US3771611A - Earth boring apparatus - Google Patents

Earth boring apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3771611A
US3771611A US00192282A US3771611DA US3771611A US 3771611 A US3771611 A US 3771611A US 00192282 A US00192282 A US 00192282A US 3771611D A US3771611D A US 3771611DA US 3771611 A US3771611 A US 3771611A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cutter
earth boring
casing
boring apparatus
center shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00192282A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
K Omura
N Ikeda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tone Boring Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tone Boring Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tone Boring Co Ltd filed Critical Tone Boring Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3771611A publication Critical patent/US3771611A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/006—Mechanical motion converting means, e.g. reduction gearings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/003—Drill bits with cutting edges facing in opposite axial directions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/02—Core bits
    • E21B10/04—Core bits with core destroying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/18—Roller bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/22—Roller bits characterised by bearing, lubrication or sealing details
    • E21B10/24—Roller bits characterised by bearing, lubrication or sealing details characterised by lubricating details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/16—Plural down-hole drives, e.g. for combined percussion and rotary drilling; Drives for multi-bit drilling units

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An earth boring apparatus in which cutters are secured to planetary gears meshing with a sun gear securedto a power driven center shaft, the planetary gears being rotatably carried by a planetary carrier rotatable about the axis of the center shaft, whereby each cutter is rotatable about its own axis and also can revolve about the axis of the center shaft.
  • the present invention relates to an earth boring apparatus being driven by a drilling pipe, and more particularly-to such an apparatus which can effectively penetrate, among others, earth formations containing gravel and boulders.
  • an earth boring apparatus comprising a center shaft adapted to be connected with a power driven drilling pipe, a sun gear secured to the center shaft, at least one planetary gear directly meshing with said sun gear and carrying acutter, and a planetary carrier rotatable with respect to said center shaft and rotatably supporting said planetary gear.
  • the planetary carrier When it is intended to' use the apparatus with boring water such as bentonite mud water, the planetary carrier may be provided with water discharge nozzle means for discharging water under pressure against each cutter, preferably the leadingv side thereof as viewed in the direction of rotation of the planetary carrier.
  • water discharge nozzle means for discharging water under pressure against each cutter, preferably the leadingv side thereof as viewed in the direction of rotation of the planetary carrier.
  • the cutters may be mounted in such a manner that their axes are inclined in the direction of rotation of the planetary carrier. With this arrangement, the cutting edges on each cutter are placed awayfrom the bottom of the bore at the trailing side as viewed in the direction of the planetary carrier rotation. Thus, the sharpness of the cutting edges can be maintained for a prolonged period.
  • a lubricant filled sealed casing constituting the planetary carrier may be provided with a liquid pressure balancing device for balancing the pressure of the lubricant in the casing and the water pressure in the bored hole so as to ensure a positive seal even in a deep hole.
  • the apparatus of thepresent invention may be added at the upper portion thereof with a reaming device for facilitating lifting of the apparatus in a hole drilled in crumbly formations.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of the earth boring apparatus in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view taken along the line ll-lI in FIG. 1, showing the arrangement of cutters;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammaticalside elevational view, with apart shown in section, of another embodiment of the present invention in which cutters are mounted on inclined axes;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatical sectional view of a diaphragm type liquid pressure balancing device
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatical sectional view of a piston type liquid pressure balancing device
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a reaming device.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 7 showing another embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the earth boring apparatus in accordance with the present invention, the apparatus being shown in operation in longitudinal section.
  • the earth boring apparatus is generally shown by the reference numeral 1 and comprises a center shaft 10 connected to a power driven drilling pipe 2.
  • the apparatus 1 is supplied with a driving torque and a thrust force through the drilling pipe.2.
  • the center shaft 10 has a sun gear 11 secured thereto and directly meshing with planetary gears 12.
  • three planetary gears 12 are mounted at circumferentially spaced equi-distant posiline IV-IV 'tions (refer also to FIG. 2).
  • a cutter 14 is fixed at the end of the shaft 13 for each planetary gear 12.
  • the shaft 13 for the planetary gear 12 is journalled on a planetary carrier or rotatable casing 15 which is rotatable about and with respect to the center shaft 10.
  • the torque for causing the revolution is the sum of the torque loadon the cutter 14 and that onthe drilling pipe 2, so that an excessive torque will cause the cutters 14 to revolve about the axis of the apparatus.
  • the revolution is produced in accordance with the load in the illustrated arrangement, an excessive shock load can be avoided and a smooth boring can be performed.
  • each cutting edge on each cutter 14 is moved along a hypotrochidal path as shown by a chain line T in FIG. 2. It should of course be pointed out that the cutting edge does not always move along a geometrically exact hypotrochoidal path as shown by the line T, because, as previously referred to, the ratio of speed of rotation to that of revolution changes in response to the resistance given by the earth being bored.
  • the trace of each cutting edge is considered to conform to an exact hypotrochoidal curve.
  • a cutting edge mounted on the outer-most periphery of the cutter I moves along a hypocycloidal curve.
  • the present inventor has found that the performance of the boring apparatus can be substantially improved by providing an arrangement in which each cutting edge on a cutter 14 is moved along a substantially trochoidal curve.
  • each of the cutting edges on a drill bit is always moved along a circular path while simultaneously being fed downwardly.
  • each of the cutting edges on the cutter 14 is never moved repeatedly along the same path.
  • each cut--- ting edge is moved with a radial speed component, so that an area on the bottom of the bored hole' which is in one moment cut .by an edge moving with a radially outward speed component may in another moment be cut by another cutting edge moving with a radially inward speed component.
  • the arrangement of the present invention is understood to provide significant advantages partly due to the fact that a rough surface is produced on the bottom of the bored hole resulting in a slime of greater size.
  • the cutting edge at the leading side has a radially outwardly directed speed component, so that the pieces of gravelor boulders located in front of the rotating cutter are displaced toward the hole wall H so as to be forced into the soft earth.
  • This is considered to be a unique effect obtained bythe present invention.
  • a revolving casing or planetary carrier is positively driven at a predetermined speed which is independent from the load thereon, it would not be possible to force the pieces of stone instantaneously into the bore wall, so that an excessive driving torque would possibly be encountered and the boring operation would often be blocked.
  • the planetary carrier continues to be revolved, it is not positively driven so that there can be provided a sufficient time to force the gravel or boulders into the bore wall H.
  • slimes other than gravel or boulders can also be forced toward the bore wall, so that the wall can be reinforced sufficiently to prevent breaking thereof. Further, since the slime content in circulation water is possibly reduced, the slimes can be readily taken out and the efficiency of operation of the apparatus can be improved.
  • a trailing side Referring to a trailing side, it has a speed component directed radially inwardly and moves apart from the gravel or boulders behind the cutter, so that it does not serve to collect the gravel or boulders at the center of the bore. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to rapidly remove fine floating slimes by means of a reverse circulation through a suction port provided at the center of the apparatus. Thus, the efficiency of operation can further be raised.
  • boring water may be injected toward the cutter, preferably the front surface of each scribed taking reference to the drawingspln this case, the center shaft 10 is used as a water supply pipe and a water discharge nozzle 16 is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the revolving casing or planetary carrier 15.
  • the nozzle 16 is located on a line which is an extension of the hollow central shaft 10. The angle of water discharge is so adjusted that the water injected from the nozzle 16 is directed toward the cutting edges at the leading side of the cutter.
  • the relative position between the nozzle 16 and the cutter 14 does not change and the water discharged from the nozzle 16 is always directed toward the front surface of each cutter.
  • the water discharged from the nozzle 16 is effective to clean the cutting edges at the leading side of each cutter, which performs most of effective work accomplished by the cutter.
  • each cutter may be mounted on a forwardly inclined axis so as to improve the cutting performance.
  • An example of such-an arrangement will now be described taking reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • a cutter 14 having cutting edges on the outer periphery is supported on a shaft 13 which is inclined by an angle 6 from a vertical line forwardly as viewed in the direction of revolution.
  • the cutting edges at the leading side of the cutter 14 are always in engagement with the bottom surface of the hole H to perform work while those at the trailing side are placed apart from the bottom.
  • the cutting edges on the cutter 14 intermittently come into engagement with the hole bottom.
  • screw gear means for transmitting a rotation between a pair of skewed shafts.
  • the screw gear means operate in theory with a point engagement between two gears, so that it is not suitable to transmit power although it may be useful as a motion transmitting mechanism.
  • the screw gear means is not preferable to this apparatus.
  • FIGS. '3 and 4 show an embodiment which can eliminate the above problems.
  • a gear 12 meshing with a gear 11 has therein internal gear teeth 121 which mesh with a spline 122.
  • the gear teeth 121 mesh with the spline 122 with a gap as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the gap allows arrangement of the longitudinal axis of the support shaft 13 with a slight inclination as indicated by the angle with respect to a vertical line or the longitudinal axis of the gear 12.
  • the angle of inclination 6 may be less than and usually 2 to 3.
  • a liquid pressure balancing means may be provided at a suitable position in the casing 15.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show examples of the'liquid pressure balancing means 17' mounted in the casing 15 which is filled with a lubricant oil.
  • the balancing means 17 shown in FIG. 5 comprises a diaphragm 171 which can deflect in response to the difference between the oil pressure in the casing 15 and the water pressure in the hole so as to reduce the difference to a minimum.
  • FIG. 6 shows a balancing means 17 comprising a piston 172 and a cylinder 173 receiving the piston 172.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is advantageous in that each of the cutting edges on cutters is moved along a trochoidal path so that the wall surface of the bored hole H can be reinforced.
  • the apparatus may preferably be provided with a reaming device to assist lifting of the apparatus.
  • the reaming device 18 shown in FIG. 7 includes reaming bits 181 secured to the center shaft 10.
  • the reaming bits 181 may be secured directly to the drilling pipe 2.
  • the bits 181 are mounted on the periphery of a rim 183 supported on rib portions 182 extending radially outwardly from a flange on the center shaft 10.
  • FIG. 8 shows a reaming device 19 which can move with the planetary carrier or revolvable casing 15 during the boring operation but can be positively driven in lifting the apparatus.
  • reaming bits 191 are mounted on upper'peripheral edges of the easing 15.
  • a coupling member 192 is secured to the lower end of the drilling pipe 2.
  • the center shaft 10 is provided at the upper portion with male spline teeth 101 which mesh with female spline teeth 193 of the coupling member 192;
  • the pipe 2 and the center shaft 10 are connected'through a coupling member 192 and a spline means.
  • the coupling member and spline means can rotate together but are axially slidable with each other.
  • a second coupling member 194 is secured to the upper surface of the casing 15.
  • the coupling members 192 and 194 have co-operating clutch elements 195 and 196 respectively.
  • FIG. 8 the apparatus is shown in a boring operation.
  • the clutch elements and 196 are disengaged, so that the driving force from the drilling pipe 2 is not transmitted to the casing 15.
  • the clutch elements 195 and 196 on the coupling members 192 and 194 respectively are put into engagement. Therefore, it is possible to drive the reaming bits 191 on the casing 15 by rotating the pipe 2, so as to remove any obstructions by the reaming bits 191 in order to allow the withdrawal of the apparatus from the bored hole.
  • each cutting edge of each cutter is moved along a trochoidal path, can be very effectively used in boring earth, particularly such earth formations containing gravel or boulders.
  • An earth boring apparatus comprising:
  • An earth boring apparatus in accordance with claim 1, which further comprises water discharging nozzle means mounted on said revolving casing for discharging water under pressure toward each cutter.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
US00192282A 1971-05-13 1971-10-26 Earth boring apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3771611A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP46032014A JPS5025243B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-05-13 1971-05-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3771611A true US3771611A (en) 1973-11-13

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ID=12346992

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00192282A Expired - Lifetime US3771611A (en) 1971-05-13 1971-10-26 Earth boring apparatus

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3771611A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5025243B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2162023C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2139797B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1342944A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT945443B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4143919A (en) * 1976-10-09 1979-03-13 Atlow Mining Development Consultants Limited Mining machinery with guideway for relatively movable cutting units
DE3445492A1 (de) * 1984-02-25 1985-08-29 Turmag Turbo-Maschinen-AG Nüsse & Gräfer, 4322 Sprockhövel Bohrkopf mit planetengetriebe und einfachem bohrgestaenge
US4796713A (en) * 1986-04-15 1989-01-10 Bechem Ulrich W Activated earth drill
US4924951A (en) * 1989-01-13 1990-05-15 Paulson Roger W Manhole cutter
US5381868A (en) * 1993-10-08 1995-01-17 Triumph*Lor Inc Sealed bearing roller reamer
WO2016040664A1 (en) * 2014-09-10 2016-03-17 Tempress Technologies, Inc. Hypocycloid jet rotor and floating thrust bearing
US9482066B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2016-11-01 Nov Downhole Eurasia Limited Downhole tool activation
EP2411621A4 (en) * 2009-03-26 2017-01-11 Longyear Tm, Inc. Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10321617A1 (de) * 2003-05-13 2004-12-16 Wirth Maschinen- und Bohrgeräte-Fabrik GmbH Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Erdlochs

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1391626A (en) * 1920-04-27 1921-09-20 Richard J Bequette Drill-head for well-driling apparatus
DE881484C (de) * 1944-03-28 1953-06-29 Salzgitter Maschinen Ag Bohrturbine
GB712913A (en) * 1951-08-27 1954-08-04 Alexander Vellan Improvements in and relating to earth boring apparatus
US2821364A (en) * 1954-07-01 1958-01-28 Godfrey Grant Two-way bit
US3072205A (en) * 1960-02-26 1963-01-08 Salem Tool Co Auger reaming head
US3195661A (en) * 1959-10-15 1965-07-20 Gas Drilling Services Co Large bore hole drilling apparatus
US3232362A (en) * 1963-11-12 1966-02-01 Cullen Well drilling apparatus
US3285351A (en) * 1962-08-06 1966-11-15 Michael R Caro Drilling apparatus
US3322466A (en) * 1963-12-30 1967-05-30 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Mining machine with concentric relatively variably rotated heads
US3431989A (en) * 1967-07-31 1969-03-11 Willis D Waterman Planetary excavator

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1391626A (en) * 1920-04-27 1921-09-20 Richard J Bequette Drill-head for well-driling apparatus
DE881484C (de) * 1944-03-28 1953-06-29 Salzgitter Maschinen Ag Bohrturbine
GB712913A (en) * 1951-08-27 1954-08-04 Alexander Vellan Improvements in and relating to earth boring apparatus
US2821364A (en) * 1954-07-01 1958-01-28 Godfrey Grant Two-way bit
US3195661A (en) * 1959-10-15 1965-07-20 Gas Drilling Services Co Large bore hole drilling apparatus
US3072205A (en) * 1960-02-26 1963-01-08 Salem Tool Co Auger reaming head
US3285351A (en) * 1962-08-06 1966-11-15 Michael R Caro Drilling apparatus
US3232362A (en) * 1963-11-12 1966-02-01 Cullen Well drilling apparatus
US3322466A (en) * 1963-12-30 1967-05-30 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Mining machine with concentric relatively variably rotated heads
US3431989A (en) * 1967-07-31 1969-03-11 Willis D Waterman Planetary excavator

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4143919A (en) * 1976-10-09 1979-03-13 Atlow Mining Development Consultants Limited Mining machinery with guideway for relatively movable cutting units
DE3445492A1 (de) * 1984-02-25 1985-08-29 Turmag Turbo-Maschinen-AG Nüsse & Gräfer, 4322 Sprockhövel Bohrkopf mit planetengetriebe und einfachem bohrgestaenge
US4627501A (en) * 1984-02-25 1986-12-09 Turmag-Turbo-Maschinen-Aktiengesellschaft Nuesse & Graefer Borer head with planetary gearing
US4796713A (en) * 1986-04-15 1989-01-10 Bechem Ulrich W Activated earth drill
US4924951A (en) * 1989-01-13 1990-05-15 Paulson Roger W Manhole cutter
US5381868A (en) * 1993-10-08 1995-01-17 Triumph*Lor Inc Sealed bearing roller reamer
EP2411621A4 (en) * 2009-03-26 2017-01-11 Longyear Tm, Inc. Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods
US9482066B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2016-11-01 Nov Downhole Eurasia Limited Downhole tool activation
WO2016040664A1 (en) * 2014-09-10 2016-03-17 Tempress Technologies, Inc. Hypocycloid jet rotor and floating thrust bearing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2162023B2 (de) 1973-09-06
JPS5025243B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-08-22
FR2139797B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-04-05
IT945443B (it) 1973-05-10
DE2162023A1 (de) 1972-11-30
DE2162023C3 (de) 1974-04-25
FR2139797A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-12
GB1342944A (en) 1974-01-09

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