the present system will be described as being used for the isothermal annealing of forgings so that the singular body may be a single forging or a group of forgings carried by a pallette.
  • the system thus differs from those which are used in the continuous processing of material traversed by continuously fed wire, metal profiles or the like.
  • the protective gas is generally circulated through the cooling chamber and passes through the cooling chamber and passes through heat exchangers disposed in compartments flanking the cooling chamber.
  • the walls defining the cooling chamber may have different temperatures under varying conditions and influence the cooling of the treated body. Since it is important to control the rate of cooling in order to regulate the internal or structural transformations of metallurgical bodies, conventional system of the type described have proved to be unsatisfactory.
  • TTT-diagram timetemperature-transformation curve
  • the irregular cooling by radiation or gas contact at the walls of the chamber, the variation of the temperature because of changes in the geometry of the body treated, or the general effect of the walls of the cooling process LII have precluded observance of a particular TTT- diagram or attainment of a predetermined point thereon.
  • an operator was provided to terminate cooling when the appropriate point on the TTT- diagram was reached, without success; although complex programming was provided for the cooling process, also without significant success.
  • an apparatus for the cooling of singular bodies under a protective gas which comprises a housing forming a cooling chamber having an inlet end and an outlet end, means for displacing the singular body into the chamber through the inlet end and out of the chamber through the outlet end, means for circulating a protective gas through the chamber and opening into the chamber from below, a pair of cooling registers forming the walls of the chamber and traversed by cooling fluid in a direction transverse to the direction of flow of the protective gas and forming tube bundles adapted to cool the singular body by radiation, and cooling registers in the protective gas passage for cooling the latter.
  • the control means for the apparatus comprises a device responsive to the mean radiated energy from the singular body for operating the transport means when the measured value reaches a predetermined threshold value of the radiated energy.
  • the threshold value is, of course, established for the particular singular body or type of body provided, the value being changed for each type of body but being independent of the geometry or the arrangement of the objects constituting the body.
  • the walls defining the cooling chamber constitute tube-bundle radiation coolers and are disposed adjacent the cooling registers of the heat-exchanger compartments, advantageously at a level equal to that of the radiation cooler.
  • the system provides numerous advantages, the most significant being a greater uniformity of cooling within the chamber and the ability to establish a well-defined temperature at the TTT-diagram in spite of differences in the geometry of the goods treated.
  • the gases do not alter in temperature at the walls as has been the case heretofore and a surprisingly exact cooling to a predetermined final temperature and with a predetermined cooling pattern can be achieved.
  • the radiation coolers can be designed to maintain a constant temperature and in combination with the control over the temperature of the protective gas enables operation of the device with constant parameters.
  • the goods to be treated are disposed within the chamber and are closely flanked by the radiation-cooler walls and arranged so that the protective gas flows substantially into contact with all parts of the body. Any detrimental effect upon the gas temperature or at the external portions of the body to be treated are compensated by the radiation cooler and it is preferred that the tube-bundle cooling registers and the radiation coolers be individually controllable.
  • the cooling registers and radiation coolers can be a single heat exchanger with one fluiddisplacement fan or with individual fluid-displacement fans.
  • the temperature-responsive sensing device detecting the average or mean radiated energy, is preferably arranged above the goods at approximately the geometric center of the chamber.
  • the machining device can include one or more radiation parameters with large sensing apertures or optical angles which are trained upon the goods in the cooling chamber.
  • the pyrometer or pyrometers can be located at the side or can be inclined from the top downwardly or from the bottom upwardly.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view, partly in diagrammatic form, of an apparatus embodying the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a view taken generally along the line II-II of FIG. 1.
  • a housing 20 which may be provided at its forward side with an inlet arrangement 21 and an outlet arrangement 22 through which a set of rails 23 extend to constitute part of a transport device for pallets 24 carrying a forging 1 constituting a singular workpiece.
  • a ram arrangement 25 may be used to advance the workpiece into the cooling chamber 2 from an inlet gate and to shift the workpiece into the outlet gate arrangement 22, each gate consisting of a pair of sliding doors 26 and 27 operated by suitable fluid-responsive means as represented, for example, at 28.
  • Aprons 29 rising to a pair of longitudinal beams 30 and 31 define inlet slots 32 and 33 for the rising protective gas.
  • the protective gas-circulating device comprises the gas passages 4 which open beneath the workpiece in the cooling chamber 2 and extend downwardly along the sides of the cooling chamber, as well as a circulating fan which is disposed above the cooling chamber 2.
  • the cooling circulation means 4, 5 includes cooling devices 6 for the protective gas.
  • the cooling devices which may be tube-bundle heat exchangers, may have a fan 35 connected to the tubes to induce a transverse flow ofair through the tubes (in a horizontal direction), transverse to the vertical direction of movement of the protective gas.
  • Each cooling register 6 is provided with a bundle of tubes 7 traversed by the cooling air in a direction 40 transverse to the direction (8) of flow of the protective gas through the registers.
  • Cooling chamber 2 and the protective gas passage 4 are separated from one another by radiation coolers 9 consisting of tube-bundles and constituting the walls flanking the workpiece.
  • the transverse cooling-air flows through the tubes of the radiation cooler which may be provided with a separate fan represented diagrammatically at 45.
  • a radiant heat responsive pyrometer is disposed directly above this singular body I and has a window or sensitivity angle 12 encompassing the entire mass of goods upon the pallet.
  • the sensed measurement is thus the mean radiated energy which is compared with an adjustable threshold at 13 and triggers at 14 the transport means 25, etc., when the workpiece is brought to a predetermined point on the temperature curve of the TTT-diagram.
  • Block 13 thus represents a comarator while block 14 represents the switching circuit for the transport device 13.
  • the coolers 6 are disposed in the passages 4 substantially at the level of the radiant coolers 9, 10, i.e., have a bottom which lies in the same plane as the bottom of the radiant cooler.
  • the gas coolers 6 have a height which is approximately equal to the height of the radiant coolers.
  • An apparatus for the cooling of singular bodies comprising a housing forming a cooling chamber; transport means for advancing a singular body to be cooled into said chamber and out of said chamber; a pair of radiation coolers forming walls of said chamber and flanking a singular body within said chamber; circulating means for passing the protective gas upwardly through said chamber along one side of the radiant coolers and downwardly along the opposite side of said radiant coolers in respective flow passages; respective tube-bundle heat exchangers for cooling said protective gas; and radiant-energy detecting means in said chamber trained on the singular body therein and responsive to the mean energy radiated therefrom for actuating said transport means upon said mean radiant energy attaining a predetermined threshold value.
  • said detecting means includes at least one radiation parameter having a detecting angle encompassing all of said body, trained upon said body in said chamber.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
US00276152A 1971-07-31 1972-07-28 Apparatus for the cooling of bodies under protective gas Expired - Lifetime US3778043A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712138363 DE2138363C (de) 1971-07-31 Anlage zum Abkühlen von singulärem Wärmegut unter Schutzgas

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3778043A true US3778043A (en) 1973-12-11

Family

ID=5815394

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00276152A Expired - Lifetime US3778043A (en) 1971-07-31 1972-07-28 Apparatus for the cooling of bodies under protective gas

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3778043A (enExample)
AT (1) AT326712B (enExample)
GB (1) GB1375474A (enExample)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4246957A (en) * 1978-12-07 1981-01-27 Autoclave Engineers, Inc. Autoclave furnace with cooling system
US4596526A (en) * 1985-03-04 1986-06-24 Worthington Industries, Inc. Batch coil annealing furnace and method
US4643401A (en) * 1985-08-28 1987-02-17 Mg Industries Apparatus for cooling a vacuum furnace
DE19914238A1 (de) * 1999-03-29 2000-10-05 Linde Tech Gase Gmbh Wärmebehandlungsanlage
CN114923304A (zh) * 2022-06-17 2022-08-19 中南大学 一种非接触式辐射冷却高温石墨的系统及方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD284903A5 (de) * 1989-06-13 1990-11-28 Veb Bandstahlkombinat "Hermann Matern",Dd Verfahren zur erhoehung der anlagenkapazitaet von haubengluehoefen beim gluehen von festbunden

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4246957A (en) * 1978-12-07 1981-01-27 Autoclave Engineers, Inc. Autoclave furnace with cooling system
US4596526A (en) * 1985-03-04 1986-06-24 Worthington Industries, Inc. Batch coil annealing furnace and method
US4643401A (en) * 1985-08-28 1987-02-17 Mg Industries Apparatus for cooling a vacuum furnace
DE19914238A1 (de) * 1999-03-29 2000-10-05 Linde Tech Gase Gmbh Wärmebehandlungsanlage
CN114923304A (zh) * 2022-06-17 2022-08-19 中南大学 一种非接触式辐射冷却高温石墨的系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1375474A (enExample) 1974-11-27
AT326712B (de) 1975-12-29
DE2138363B1 (de) 1973-01-18
DE2138363A1 (enExample) 1973-01-18
ATA648472A (de) 1975-03-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4140266A (en) Apparatus for the soldering together of plates of a plate heat exchanger
JPH0610037A (ja) 金属工作物を急冷する方法及び装置
US3778043A (en) Apparatus for the cooling of bodies under protective gas
US7377774B2 (en) Change-over apparatus for cooling gas passages in vacuum heat treating furnace
CH647260A5 (de) Verfahren zur waermebehandlung von drahtringen und ofen zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens.
CA2287048C (en) Sealing apparatus in continuous heat-treatment furnace and sealing method
ATE31553T1 (de) Ofenanlage zur kuehlung einer charge, insbesondere aus metallischen werkstuecken.
JPS5942733B2 (ja) 鋼帯連続焼鈍設備
US4398700A (en) Annealing furnace with an improved cooling section
US3957111A (en) Apparatus for cooling solids of high temperature
US5121903A (en) Quenching arrangement for a furnace
US2534973A (en) Cooling apparatus
US3550922A (en) Fluidized bed for controlled heat treatment
US4404043A (en) Method of and an apparatus for continuous heat treatment of separated elongated metallic material
US4518352A (en) Industrial oven with air recirculation for heat treating processes
CN114107645B (zh) 合金棒材多功能等温正火炉及其工作方法
US3447790A (en) Aluminum annealing furnace
US2218354A (en) Method and apparatus for annealing strip
US3620515A (en) Apparatus for controlling flow to and from a blower
JP2009084633A (ja) プラズマ窒化処理装置及び連続式プラズマ窒化処理方法
US3391915A (en) Fluidized bed heat treatment apparatus
US3565409A (en) Heat-treating apparatus
US2926902A (en) Heat-treating furnace
KR880000469B1 (ko) 수직형 연속 소둔로 및 그 조업방법
SU1211571A1 (ru) Проходна конвективна нагревательна печь с поперечной циркул цией теплоносител